高原自然环境的保护与西部地区可持续发展的新模式课件

APracticalFrameworkfortheAssessmentandManagementofNaturalCapitalinQinghai-TibetPlateauWanglinYANKeioUniversityJAPANAPracticalFrameworkfortheContentsBackgroundandPurposesNaturalCapitalasakeyconceptforQinghai-TibetPlateauFrameworkdesigningforassessingandmanagingNaturalCapitalIssuesandconditionsforimplementingtheframeworkinQinghaiFutureworksContentsBackgroundandPurpose1.BackgroundandPurposes1.BackgroundandPurposesChina’sNationalGoalConstructingasomewhatall-outabundantsocietyNationalGDP:4timesby2020=4000US$percapitalTheWesternDevelopmentStrategybringsamillenniumchanceforpeopleinWesternRegionsAchancewhichpeopleinwesternregionshaveawaitedforlong.Achallengewhichtheyhaveneverbeforeexperienced.China’sNationalGoalConstrucChallengesinWesternDevelopmentConflictsbetweenenvironmentconservationandeconomicdevelopment“ForestationProgram”doesnotinsureimprovementofpeasants’incomeandlivingconditions.Conflictsbetweenresourcedevelopmentandimprovementoflifetolocalpeople.Withoutlocalindustrialbases,resourcedevelopmentmaynotbringmuchbenefitstolocalresidentsChallengesinWesternDevelopmPurposesofOurProjectUsingNaturalCapitalasakeyconcepttobuildasustainabledevelopmentstrategyforbalancingenvironmentconservation,economicdevelopmentandimprovementofhumanwell-being.Designingaframeworkforpracticingthestrategy.ClarifyingissuesandconditionsforapplyingtheframeworkinQinghaiProvince.PurposesofOurProjectUsingN2.NaturalCapitalasakeyconceptforDevelopment2.NaturalCapitalasakeycoNaturalEcosystemsmustbeafundamentalfactorinmarketeconomySocialCapitalRoads,HarborsandAirportsetc.IndustrialCapitalFinance,FactoriesandEquipmentetc.HumanCapitalLabors,Knowledgeandskilletc.NatureCleanair,purewaterandfertilizedsoiletcEconomicSocietyNaturalCapitalCleanair,purewaterandfertilizedsoiletcTotalvalueofecosystemservicessupportinglivesontheearthNaturalEcosystemsmustbeafValueofEcosystemservicesoftheEarthRobertCostanzaetal,Thevalueoftheworld’secosystemservicesandnaturalcapital,Nature,Vol.387,253-260,1997ValueofEcosystemservicesofPartofQinghai-TibetPlateauashotspotofBiodiversityoftheEarthSource：HilaryFrench,2000,VanishingBorders,AWorldwatchbook,NortonPartofQinghai-TibetPlateauTheQinghai-TibetPlateau,thewatertowerofAsiaSource:MicrosoftEncarta2003WaterHeadsofAsianRiversQinghai-TibetPlateauQinghaiTibetSichuanYunnanTheQinghai-TibetPlateau,theContrastoftheenvironmentinthePlateauContrastoftheenvironmentinUsingNaturalCapitalforconservationanddevelopmentoftheplateauHugeecosystemservicesinfountainregions:Waterresources,highlandecosystems,traditionalculturesNaturalCapitalcouldbetradedinmarketforfundraising:Tradeofnaturalcapitalisnotthetradeofnatureitselfbutnaturalecosystemservices.Itisakeyissuefortheplateautodrawoutthepotentialoftheecosystemsandmakeittobeadrivingforceforsocialdevelopment.UsingNaturalCapitalforcons3.FrameworkDesigningforAssessingandManagingNaturalCapital3.FrameworkDesigningforAssBasicConsiderationsTechnologies(GIT,ICT)LocalKnowledgeScientificMethods(Models)Performance(Multi-Scale)Participation(Network)UnderstandingtheEcosystemsAssessingtheEcosystemservicesMakingPoliciesandLegislationsEstablishingMarketMechanismsStagesFactorsProductsBasicConsiderationsTechnologiFieldworkFrameworkforassessmentandmanagementofNaturalCapitalInventoryingAssessingManagingMarketingNetworkSensingMappingMonitoringInterviewingDocumentingSamplingScalingZoningOverlayingAccountingProtectingRestoringRebuildingPlanningDevelopingMethodMediaModelMechanismEcosystemsServicesCapitalEcotopesWell-beingSpatialDataEcomapsPoliciesApplyingExchangingCertifyingFundingReinvestingProjectionsProceduresProcessesProductsParticipationInvolvementofCommunities,LocalandCentralGovernmentalSectors,World-wideNGOsandAcademiciansFieldworkFrameworkforassessmFeaturesoftheframework:IntegrationIntegrationofimages,maps,documents,localknowledgebymulti-mediaIntegrationofmulti-scalescientificmethodsbyzoning,samplingandscalingIntegrationoftechnologies,scientificmethods,policymakingproceduresandmarketmechanismIntegrationoffieldworksforpracticingandnetworksforparticipatingFeaturesoftheframework:Int4.IssuesforImplementingtheFrameworkinQinghai4.IssuesforImplementingtheInventoryingtheinformationresourcesandmonitoringtheenvironmentEstablishinganinnovativeinventoryingandmonitoringsystemsinthehighlandwithlowcostandhighperformancemodernsatelliteobservationnetworksObservingandmonitoringtheecosystemsinmulti-resolutionreasonablegroundobservationnetworksAutomaticallycollectinginsituenvironmentdatagrassrootshumannetworksgatheringlocalknowledgeofnaturalecosystemsandculturesReceivingcontemporaryscientificknowledgeandinformationserviceInventoryingtheinformationrIntegrationofgeographicinformationandlocalknowledgeMODISimageSRTMDEMDataLadnusemapbyGRIDInsitudataLocalknowledgeIntegrationofgeographicinfoAssessingtheecosystemservicesofthehighland

Productionservices(thehighlandspecificgoods)peculiarplantandanimalresourcesinthehighlandservingashealthyfoodandmedicinalresources.Regulationservices(balanceofwaterandatmosphere)ecosystemsofthehighlandcontroltheclimateofAsianandimposegreatimpactsontheenvironmentoftheplanet.Habitatservices(specificbiologicaldiversity)therelivealotofvaluableanimalsandplantswhichareirreplaceableasgenomebankandbiodiversityresources.Informationservices(culture,religionsandtourism)beautifulnaturallandscape,variousethniccustomsandtraditionalreligiousculturesintheplateauareworthyresourcesofhumanbeingandwithpotentialfordevelopingtravelingindustry.AssessingtheecosystemservicYokohamaCityArea:300km2Population:3,000,000WithGreenMasterPlanTsuzukiWardArea:25km2Population:140,000Withwell-designedgreenmatrixSampleSite:Area:40haPopulation:100HomogenouslandusezoneLatestSatelliteImagesThematicMapsLanduseGeologyGeomorphologyVegetationAerophotograph&FieldHighresolutionaero-photographInventoriesoftreesImpervioussurfaces….CityecomapDistrictecomapValueoftreesinthesiteLandcoverclassificationEco-topeDefinition&GISoverlayEcosystemservicesoftreesStudyareaselectionEcologicalandgeographicinformationGIS-basedoperationEcosystemservicesoftreesinthewardEcosystemservicesoftreesinthecityOutputExpansiontothewardExpansiontothecityBlockecomapTracingthecanopiesandinventoryingtreesMethodforAssessingEcosystemServicesbyGISYokohamaCityTsuzukiWardSamplMakingpoliciesforconservationanddevelopment

EcologicalsystemsSocialSystemsSpatialPlanningInformationSystemsRestorationSocialDevelopmentNaturalDatabases・Satelliteimages・Insitudata・MapdataSocialdatabases・Population・Industry・CultureEcosystemsandHumaninteractionanalysis・globalchanges’impact・localactivities’impactEcologicalZoningSocialrenewingUrbanizationLandusesimulationLanduseallocation・developing・urbanizationEnvironmentPlanningSocialLegislationDigitalAsiaNetworkUnderstandingthehighlandecosystemsUnderstandingthehighlandsocialsystemsPublicInvolvementMakingpoliciesforconservatiEstablishingthemechanismfortradingecosystemservices(eg.CO2)EmissionrightbuyerEmissionrightsellerOverloadDomesticcompanyCEmissionrightTradecompaniesDomesticcompanyACompanyBaboardCutRealemissionGoalCutSaleSaleGoal->RealemissionBeginsfrom2005inJapanRealemissionGoalEstablishingthemechanismforChinaNeedsEcosystemServicesTradingMechanismlikeCDM?ThereexistpublicconsciousnessonecosystemservicetradinginChina.Centralgovernmentandeasternpeopledon’texpectproductionoftimberandpasturebutecosystemservicesofregulationandinformation.Whoshouldpayforthecostsofafforestinwesternregions?Withoutanycompensation,whydoweaskthewesternpeasantsendurethepoorlivingcondition.Ecosystemservicetradingmechanismwilllinktheconstructorsofenvironmentandtheconsumersofecosystemservices.Thiscouldincreaseincentiveofpeopleforenvironmentrestorationandconservation.ChinaNeedsEcosystemServices5.ResourcesandconditionsforimplementingtheframeworkinQinghaiatpresent5.ResourcesandconditionsfoThePeculiarGeographicLocationandtheHighlandEcosystemsQinghaihasadvantagestoinvestigate,toevaluate,andtomanagetheNaturalCapitalpriortowesternprovincesanddistricts.NearlyhalfofQinghaiProvinceisenclosedinSanjuangyuanNaturalProtectionZone.Thevulnerableecosystemsinthehighlandarenotsuitableforlarge-scaleindustrialdevelopment.Tibetansarenotwelcomeanydramaticchangesoflifestyles.Therefore,searchingforecosystemservicestradingbetweenthehighlandandotherregionsbecomesthemostreasonablechoiceforQinghai,especialthesouthernQinghai.ThePeculiarGeographicLocatiResearchResourcesQinghaiUniversity,supportedbyChineseMinistryofEducation,hasequippedwithbasiceducationandresearchfacilities,andhasachievedaworkablelevelintheinvestigation,managementandassessmentofthehighlandenvironment.ThescientificteamofChineseAcademyofSciencehasinvestigatedthehighlandfor50years,andaccumulatedabundantfindingsandinformationontheecosystemsthere.EarthObservationSatellites,InformationandCommunicationTechnologiesoffersystemsforinvestigatingandmonitoringthewildlandinhighspeedandlowcost.ResearchResourcesQinghaiUnivChineseGovernment’sSupportsAChina,openingtotheworldmoreandmore,securesbasicconditionforinternationalcollaborations.TheGreatWesternDevelopmentStrategyandthedesireofChinesepeopleforhavinggreenerynationallandpromisethepossibilityforintroducingthemarketmechanismofecosystemservicetrading.ChineseGovernmentandChinesescientistshaveengagedin"MillenniumAssessment"project.TheirexperienceishelpfulforimplementingtheframeworkinQinghai-TibetPlateau.ChineseGovernment’sSupportsAInternationalCollaborationNetworkTheinternationalexchangesofQinghaiUniversityareactiveinrecentyearsAninternationalnetworkwithenvironmentalexpertswhoarewillingtocontributetothedevelopmentandconservationofthehighlandisestablished.Thisnetwork,correspondenttothecallingfromtheEmbassyofChinainTokyoandtheauspicesofChineseEducationMinistry,isworkingfunctionallyasanodeforassistingQinghaiwithresourcesabroad.InternationalCollaborationNeKeioUniversity’sCOEProjectKeioUniversity,oneofthemostfamousuniversityinJapanhasstartedtheprojectundertheauspicesoftheJapaneseGovernment's21CenturyCenterofExcellence(COE)Program,"PolicyInnovationInitiative:HumanSecurityResearchinJapanandAsia"since2003,inwhichthecollaborationofChinaandJapanonenvironmentpolicyisakeyissueinthecomingfiveyears.Evenbeforet