直接引语和间接引语用法及练习

直接引语和间接引语直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。例如：1)Hesaid,“Iamgladtoseeyou."—Hesaidthathewasgladtoseeme.2)“Doyouknowthemanoverthere"MarysaidtoTom.—MaryaskedTomifheknewthemanoverthere.3)Jimsaidtome,Janeleftherschoolbagathome."—JimtoldmethatJanehadleftherschoolbagathome.2、时态的变化(1)主句的谓语动词是直接引语般过去时间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时一般过去时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)过去将来时一般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时如主句的谓语动词是相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化表：“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。thatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。“I'musingtheknife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”thathewasusingtheknife.他说他正在用小刀。“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay."她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收过去将来完成时般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作Hesaid,—HesaidHesaid,—HesaidShesaid,到他的来信。”—ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他说：“我来帮助你。”—Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他说他来帮助我。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”老师说：“地球是圆的。”—Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.老师说地球是圆的。主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变Hesays,“Ifinishedthework.”他说：“我做完工作了。”Hesaysthathefinishedthework.他说他做完工作了。Hewillsay,“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflowers.他会说他己经浇花了。3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化直接引语 间接引语扌旨示代词 this/these that/those时间状语 now thentodaytonightthisweek(month…)todaytonightthisweek(month…)Yesterday thelastweek(month…)twoweeks(month)agotomorrownextweek(month…)地点状语 here动 词 come goHesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreethatnightthatweek(month…)daybeforetheweek(month…)beforetwoweeks(months)beforethenextdaythenextweek(month…)thereBring 1akedaysago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”—Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here—there;ago—before)Shesaid,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”—Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她说那晚她将去那儿。(come—go；here—there；this—that)以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there,come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。二、 当直接引语是陈述句时直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如：Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanhourago.”—Shesaidto/toldmethatshehadcomebackanhourbefore.三、 当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时1、 疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。2、 主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked；没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语(如me，him等)。3、 句末用句号。4、 从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。5、 原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if转述； Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish"—Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.6、 原句若为选择疑问句时，用whether・・・or・・/・・ornot；I asked him,“Will youstay athome orgotoafilm tonight"—I asked himwhether hewould stayat homeorgotoa filmthatnight.7、 原句若为反意疑问句，则常用whether或if转述。“You'vealreadygotwell,haven'tyou"sheasked—Sheasked(me)whether/ifIhadalreadygotwell.四、 当直接引语是特殊疑问句时如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导，其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况2—5条一样。例如：“Whatisyourname"heaskedme.—Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heasked: “Whereareyoutogetoff.Peter"—HeaskedPeterwherehewastogetoff.如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。例如：“Whosepictureisthemostbeautifulinyourclass"askedtheboy'sfather.—Theboy'sfatheraskedhimwhosepicturewasthemostbeautifulinhisclass.五、 当直接引语是祈使句时直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构“主语+askedsb.(not)todosth."。1、 需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。2、 原主句谓语动词said须改为asked,told或ordered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词。asksb.(not)todosth. 表示客气)tellsb.(not)todosth.(命令性强于上面)ordersb.(not)todosth. (命令性最强)例如：Hesaid,“Don'tmakesomuchnoise."—Hetoldusnottomakesomuchnoise.3、 原句有“please"时，主句谓语多用asked(请求)，并去掉please。例如：Hesaidtome, “Shutthewindow,please."—Heaskedmetoshutthewindow.4如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用“suggest+that从句"或“suggestdoing"来转述。例如：“Let'sgotothecinema."Tomsaid.—Tomsuggestedgoingtothecinema.—Tomsuggestedthattheyshouldgotothecinema.六、 直接引语是感叹句时直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或how引导，词序不变，也可用that引导，将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!"—Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.—Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.Heasked forthecomputer.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayDhowmuchIpaid2. “Haveyouseenthefilm"heaskedme.—Heaskedme .

hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.—He methewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.askedtocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.—HesaidA.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.—He-verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywas B.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywas D.spoketohismotherthattheboywasaYou'vealreadygotwell,haven'tyou”sheasked.—Sheasked .ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn'tyou B.whetherIhadalreadygotwellhaveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember”—Heaskedme .amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberwhetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong”—Heasked .howamIgettingalong B.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong

C.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9.Heaskedme withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what'sthematterD.whatwasthematterHesaid,“Don'tdothatagain.”He me thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don'tdoC.toldme;don'tdoD.toldme;nottodoHeasked fortheHeasked fortheA.didIpayhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayCanyoumakesure A.whereAlicehasputC.whereAlicehadputThesephotoswillshowyouviolin.IpaidhowmuchD.howmuchIpaidthegoldringB.wherehadAliceputD.wherehasAliceputwhatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeD.howourvillagelookshowourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeYoucan'timaginepresents.A.howeywere whentheyreceivedYoucan'timaginepresents.A.howeywere whentheyreceivedtheywereexcitedtheseniceChristmashowexcitedthhowexcitedweretheytheywerehowexcitedhowexcitedweretheytheywerehowexcited shesaidsuggestedthatshehadn'tdecided togoornot.A.What,ifThat,whetherWhat,whetherA.What,ifThat,whetherWhat,whetherWhat,whichever16.I'llaskmyparents B.iftheyletmegoA.whethertheywillagreetogo

B.iftheyletmegoD.whethertheyallowC.iftheywillletmegoD.whethertheyallowmeto17.---DoyoumindifJimwillcometohelp---Ireallydon'tknowwith.---Ireallydon'tknowwith.apersonlikehimcanhelpmeA.whatB.thatC.howA.whatB.thatC.howD.ifHeaskedmeifthetrainwilllateedlateB.thetrainalwaysarrivC.thetrainarrivesontimeD.thetrainstopshereHeaskedmeifthetrainwilllateedlateB.thetrainalwaysarrivC.thetrainarrivesontimeD.thetrainstopshereItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)theItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)theworldleadinginventorforsixtyyears.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.hA.wouldbeD.wasadbeenD.was20. -Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon. WherewasI---You___youdidn'tlikeyourfather'sjob.A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying31.HeaskedmeIwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.how32.—Joyce,pleasedon'topenthewindow. —Pardon