Unit 1 Grammar and usage 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册

主谓一致Subject-verbAgreement主谓一致三大原则语法一致010203意义一致就近一致eg.Time

ismoney.Carrots

aredelicious.语法一致：主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式意义一致03主语形式上为复数，意义上是单数，谓语动词根据意义也用单数。02主语形式上为单数，但意义上是复数那么谓语动词也用复数。01语意上保持主谓一致：谓语动词的单复数是以主语所表达的单复数概念而定的。Theold

aretakengoodcareofintheoldpeople’shome.Threeyearshaspassedsinceshecamehere.邻近原则eg.YouorLindaistoblamefortheaccident.NotJackbuthisparentsaregoingtoBeijing.邻近原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。用于这种情况的连词有or，either……or，neither……nor……，notonly…butalso，not…but…主语的单复主语为单：可数名单；不可数名；不定代词（something、somebody等）作主语从句、非谓语作主语时间、金钱、度量等概念书名，剧名，国名。以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语。以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛作主语时。固定用法：manya（许多）morethanone（不止一个）thewholeeacheveryeitherneithereach……andeachevery……andeveryno……andno……manya……andmanya……Rice

ismainlygrowninthesouthofChina.

Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded.Themilkinthefridgeisfresh.

ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.Timewaitsfornoman.Nobodyknowstheanswer.

Money

meansnothingtohim.Reading

oftenmeanslearning.Threethousandkilometresisnotveryfar.TheUnitedStatesisinNorthAmerica.OneThousandAndOneNighttellspeoplelotsoffolktales.Mathematicsismyfavoritesubject.RockyMountainsstandinthewestofNorthAmerica.Manyagoodmanhasbeendestroyedbydrink.Eachboyandeachgirl

hasbeeninvitedtotheparty.Everymanandeverywoman

hasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirparents.主语为复：可数名复具有复数意义的词the+形容词clothes、shoes、trousers、glasses、scissors等表示成双的东西的名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数形式。但是，当这些名词前有表示数量的pair(对、双)时，要根据pair的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。一些thepoor穷人therich富人theliving活着的人；生物thedead死者thedying垂死的人theinjured伤者thewounded伤员theyoung年轻人theordinary普通人thebeautiful美丽的事物theugly丑陋的东西thenew新生事物theold旧事物；老年人theelderly老年人；长者Theold

aretakengoodcareofhere.

TheChinesearehard-working.Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderernow.Thescissorsaren'tsharp.Thispairofglassesismine.视情况而定集体名词作主语如family,team,class,crowd,government,group,audience，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。单复同形sheep（绵羊），deer（鹿）、fish（鱼）、crossroads（十字路口）当他们被单数限定词a，every，this，that等修饰时，谓语用单数。当他们被复数限定词all，these，those等修饰时，谓语用复数。all作主语指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数。主语中的名词或代词由分数、百分数或someof（一些）、mostof（大部分）、allof（不少于）、therestof（其余的），halfof（……的一半）、alotof/lotsof,partof（部分的）等短语限定时，谓语动词的单复数由其后的名词决定Kind(s)/sort(s)/type(s)of+名词，与kind/sort/type的数保持一致。agreatdealof/alargeamountof+n(u)作主语，谓语动词用单数，但largeamountsof...作主语，谓语动词用复数。定语从句中关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应视先行词的单复数而定Alargeamountofgrainhasbeeneatenbybirds.Thefamily

areallfondoffootball.Thefamilyisthesmallestunitofsociety.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried.All

havearrivedherenow.

All

wassilent.万籁俱寂。Partofhisstorywasnottrue.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisourchairman.Thosewhohaveseenthefilmpleaseputup（举起；提高）yourhands.自主辨别and一般情况：AandBtheAandtheB

theAandBAandtheB语义情况：AandB表示一个人或物，用单例：Breadandbutterismybreakfast.

就近原则就远原则复单复复EitherIoryouareresponsiblefortheproject.

Washeoryouinvitedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting?Thereisadictionary,twobooksandapenonthedesk.Nooneexcepttwoboyswashurt.谓语的单复一般现在时主系表主动宾单复isamare单复V+sV原形一般现在时的被动单isdone复aredone一般过去时主系表主动宾单复waswere单复V+edV+ed一般过去时的被动单wasdone复weredone一般将来时willdobegoingto单复单复willdowilldoisgoingtoaregoingto一般将来时的被动单复willbedonewillbedoneisgoingtobedonearegoingtobedone现在进行时bedoing单复isdoingaredoing现在进行时的被动单复isbeingdonearebeingdone过去进行时was/weredoing单复wasdoingweredoing过去进行时的被动单复wasbeingdonewerebeingdone将来进行时willbedoingbegoingtobedoing单复willbedoingwillbedoingisgoingtobedoingaregoingtobedoing现在完成时have/hasdone单复hasdonehavedone现在完成时的被动单复hasbeendonehavebeendone过去完成时haddone单复haddonehaddone过去完成时的被动单复hadbeendonehadbeendoneSimon:TheJungleBooksoundsgreat.Butwhat_______(make)thenewfilmsomuchbetterthantheoriginal?Laura:Thepicturequality,aswellasthespecialeffects,____(be)farbetter.Notonlytheanimalsbutalsotheforest______(look)soreal.Whileyouwatch,youfeellikereachingoutyourhandtotouchtheleaves.Simon:Soundssuper!Believeitornot,there____(be)onlyonerealhumancharacterinthefilm.Laura:That’sMowgli,playedbyachildactornamedNeelSethi.Therest____(be)alldigitallycreated.Simon:Doesthatmeanhehadtoactalone?ApplyingtherulesCompletetheconversationwiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebrackets.makesislooksisareLaura:Yes.Whenheactedaloneinfrontofagreenscreen,alotofimagination______________(require)!Therewasanotherproblem:thedigitallycreatedanimalshadnoshadows,butthefilmteam_____(be)abletofindasolution.Simon:Howwastheproblemsolved?Laura:Lightsandshadows(影子)_____(