Unit+3+要词+好句+精句讲义 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

选必3Unit3Reading：SailingtheoceansZhengHeInthesummerof1405ZhengHe.oneofChina'sgreatestexplorers,setsailfromTaicangonhisfirstvoyage.Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28,000peopleonboard,whichwasasplendidscene.Itwouldtake500yearsbeforealargerfleetsailedtheseas.Accordingtosomerecords,thelargestshipswereover140metresinlength,demonstratingtheadvancedtechnologyandspecialskillsusedinconstructingships.Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28,000peopleonboard,whichwasasplendidscene.一支由200多艘船组成的船队在蔚蓝的大海中航行，船上近28000人，这是一幅壮丽的景象。demonstrate≈display≈conveyadvancedtechnologyandspecialskills先进的技术和专门的技能Between1405and1433,onbehalfoftheMingDynasty,ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages.Hisshipswereloadedwithchina,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,andthefleetpaidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countries10andregions.HeevensailedasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica.Astheysailed,thenavigatorstookcompassreadings,keptlogsoftheirvoyagesandchartedthecoastLaterthedetailedmapsbecameZhengHe'sNavigationMap.Hisshipswereloadedwithchina,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,andthefleetpaidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countries10andregions.他的船上装满了瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍宝作为送给外国统治者的礼物，船队友好访问了30多个国家10多个地区。Astheysailed,thenavigatorstookcompassreadings,keptlogsoftheirvoyagesandchartedthecoastLaterthedetailedmapsbecameZhengHe'sNavigationMap.他们远航时，航海员们会读取指南针读数，记录航行日志并绘制海岸图，后来详细的地图成为郑和的导航地图。ZhengHe'ssevenvoyageshadafar-reachingimpactonChinaanditsneighbours.InthecountriesandregionswhereZhengHesetfoot,legendshavebeenpassedonaboutthisgreatexplorer.ZhengHe'seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslandsafar-reachingimpacton影响深远passedon传递ZhengHe'seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands.郑和的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人接触中国文化，让中国人更好地了解海外土地。Formanyyears,somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends.ThefinalproofcamewhenanenormousshipyardwasdiscoveredinNanjing,wherethe20fleethadbeenbuilt.ZhengHe'saccomplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina'smostinfluentialexplorers.anenormousshipyard巨大的造船厂ZhengHe'saccomplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina'smostinfluentialexplorers.郑和的成就现在得到广泛认可，他被人们认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。ChristopherColumbusThosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongthewayaswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.ColumbuswasborninaportcityofItalyin1451.Asateenager,helovedsailing,andheshowedgreatinterestingeographywhichinspiredhimtobeginhiscareerasaseaman.ThosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongthewayaswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.那些有伟大发现的人必须经常克服许多挑战，就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布一样。ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Aftercontinuousattempts.hereceivedfinancialsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain.On3August1492hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeshipscarryingabout90crewmen.Thejourneywasfullofchallengesittooklongerthanexpected,theyfacedashortageoffood,andoneoftheshipswasleakingbadlywhichputeveryoneonthisshipingravedanger.Themenonboardwereinpanic.Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean.Finallyon12Octoberthecrewspottedlandinthedistance.ColumbuscalledthenativeslivingontheislandsIndiansbecausehewasconvincedthathewasintheEastIndies.However,theshorestheyhadreachedwereoftheCaribbean,nottheEastIndies.insistedonsearchingfor坚持寻找continuousattempts不断尝试Thejourneywasfullofchallengesittooklongerthanexpected,theyfacedashortageoffood,andoneoftheshipswasleakingbadlywhichputeveryoneonthisshipingravedanger.旅程充满挑战，花费的时间比预期的要长，他们面临食物短缺，其中一艘船漏水严重，使这艘船上的每个人都处于严重危险之中。Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean.尽管面临种种挑战，哥伦布都设法用他的知识和勇敢在大洋彼岸让每个人都远离危险。Between1493and1504Columbusfoundmorelandoverthecourseofhisthreesubsequentvoyages.Themajorcontributionofthisgreatexploreristhathe"discovered"theNewWorld.HisdiscoveryinspiredexplorerssuchasCaptainJamesCooktoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld.HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindings.Thisperiodalsoallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.subsequentvoyages后续的航行HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindings.他的航行开启了大航海时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。GrammarUsageSimaQianoneofthegreatesthistoriansinChinesehistory,wasbornineither145or135BCE.Influencedbyhisfather,whowasalsoahistorian,SimaQiantookaninterestinhistorywhenhewasachild.HelearntChineseclassicsfromgreatliterarymasters,andattheageof20,hebegantravellingextensivelyacrossthecountry.Heinterviewedthelocalpeopletogetawiderangeofinformation.Learningandtravellingwereexactlywhathelpedhiminhislatercareerasahistorian.HelearntChineseclassicsfromgreatliterarymasters,andattheageof20,hebegantravellingextensivelyacrossthecountry.他向伟大的文学大师学习中国经典，20岁时，他开始在全国各地旅行。awiderangeofinformation广泛的信息Hisfather'sdreamwasthatonedayhecouldwriteagreatmasterpiecerecordingwhathadhappenedinhistory.Afterhisfatherdied,SimaQiansucceededhisfatherasGrandHistorianwhichfacilitatedhisaccesstoofficialbooksandfiles.However,hisworkproveddifficult,becausesortingoutalltheavailableresourcesandcheckingfactsofhistoricalmaterialsrequiredpainstakingefforts.Hischiefconcernwaswhetherhecoulddohisjobmoreeffectivelyandefficiently.Afterhisfatherdied,SimaQiansucceededhisfatherasGrandHistorianwhichfacilitatedhisaccesstoofficialbooksandfiles.司马迁父亲去世后，继承父亲为大史学家，方便他查阅官方书籍和档案。availableresources可用资源effectivelyandefficiently.有效和高效。Ashecarriedonwithhiswork,somethingawfulhappenedtoSimaQian.Hewasputinprison,wherehesufferedalotofpainphysicallyandmentally.However,hewasnotdefeated.Heneverforgotabouthisfather'sdream,ingoodtimesorbadtimes.Aftermorethantenyearsofhardwork,theShiji(RecordsoftheGrandHistorian),hismasterpiece,wascompleted.physicallyandmentally身心ExtendedReading:HellcomestoPearlHarborItwasSundayDecember71941.Asusual,thewake-upcallcameat5:45a.m.ThemenaboardthewarshipUSSArizonastretchedandrubbedtheireyes.SeamanRussellWarrinerwasawakenedbyQuartermasterLouisConter.Russellmadehisbedandhelpedcleanthehuge,sharedroom.Themenwenttothewashroomdressedintheiruniformsandsatdowntobreakfast.Itlookedlikeitwouldbeanormaldayonboardtheship.Butnobodyatetheirbreakfast:atthatmoment,therewasahugecrashingsoundfromabove.Theshipshookviolentlyandthemenlookedateachotherinhorror.Abovetheirheads,hundredsofJapaneseplanescircledlikeeagles.TheyweredivingdowntodropbombsonPearlHarbor.Thescreamoftheirengineswasdeafening.Asbombsthunderedallaround,cloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyandhungoverthesea.Russellfelthisbloodfreeze,buthequicklycametohimselfandrusheduptothedeck.Momentslater,abombhittheUSSArizonaandRussellwasthrownmorethan100metersacrosstheship.Hesufferedseriousburnsonhishands,armsandlegs,andwatchedmanyofhisfriendsdie.ThemenaboardthewarshipUSSArizonastretchedandrubbedtheireyes.亚利桑那号军舰上的士兵伸了个懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。awaken≈arouse≈wakenahugecrashingsound巨大的撞击声shookviolently剧烈摇晃inhorror恐慌之中Abovetheirheads,hundredsofJapaneseplanescircledlikeeagles在他们的头顶上，数百架日本飞机像老鹰一样盘旋。deafening震耳欲聋≈loudcloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyandhungoverthesea黑烟云升上天空，笼罩在海面上felthisbloodfreeze感觉自己的血液冻结了cametohimselfandrusheduptothedeck.恢复意识，冲上甲板。Louis,meanwhile,alsostandingonthedeck,wasluckynottobethrownintothesea.Withonlyminorinjuries,hewasabletohelpotherswhowereseverelyburntandinterriblepain.Afterreceivingtheordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingthemintothelifeboat.Inthechaosandconfusionaftertheattack,theUSNavysentamessagetohisfamilythatLouishadbeenkilledintheattack.Luckilyhewasabletogetintouchwiththembeforethemessagearrived.Despitehisremarkableactions,Louisdidnotthinkthathewasahero."Theheroesaretheonesthatgavetheirlivesthatday,"hesaid.Withonlyminorinjuries只有轻伤dragtheminto把他们拖进Inthechaosandconfusion在混乱和困惑中Russellwassavedfromthewater,buthewasbadlyburnt,bleedingheavily.Fortunatelyhewastakentohospitalandsurvived.Formanyyears,Russellrefusedtotalkaboutwhathappenedthatmorning,describingitsimplyas“hell".HiswifeElsasaid,“Whenheopeneduplateron,healwaysmentionedthehorrorofit."LouisandRussellwouldneverforgettheterriblesceneoftheattack,buttheywerefortunateenoughtobeamongthefewsurvivorsfromtheArizona.Nobodyhadexpectedthebombing.JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarborsotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwarontheUnitedStates.Theattackdestroyednearly20Americanshipsandover180airplanes.Intotal,morethan2,000Americanpeoplewerekilledandover1,000otherswerewoundedthatday.Morethan1,000peopleaboardtheArizonalosttheirlives.Outof37setsofbrothers,Russellandhisbrotherweretheonlyfullpaintosurvivetheattack.JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarborsotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwarontheUnitedStates.日本策划了对珍珠港发动突然袭