2023年自考类英语自考英语国家概况历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年自考类英语自考英语国家概况历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.theCelts2.Howwasthe1920sintheUnitedStatesdescribedbymanyhistorians?3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAustraliaisnottrue?______A.Itliessouthoftheequator.B.Itistheworld'ssmallestcontinent.C.Itistheflattestandlowestcontinent.D.Itisthecontinentthatcontainsmorethanonecountry.4.WhichstatementabouttheWatergateScandalisnottrue?______A.AfterthescandalAmericandisillusionsgrew.B.NixonwasthesecondpresidenttoresigninU.S.history.C.Nixonfinallyhandedoverthecompletetapes,whichwouldcondemnhim.D.Bytheearly1980sfarfewerAmericansstillclungtothebeliefthattheirsystemwasthemostpowerful.5.ThereligiousreforminEnglandinthe16thcenturywasto______andtomake______ChurchofEngland.A.cutconnectionswiththePope,anindependentB.establishconnectionswiththePope,aCatholicC.establishnewrelationswiththePope,aRoyalD.altertheologyineveryway,revolutionary6.WhatwasthebasicdemandoftheProgressiveMovement?7.QueenMaryTudorhasbeenknownas"BloodyMary"becauseunderherreign______.A.aseriesofbloodywarswerefoughtB.manyProtestantswerepersecutedandburntashereticsC.manyrebelpeasantswereputtodeathD.manyprotestersagainstherrulewerekilled8.Constitutionalmonarchyisasystemunderwhichthepowersofthe______arelimitedbyParliamentortheconstitution.A.churchB.kingorqueenC.governmentministersD.bishop'scourt9.MembershipintheHouseofRepresentativesisbasedon______.A.thenumberofcitiesineachstateB.thenumberoffamiliesineachstateC.thesizeofpopulationineachstateD.thesizeofcitiesineachstate10.WhichofthefollowingisnotthequalitySundays?A.TheTimes.B.SundayTelegraph.C.TheSundayTimes.D.TheObserver.11.Whatdecisionsdogrown-upsandchildrenoftenmakeonNewYear'sDay?12.WhatarethetwoaspectsoftheNormanlegacythatcontributedtogreatdomesticunrestinEnglandinthe12thand13thcenturies?13.HowisAustraliadividedgeographically?14.TheU.S.Constitutionprovidesthatthe______shallbePresidentofSenate.A.PresidentB.ChiefJusticeC.VicePresidentD.AttorneyGeneral15.ThefirstAustraliancolony,establishedbyBritainin1788andcalledthepremierstate,is______.A.VictoriaB.TasmaniaC.QueenslandD.NewSouthWales16.UnderWilliamtheConqueror,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.Accordingtothissystem______.A.thebaronsownedthelandB.theKingownedallthelandpersonallyC.thefreemenwereatthebottomofthefeudalscaleD.thegrowthofthepowerofthebaronswasnotrestrained17.Maoritanga18.TherearethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:Scotland,Walesand______.A.IrelandB.NeverlandC.NewZealandD.England19.WhatwasDomesdayBook?20.WhichofthefollowingabouttheWarsoftheRosesisnottrue?A.ItisthebattlesbetweentheHouseofLancasterandtheHouseofYork.B.Thenamewascoinedbya19thcenturynovelistSirWalterScott.C.TheredrosesymbolizedtheHouseofLancasterwhilethewhiteonesymbolizestheHouseofYork.D.ThecommonpeopleweredeeplyengagedintheWars.21.SoonaftertheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationswithChina,theCongress,supportedbytheAdministration,adoptedtheTaiwanRelationsAct.A.KennedyB.JohnsonC.TrumanD.Carter22.ThecommunitycollegesintheU.S.havethefollowingmainfunctionsEXCEPT______.A.toresearchandofferpublicserviceB.topreparestudentsfortransferringtoaB.A.programC.toprovidevocationaltrainingfortheworkingpeopleD.toproviderecreationalandculturalactivitiesforadults23.ThenoblesforcedKingJohntosign______onJune19,1215.A.theGreatCharterB.thePeople'sCharterC.theDeclarationofBredaD.theBillofRights24.WhoarethenativepeoplelivinginAustralia?25.BlackThursdayof192926.TheEnglishRenaissancewaslargelyliterary,anditachieveditsfinestexpressionintheso-called______.A.RomanticpoetryB.RomanticfictionC.ElizabethanpoetryD.Elizabethandrama27.TheonlynativemammalsinNewZealandare______.A.rabbitsB.batsC.opossumsD.goats28.______werethemostindustriousandvigorousoftheCeltictribes.A.TheIberiansB.TheGaelsC.TheBrythonsD.TheBelgae29.______hasthelightestrainfallinIreland.A.TheCentralLowlandB.TheNortheastC.TheNorthwestD.TheSouthwest30.TheCivilList31.Thefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedunderafterthe______in1066.A.William,NormanConquestB.AlfredtheGreat,Anglo-SaxonConquestC.theDane,arrivaloftheDaneD.theCelts,arrivalofPane32.In1351,thegovernmentissuedaStatuteof______whichmadeitacrimeforpeasantstoaskformorewages.A.OxfordB.ClarendonC.LaborersD.Westminster33.InwhatwayisChurchofEnglanduniquelyrelatedtotheCrown?34.TheCivilWarendedwiththepassingofthe______totheConstitution,whichbannedslaveryintheUnitedStates.A.TenthAmendmentB.EleventhAmendmentC.TwelfthAmendmentD.ThirteenthAmendment35.Juniorcollegesincludethefollowingcollegesexcept______.A.BibleB.communityC.juniorD.technical36.The1920shasbeendescribedasaperiodof______and______intheUnitedStates.A.materialsuccess,spiritualfrustrationB.reforms,progressC.foreignexpansion,domesticoppressionD.racialdiscrimination,demonstrations37.ThesparkoftheFirstWorldWarwasstruckatSarajevoonJune28______,whenthe______CrownPrinceFranzFerdinandwasassassinatedbyaSerbiannationalist.A.1913,GermanB.1914,AustrianC.1913,BulgarianD.1914,English38.ThereasonwhyMaoriworkersmovedtothecitiestomakealivingafterWorldWarⅡisthat______.A.theylosttheirlandB.theylearnedskillsduringthewarC.theylosttheirsocialandculturallinksD.theyregainedtheiridentityasthenativepeople39.TheBritishuniversitiesaregovernedby______orby______andenjoyacademicfreedom.A.royalcharters,ActofParliamentB.thePeople'sCharter,theReformActof1832C.theGreatCharter,theBillofRightsD.thePetitionofRight,theTestAct40.Fornearlythirtyyears,ElizabethIsuccessfullyplayedoffagainsteachotherthetwogreatCatholicpowersatthetime,______,andpreventedEnglandfromgettinginvolvedinanymajorEuropeanconflict.A.SpainandGermanyB.FranceandSpainC.SpainandDenmarkD.FranceandItaly41.Theultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin______.A.theQueenB.theCabinetC.theHouseofLordsD.theHouseofCommons42.TheDisablingActforbade______.A.anyCatholicstositineitherHouseofParliamentB.anyPuritanstositineitherHouseofParliamentC.anylandownerstosellandbuylandD.anytenant-in-chieftodividehisland43.WhatarethethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain?44.Overlordisacodenamefor______.A.Americanlend-leaseassistancetotheSovietUnion.B.thesummitconferenceatTeheranC.thealliedlandingatNormandy,Francein1944D.theNorthAfricancampaign45.TheU.S.PresidentcanvetoanybillpassedbyCongressunlessover-riddenby______voteineachhouse.A.one-thirdB.two-thirdsC.two-fifthsD.three-fourths46.ThemostexcitingplaceintheUnitedStatesonNewYear'sEveis______.A.RockefellerCenterinNewYorkCityB.TimesSquareinNewYorkCityC.IndependenceHallinPhiladelPhiaD.PasadenainCalifornia47.Irelandhasthefollowingdemographicfeaturesexcept______.A.alatemarriageageB.anexcessoffemalesinthepopulationC.ahighproportionofbachelorsandspinstersofallagesD.alowbirthratecompoundedbyacenturyofemigration48.Inthe1830sinAmerica,theantislaveryreformerswerecalled______.A.revolutionariesB.DemocratsC.abolitionistsD.Republicans49.WhoformallybroughtChristianitytoBritain?Andwhen?50.WhichstatementisnottrueaboutIreland?A.Irelandisdividedintotwopoliticalunits.B.NorthernIrelandispartoftheUnitedKingdom.C.TheRepublicofIrelandisanindependentcountry.D.IrelandiscalledtheEmeraldIslebecauseofitsrichdepositofemeralds.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：theCelts:TheCeltswereancientpeopleinEnglishhistory.TheyarrivedinEnglandinabout700BC.TheyinvadedEnglandin3waves:theGaels,theBrythonsandtheBelgae.TheCeltsaretheancestorsoftheScots,theWelshandtheIrish.2.参考答案：Itwasdescribedasaperiodofmaterialsuccessandspiritualfrustrationorconfusionandpurposelessness.3.参考答案：D[解析]澳大利亚在南半球，是世界上最小的一个大洲，是惟一的只包含有一个国家的大洲。在世界上七个大洲中，它是最平坦、最低，并且是惟一一个能开着汽车到达最高山顶的大洲。4.参考答案：B[解析]尼克松是美国历史上第一位辞职的总统。5.参考答案：A[解析]亨利八世改革的目的，是使英国教会与教皇脱离联系，成立独立的英格兰教会。6.参考答案：Thebasicdemandwasgovernmentregulationoftheeconomyandsocialconditions.7.参考答案：B[解析]在玛丽·都铎统治期间，许多人因坚持新观点被处死，至少有300名新教徒被当作。并教徒烧死。人们称她为“血腥玛丽”。8.参考答案：B[解析]君主立宪制下，王权受议会或宪法限制。9.参考答案：C[解析]美国参议院是两院中较小的院，按宪法规定，每州有两名议员；众议院成员人数按人口确定，因此它的规模在宪法中没有具体规定。10.参考答案：A[解析]严肃报纸面向那些想广泛了解公共事务，获取充分信息的读者。4份严肃星期日报：《星期日电讯报》、《星期日独立报》、《观察家》和《星期日泰晤士报》。而《泰晤士报》不是严肃星期日报，是严肃报。11.参考答案：Theyoftenpromisedtogetridoftheirbadhabitsandmakeuptheirmindstoleadbetterlivesinthenewyear.12.参考答案：OnewasEngland'spossessionofterritoryinFrance.TheotherwasNormanadherencetoRomanCatholicism.13.参考答案：GenerallyAustraliaisdividedintothreetopographicalregions:theGreatWesternPlateau,theEasternHighlandsandtheCentralEasternLowlands.14.参考答案：C[解析]TheConstitutionprovidesthattheVicePresidentshallbePresidentoftheSenate.宪法规定由副总统担任参议院议长。15.参考答案：D[解析]新南威尔士是第一个殖民地；也是澳大利亚最古老的州。16.参考答案：B17.参考答案：Maoritanga:InNewZealand,MaoritangaisMaoriculture,theMaoriwayoflifeandviewoftheworld.Maoriviewsoftheworld,ofnature,ofeducation,ofspiritualityandofdeath,arebecomingmoreandmorepartoftheNewZealandwayoflife.18.参考答案：D[解析]大不列颠岛上的三个政区为英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。19.参考答案：ThebookwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085,andstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofcultivationandownershipoftheland.20.参考答案：D[解析]从1455年到1485年的玫瑰战争，发生在兰开斯特家族和约克家族之间。玫瑰战争这个词是19世纪的大作家瓦尔特·司考特创造的。虽然玫瑰战争断断续续进行了三十年，但普通民众所受影响甚微，他们照常从事各自营生。21.参考答案：D[解析]中美建交之后不久，美国国会在卡特政府支持下通过了《台湾关系法》，该法案从内容到精神都违背了建交协议的精神。22.参考答案：A23.参考答案：A[解析]诺曼人遗留下来的两件事情使12世纪和13世纪英国国内极不稳定。其一是英国在法国境内拥有的土地；其二是诺曼人对罗马天主教的依附。这最终导致了1215年约翰国王与贵族们之间的对抗。1215年夏天，在离温莎城堡四英里之外的泰晤士河下游的兰尼米德岛上举行了会议，贵族代表团把他们的宪章——后被称为大宪章递交给国王和他的顾问们。1215年6月19日，国王极不情愿地在大宪章上盖上印鉴。24.参考答案：TheyaretheAboriginals.25.参考答案：BlackThursdayreferredtoOctober24,1929,thedaywhenthestockmarketintheUnitedStatescollapsed.Tensofmillionsofsharesweredumpedonthemarketandbillionsofdollarsofpaperprofitwerewipedoutwithinafewhours.26.参考答案：D[解析]英国文艺复兴大部分是在文学上的，最大成就表现为人们所说的伊丽莎白戏剧。27.参考答案：B[解析]惟一的本国陆地哺乳动物是两种蝙蝠，所有的其他动物都是引进的，主要来自英国。28.参考答案：D29.参考答案：A[解析]中部低地是爱尔兰雨量最少的地区，有两个地区雨量每年不足762毫米。30.参考答案：(1)TheCivilListisanannualgrantapprovedbyParliament.ThegrantismadetotheBritishSovereignandmembersoftheroyalfamily.(2)Itisusedtocovertheexpenseinvolvedincarryingouttheirpublicduties.31.参考答案：A[解析]在威廉统治(1066—1087)下，英国的封建制度得以完全确立。根据此制度，国王个人拥有全国的有土地。威廉把英国的大片土地分给贵族，条件是贵族保证服役和交租。这一特点限制了贵族权力的扩大。32.参考答案：C[解析]1351年政府颁布“劳工法令”，规定农民们涨工资的要求、或者是雇主支付比地方官制订的工资水平高的工资都是犯罪。33.参考答案：ChurchofEnglandisuniquelyrelatedtotheCrowninthattheSovereignmustbeamemberofthatChurchand,as"DefenderoftheFaith",mustpromiseonhisorheraccessiontoupholdit.34.参考答案：D[解析]RobertE.LeesurrenderedonApril9,1865.ThewarthatcostAm