新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案-Unit-3

......Unit3Languagepoints1Forlackofabetterterminology,onemightnamethese:(1)thesensuousplane,(2)theexpressiveplane,(3)thesheerlymusicalplane.(Para1)Theexpressionforlackofabetterterminologyisusedtointroduceratherinexactterms.Itmeanssincewedon’thaveanyexactterms,I’mgoingtousetheseratherroughterms.Thewordsensuoussuggestsphysicalpleasurewhichrelatestoyourphysicalsensesratherthantoyouremotionsandthoughts.Aplaneisalevelofthought,developmentorexistence.Thewordsheerisusedtoemphasizetheamountordegreeofsomething.sheerlymusicalplanereferstothelevelofthemusicalmaterial,melodies,Therhythms,harmoniesetc.Thesheerpleasure(Para2,Line2)meansgreatorpurepleasure.2Theonlyadvantagetobegainedfrommechanicallysplittingupthelisteningprocessintothesehypotheticalplanesis…(Para1)Thewordhypotheticalmeanstobebasedonsituationsoreventsthatseempossibleratherthanonactualones.Here,theplanesarenotreal,theyarejustpartofamodelforanalysisanddiscussion..学习参考.......3Oneturnsontheradiowhiledoingsomethingelseandabsent-mindedlybathesinthesound.Akindofbrainlessbutattractivestateofmindisengenderedbythemeresoundappealofthemusic.(Para2)Tobathemeanstoswimorwashyourselfinabath,riverorlake.Tosoundmeanstoimmerseyourselfinthesound,likeinwater.batheintheToengendermeanstocauseafeelingorattitudetoexist.Theexpressionengenderedbythemeresoundappealmeanstobecreatedonlybytheappealorattractionofthesound.4Musicallowsthemtoleaveit...dreamingbecauseofandaproposofthemusicyetneverquitelisteningtoit.(Para3)Theexpressionaproposofmeansrelatingto;itisusedtointroducesomethingelseaboutthesubjectyouaretalkingabout.TheexpressionisderivedfromFrench,andthefinal-sissilentinpronunciation.5...butyoumustnotallowittousurpadisproportionateshareofyourinterest.Thesensuousplaneisanimportantoneinmusic...butitdoesnotconstitutethewholestory.(Para4)Tousurpmeanstotakeajoborpositionthatbelongstosomeoneelsewithouthavingtherighttodothis.Thesentenceyoumustnotallowittousurpadisproportionateshareofyour.学习参考.......interestmeansdon’tletitakeupawrongamountofyourinterest.Theexpressionitdoesnotconstitutethewholestorymeansthereismoretoitthanthis.6Here,immediately,wetreadoncontroversialground.(Para5)Theexpressionwetreadoncontroversialgroundcontainsametaphor:Theseareideasthatsomepeoplewillprobablydisagreeaboutornotapproveof.7Composershaveawayofshyingawayfromanydiscussionofmusic’sexpressiveside.(Para5)Toshyawayfromsomethingmeanstoavoidsomeoneorbeunwillingtodosomethingbecauseyouarenervous,afraidornotconfident.8Isitpessimisticallysadorresignedlysad;isitfatefullysadorsmilinglysad?(Para6)Thewordresignedlymeanswithresignation,acceptingthatsomethingunpleasantmusthappenorthatyoucannotchangeit.Thewholesentencegivesnuances–shadesofmeaning–ofdifferentkindsofsadness:sadnesswhichhasafeelingofpessimism(thingsarebadandwecan’tchangethemeasily),sadnesstowhichwemayfeelresigned–weacceptit,sadnessthatwefeelispartofourfate–wecan’tavoiditanditispartofourlife,andsadnessthatalsohashumour,sowesmileeventhoughwefeelsad..学习参考.......9Itisveryimportantforallofustobecomemorealivetomusiconitssheerlymusicalplane.(Para9)Tobecome/bealivetosomethingmeanstoknowthatsomethingishappeningandrealizehowimportantitis.10Afterall,anactualmusicalmaterialisbeingused...Hemusthearthemelodies,therhythms,theharmonies,thetonecolorsinamoreconsciousfashion.(Para9)Themusicalmaterialsrefertotheelementsofmusic,usuallydiscussedundertheheadingsofmelody(thetune),rhythm(theeffectsoftimeordurationofthebeatsofmusic,thepulse),harmony(howthenotesofmusiccombinewitheachotherinchordsorsequencesofnotes),tonecolor(howtheprecisesoundofnotescanvary),andform(howthemusicisorganizedwithalltheelementsandpatternsofrepetitionandvariation).11Perhapsananalogywithwhathappenstouswhenwevisitthetheaterwillmakethisinstinctivecorrelationclearer.(Para11)Ananalogyisacomparisonbetweentwosituations,processesetc,thatisintendedtoshowthatthetwoaresimilar.Thatthetwothingsareanalogousmeansthesamethingsaretrueoforrelevanttobothofthem..学习参考.......Dealingwithunfamiliarwords4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.1tomakeuporformsomething(constitute)2happeningordoneatthesametime(simultaneously)3abletodosomethingbecauseyouhavetheknowledge,skill,orexperiencethatisneeded(qualified)4aregularpatternofsoundsinmusicthatyoucanshowbymoving,hittingyourhandstogether,orhittingadrumorothersurface(rhythm)5toreceiveorobtainsomethingfromsomethingelse(derive)6someonewhowritesmusic,especiallyclassicalmusic(composer)7asmuchasisneeded(sufficiently)5CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.JohannSebastianBachispossiblythegreatest(1)composertheworldhaseverknown.HisWell-TemperedClavichord(2)constitutesoneofthemostcompleteworksforkeyboardeverwritten.Itis(3)simultaneouslybothaseriesoftechnicalexerciseswhichexplorethepossibilitiesofthekeyboard,andamasterpieceofexpressivefeeling.Althoughhewasahighly(4)qualifiedmusician(asanorganistandachoirmaster),hewasnotconsideredtobe(5)sufficiently“modern”bythegenerationwhichfollowedhim,andhewassoonforgotten.Buthismusicwas.学习参考.......rediscoveredinthe19thcentury,foritsperfectsenseof(6)rhythmandharmony.Indeed,manyofthegreatcomposersofthe20thcentury,suchasStravinsky,(7)derivedalotoftheirmusicalideasfromhim.6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.1Shh!They’reabouttoannouncethewinnerofthisyear’sInternationalPianoCompetition.(proclaim)2It’squiteeasyotmakeacomparisonbetweenpoetryandmusic.(analogy)It’squiteeasytomakeananalogybetweenpoetryandmusic.3Weareamazedbyherabilitytoexpressherselfwithgreatclearnessandsimplicity.(clarity)4Howmanyartistshavegivenupeverythingforthecauseoftheirart?(forthesakeof)5Internetemergesasapowerfulandeffectiveforceinadvertisingnewproducts.(potent)6Ienjoyedtheperformance,butIthoughttheclothestheactorswerewearingwereabitsilly.(costumes)7Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions..学习参考.......1Ifyousplitsomethingup,doyou(a)divideitintoparts,or(b)putthepartstogether?2Ifyoudosomethingabsent-mindedly,areyou(a)thinkingaboutwhatyouaredoing,or(b)thinkingaboutsomethingelse?3Doyoulookforconsolation(a)afterapieceofbadnews,or(b)afterapieceofgoodnews?4Ifyouaretreadingoncontroversialground,areyou(a)takingarisk,or(b)makingeverybodyhappy?5Ifyoushyawayfromsomething,doyou(a)keepclosetoit,or(b)keepyourdistancefromit?6Ifyoupinsomethingdown,areyou(a)abletoexamineitcarefully,or(b)unabletoexamineitcarefully?7Ifyouknowthemelodyofapieceofmusic,areyoufamiliarwith(a)thetune,or(b)themeaningofthemusic?8Isaninstinctivereactiontosomething(a)automatic,or(b)onewhichfollowsalotofthought?Readingandinterpreting8Workinpairsandchoosethebestanswertothequestions.1Whichisthewriter’smainpurpose?.学习参考.......(a)Toshowhowcomplexlisteningtomusicis.(b)Togetpeopletolistentomusicmore.(c)Todiscouragesomepeoplefromlisteningtomusic.(d)Togetpeopletothinkabouthowtheylistentomusic.you2Whodoesthewriteraddressas?(a)Musicians.(b)Theatregoers.(c)Composers.(d)Intelligentmusiclovers.9Check(¸)thestatementsyouagreewith.√1Theanalysisthewritermakesisafairandaccurateone.Yes,Ithinkthisisareasonableanalysisoflisteningtomusic.2Hedescribesthesensuouslistenerinnegativeterms.Hedoesmentionsomenegativeaspectsofsensuouslisteningbuthesaysseveraltimesthatwelisteninallthreeways,soIdon’tthinkheisactuallynegativeaboutthisway.√3Hethinksallgreatmusicisexpressive.Hedoesn’tactuallysaythis,butthisseemstobehispointofview.4Hethinksmostlistenersarenotintelligentenough..学习参考.......No,hedoesn’tsaythis.Hesaysmostlistenersarenotconsciousenoughofthethirdplane,butthatdoesn’tmeantheyaren’tintelligent.√5Heisprobablyaprofessionalmusician.IguessthisistruebecauseofhisknowledgeofStravinskyandBach,andhisinsightsintotheeffectivewayoflisteningtomusic.√6Heisprobablyagoodteacher.Ithinksobecauseofhiswayofexplainingthethreeplanesandbecauseofthewayheusestheanalogyofthetheatre,whichnon-musicianmightappreciate.Activereading(2)Languagepoints1Weknowhisworkincludespaintingsofreligiousandmythologicalthemes,domesticinteriorsandlandscapes.(Para2)Domesticinteriorsaretheinsideofhouseholdswiththerooms,furnitureanddecorations.Landscapesarepaintingsofanareaofland,showingthescenerysometimeswithpeoplebutthefocusmostlyonnature.2WhileGrietgoesaboutherduties,sheattractstheattentionnotonlyofabutcher’sboy,Pieter,butalsoofthepainterhimself.(Para6).学习参考.......Togoaboutherdutiesmeanstodotheworkthatsheissupposedtodo.Beingondutymeanstobeworkingatthemoment;beingoffdutymeanstobenotworkingatthemoment.3Despitetheirdifferentbackgroundsandclass,heinvitesherintohisstudioandengagesherinhisworld.(Para6)Toengageherinhisworldmeanstohelphertotakeaninterest,understandortakepartinwhathedoes.4VermeerrecognizesGrietashavingvisualtalentandartisticpromise,andtakesheronashisstudioassistant.(Para7)Theexpressionshehasartisticpromisemeanssheshowsthesignthatsheislikelytobesuccessfulasanartistinthefuture.5HerroleistogrindpaintsanddevelopthecolourswhichVermeerwilluseforhispaintings...(Para7)Togrindpaintsmeanstobreaksomethingintoverysmallpiecesorpowderbycrushingitbetweentwosurfacesorusingamachine.InVermeer’stime,artistsmadetheirownpaintsbygrindingupdifferentcoloursandmixingthepowderwithwaterorothersubstances.Thistaskwasoftendonebyanapprenticeorassistant.6Catharinahaslongbeenforbiddentoenterthestudio,sothe.学习参考.......apprenticeshiptakesplaceinsecret.(Para7)Theapprenticeshipreferstoemploymentasanapprenticetoworkforsomeone,oracompany,usuallyforlowpay,inordertolearnthetypeofworktheydo.Inthe16thand17thcenturies,itwasnormalforpeopletolearnhowtobeanartistbyservingasanapprenticeship.7Thefilmshowsveryeffectivelythetension...fortheportraitcommissionedbyhispatron.(Para12)Tocommissionmeanstoasksomeoneofficiallytodosomeworkforyou.CommissioningaworkofartmeansaskingtheartisttoproduceaparticularworkofartinexchangeforpaymentDealingwithunfamiliarwords5Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.1someonewholooksatapicture,photograph,orpieceofart(viewer)2apainting,drawingorphotographofsomeone,especiallyoftheirfaceonly(portrait)3relatingtopeople’shomesandfamilylife(domestic)4theinsidepartofsomething,especiallyabuildingorvehicle(interior)5asaresult(consequently)6tostarttoemploysomeoneorusetheirservices(engage)7toofficiallyaskforapieceofworktobedoneforyou(commission).学习参考.......6CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity5.Inthebeginningitwasonlytherichandfamouswhohadtheir(1)portraitspainted.ButfromtheRenaissanceonwardsthingschanged.Firstly,thegrowingimportanceofthemiddleclassesledmanyordinarypeopleto(2)commissionpaintings,oftenofmembersoftheirfamily.Secondly,artistsbecameinterestedinshowingscenesof(3)domesticlife,setinthe(4)interiorsofordinaryhouses,and(5)consequentlytheybeganto(6)engageordinarypeople,suchasservantgirls,asmodels.Partofthemysteryfor(7)viewerstodayconcernstheidentityofthesemodels,inmasterpiecessuchasLeonardo’sMonaLisaandVermeer’sGirlwithaPearlEarring.Additionalactivity7Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.1HechangedhisreligionfromProtestantismandbecameaCatholic.(converted)2Oneoftheassistant’sjobswastobreakintoapowderthepaints.(grind)3Thenewspaperstartedtochangethefactsothatitwasnolongertrueeversinceitexisted,andthelocalgovernmentwasdefinitelyoneofthevictims.(distort)4Youdon’thavetomakeaholeinyourearstobeabletoweartheseearrings..学习参考.......(pierce)5Thelivesofartistshaveoftenbeenlinkedtoshockingeventsandsituations.(scandals)6Oneofthemoststrikingaspectsofthepaintingistheturbansheiswearingonherhead.(features)7I’llfinishthepaintingthisevening,sofromnowuntilthenyoucanhaveabreak.(inthemeantime)8Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.1Areexoticclotheslikelytobe(a)ordinary,or(b)unusual?2Isasittersomeonewho(a)isbeingpainted,or(b)spendsalotoftimesittingdown?3Isaconventionalsenseofbeautyonewhichis(a)sharedandunderstoodbymostpeople,or(b)differentfromwhatissharedandunderstoodbymostpeople?4Isanenigmaticexpressiononewhichisfullof(a)goodhumour,or(b)mystery?5Ifyouhaveavolatilepersonality,doyougetangry(a)quickly,or(b)onlywhenyoucan’ttolerate?6Ifyouarewaryofsomething,areyou(a)excitedaboutit,or(b)carefulandnervousaboutit?7Ifyoushowsomethingexplicitly,doyou(a)makeitsmeaningveryclearso.学习参考.......thereisnodoubtaboutit,or(b)leaveitsmeaningunclear?8Ifawomantriestokeephermodesty,doesshe(a)coverherhairandbodytoavoidanysexualfeelinginmen,or(b)talkandactwithgoodgrace?9Isjealousythefeelingyougetwhenyouthinksomeoneyoulove(a)isattractedtosomebodyelse,or(b)doesn’tloveyouanymore?Languageinusewordformation:compoundnouns1Formcompoundnounstoindicate:1awriterofsongs(songwriter)2adirectoroffilms(filmdirector)3ascarfyouweararoundyourhead(headscarf)4apackyoucarryonyourback(backpack)5astickyouusetomakeyourlipsred(lipstick)6alaceyouusetotieupyourshoe(shoelace)7polishthatyouputonyournails(nailpolish)mighthavebeen/done2Rewritethesentencesusing/mighthavebeendone.1It’spossiblethattheartistandthemodelbecamelovers.Theartistandthemodelmighthavebeenlovers..学习参考.......2It’spossiblethatCatharinawasneverjealousofthemodel.Catharinamightneverhavebeenjealousofthemodel.3It’spossiblethatthemodelbecameVermeer’sassistant.ThemodelmighthavebecomeVermeer’sassistant.4It’spossiblethatVermeerpaintedothermasterpieceswhichhavesincebeenlost.Vermeermighthavepaintedothermasterpieceswhichhavesincebeenlost.5It’spossiblethatVermeerdiedinpoverty.Vermeermighthavediedinpoverty.maybeduetothefactthat…3Completethesentenceswithyourownideasusingmaybeduetothefactthat…1Theyoungpianist’smusicalgeniusmaybeduetothefactthathismotherplayedthepianoalotwhileshewaspregnant,sohehasalwaysheardmusicfromdayone.2Thelatearrivalofthetrainmaybeduetothefactthattherewereseverestormslastnight.3ThemisunderstandingmaybeduetothefactthatshespeaksverylittleChineseandIdon’tspeakmuchSpanish..学习参考.......4Thebook’senormouspopularitymaybeduetothefactthatithasbeenaggressivelymarketedonTVanditwasdiscussedinseveralprimetimeTVshows.5Hisdislikeofmusicmaybeduetothefactthathewasexposedtoloudrockmusicformanyhoursadaywhenhewasquitesmall.insistthat…4Rewritethesentencesusinginsistthat…1ImetanoldfriendwhorefusedtoletmegobeforeIhadadrinkwithhim.Imetanoldfriend,whoinsistedthatIhaveadrinkwithhimbeforeheletmego.2ThecustomspeoplerefusedtoletmethroughunlessIsignedadocumenttheygaveme.ThecustomspeopleinsistedthatIsignadocumenttheygavemebeforetheyletmethrough.3Werefusedtolethimstarttheconcertbeforehavinganhour’srest.Weinsistedthathehaveanhour’srestbeforehestartedtheconcert.4Theyrefusedtopublishthebookuntilhechangedsomeofthethingshehadwritten.Theyinsistedthathechangesomeofthethingshe’dwrittenbeforetheypublishedthebook.5SherefusedtoletmeseethepaintinguntilIapologizedforwhatIhaddone..学习参考.......SheinsistedthatIapologizeforwhatIhaddonebeforesheletmeseethepainting.collocations5Readtheexplanationsofthewords.Answerthequestions.1appealThiswordmeansthequalitythatsomethinghasthatmakespeoplelikeitorwantit.(a)Ifaradiostationwantstowidenitsappeal,whatdoesitneedtodo?Itneedstoappealtoawideraudiencebyhavingmorepopularprogrammes.(b)Aregamesandsportsthathaveapopularappeallikedbymanypeopleorafewpeople?Theyarelikedbymanypeople.(c)Whenanorganizationmakesanappealformoney,whatdoesitdo?Itaskspeopletogivemoney,probablyforacharity.(d)Howwouldthepolicelaunchanappealtothepublicforinformation?TheywouldhaveaspecialeventlikeaTVbroadcastinwhichtheyaskthepublictocomeforwardwithanyrelevantinformation.2qualifiedThiswordcanmeanthoroughlytrainedforaparticularjob.(a)Ifyouareahighlyqualifieddoctor,whatdoyouhave?Youhavelotsofmedicalqualifications..学习参考.......(b)Ifajobadvertisementasksforfullyqualifiedengineers,whatdoesitexpect?Itexpectspeoplewithdegreesinengineeringandworkexperiencestoapply.(c)Ifsomeoneiswellqualifiedtogiveanopinion,whoarethey?Theyareexpertonthetopicforwhichtheyareaskedtogiveanopinion.3engageThiswordcanmeantostarttoemploysomeoneorusetheirservices.(a)Ifyougetengagedtosomeone,whatareyouplanningtodo?Youareplanningtogetmarriedwiththeperson.(b)Ifgovernmentforceshaveengagedwithrebels,whatishappening?Thegovernmentforcesarefightingtherebels.(c)Ifyouengagesomeoneinconversation,whatdoyoudo?Youtalktothemandtrytointeresttheminaconversation.4convertThiswordcanmeantochangefromonesystem,use,ormethodtoanother.(a)Wherecanyouconvertpoundsintodollars?Youcanexchangethemoneyinbanks,attheairport,accordingtothecurrentexchangerate.Youshouldbesuretochecktheexchangeratebecauseitcanchangefromdaytoday.(b)Whatusefulpieceoffurnituredosomesofasconvertinto?Theyconvertintobedssothatpeoplecanusethemforovernightguests..学习参考.......(c)Whatwouldafarmerhavetodotoconverttoorganicfoodproductionmethods?Theywouldhavetostopusingartificialmethodsoffoodproductionandstarttousemorenaturalones.5grindWhenyougrindsomething,youbreakitintosmallpiecesorpowder,byusingamachineorbycrushingitbetweentwohardsurfaces.(a)Whathappenstocoffee,spicesorpepperwhenyougrindit?Thebeansorseedsbecomepowder.(b)Didyouknowthat20percentofpeoplegrindtheirteethatnight?No,thenumberoftheproportionsoundshorrible.(c)Ifthetrafficgrindstoahalt,doesitstopsuddenlyorslowly?Itstopsslowlyandwillprobablybecomeatrafficjamunlessitgetsmovingagainquickly.6TranslatetheparagraphsintoChinese.Well-TemperedClavichord1Listen,ifyoucan,tothe48fuguethemesofBach’s.Listentoeachtheme,oneafteranother.Youwillsoonrealizethateachthememirrorsadifferentworldoffeeling.Youwillalsosoonrealizethatthemorebeautifulathemeseemstoyoutheharderitistofindanywordthatwilldescribeittoyourcompletesatisfaction.Yes,youwillcertainlyknowwhetheritisagay.学习参考.......themeorasadone.