大学生网上创业.外文翻译

..-..-可修遍-XX大学201７届本科毕业论文〔设计〕英文文献及翻译ResearchontheConstructionofCollegeStudents'OnlineEntrepreneurshipPlatform学生：XXXX所在系别：管理系所学专业：信息管理与信息系统导师：XXXX〔讲师〕完成时间：201７年4月12日..ResearchontheConstructionofCollegeStudents'OnlineEntrepreneurshipPlatformAbstract—AlongwiththetransformationofChina'seconomicstructureandthepopularizationofmasseducation,theemploymentsituationofuniversitystudentsisbeinggrimmer.Asanidealwayforuniversitystudentstotakeupanoccupation,theentrepreneurshiphasbeethefocusofattentiontothegovernment,societyanduniversity.However,therearesomeproblemsthatneedtobesolved.Startingfromthecultivationofuniversitystudents'innovationconsciousness,theconstructionofonlineventureplatformcouldcreatebusinessatmosphere,implemententrepreneurshipeducation,linkuptheentrepreneursandfirms,andbringabouttheprehensivedevelopmentofuniversitystudents'entrepreneurship.Keywords:collegestudents,entrepreneurship,platform,education I.THEBACKGROUNDOFCOLLEGESTUDENTS'ENTREPRENEURSHIPInrecentyears,undertheguidanceofcentralpolicyandthechangeoftheenvironmentofeconomicsandsociety,entrepreneurshiphasbeeoneoftheimportantemploymentchoicesforgraduates.Thus,entrepreneurshipforgraduateshasbeenintheactiveperiod.Graduateswouldhaveachievedagreatcareeriftheycouldseizetheopportunitiesunderthebackgroundofentrepreneurship.A.ThegrimemploymentsituationAftersuccessfullypletingstudies,mostofuniversitystudentsfacewiththechoiceofemployment.Thedevelopmentofeconomyandsocietyhasgreatlychangedtheemploymentsituationofuniversitystudents.First,after30yearsofrapidgrowth,China’sprehensiveeconomicstrengthleapttotheforefrontoftheworld,withsignificantlyenhancingthelevelofscienceandtechnologyandunceasinglystrengtheningtheinternationalpetitivenessoffirms.Allabovepromotethecontinuousoptimizationoftheindustrialstructure,constantlyupgradethetraditionalmanualindustry,developtheintensivetechnologyindustryandweakenthedemandofemployment.Secondly,aftertherapidgrowth,Chineseeconomyfaceswiththegrowthshiftwhichwillinevitablygiveemploymentgrowthtosomepressure.Finally,thenumberofcollegegraduatesisgrowingrapidly.AccordingtotheinformationreleasedbyChinaEducationOnline，thepopularizationofmasseducationinuniversitiesleadstotheincreaseofgraduatesfrom1140000in2001to7490000in2015[1].Thefactorsthathavechangedthestatewherethestateandgovernmentofferjobsforgraduatesincludetheadjustmentofeconomicstructure,thetransitionofindustrialstructureandthegrowthofthenumberofuniversitygraduates.So,theemploymentpressureincreasesfortheuniversitystudents.B.TheunprecedentedentrepreneurshipopportunityThenewtimegivestudentsthechanceofentrepreneurship.First,thegovernment,withthesocietyanduniversitiespaysattentiontouniversitystudents'entrepreneurship,formulatesaseriesofpreferentialpoliciesandmeasurestoassist,andrelievestaxation,fundingandchargesconsiderably.TakingChongqingforanexample,itismadeclearintheplanofsupportmechanismandimplementationforChongqingsmallmicroenterprise(TheChongqingmunicipalgovernment[2014]36)thatthesupportmechanismofthesmallandmicrofirmshasbeenlistedinthe25keyreformprojects.Thegovernmenthasformulatedaseriesofpoliciestosupportmicrofirms,reducethecostsofentrepreneurshipandstimulatecreativity.Tostrengthentheindustryguidance,supportpoliciesstipulatethatthemicrofirms,thatarefoundedinareaoffivemunicipalencourageinnovation(suchasscienceandtechnology,electronicmerce,energyconservationandenvironmentalprotection,culturalandcreative,andagriculture)andtheencouragedindustryofthecounty,canapplyforlessthan5millionyuanstart-upgrants(formerlyfinancialsubsidies)andamaximumof15millionyuanofbusinesssupportloansaftertwomonthsoftheregistration.Atpresent,theentrepreneurshipofuniversitygraduatesinChongqingcanobtainthemaximumsubsidyofuptonearly240000[2].Secondly,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheinternet,itsusersgrowrapidly.AsofJune2014,the34th„ChinaInternetdevelopmentstatisticsreport‟releasedbyNICshowedthatthescaleofChina'sInternetusershadreached6.32billion,withtheincreaseof1442millionparedwiththeendof2013,internetpenetrationratewas46.9%.So,onlineentrepreneurshiphasbeeonedirectionofuniversitystudents‟entrepreneurship.Thediversificationofentrepreneurshipchannelsnotonlyencouragesuniversitystudentstoachievetherealentrepreneurship,butalsoonlineentrepreneurship.II.THEGENERALSITUATIONANDMAINPROBLEMSOFCOLLEGESTUDENTS'ENTREPRENEURSHIPTheentrepreneurshipofgraduateshasbeethefocusofthewholesociety.However,onlywhenthemainproblemsbelowgetsolved,cantheentrepreneurshipofgraduatesdevelophealthily.Thecollegestudents'entrepreneurialdesireisstronger,butlessactualbusinessEntrepreneurshipistheimplementationprocessofentrepreneursfromwealthaccumulationtorealizethevalueoflife.Thepowerofexampleisendless.WhentheyknowotherentrepreneurscanquicklygrowuptobetheCEOofanenterprise,entrepreneurstaketotheroadoftheirownbusinessfromemployeestothebossstepbystep.Theygetsuccessquicklyfrompennilesstoasharpincreaseinwealthoreveninashorttimeearnthefirstbucketofgold.Therefore,moreandmorestudentsareeagertoentrepreneurship.FromDecember2014toMarch2015,byfacetofaceinterviewandnetworkinvestigation,wemadequestionnairestothegraduatesofChongqingTechnologyandBusinessUniversityandotheruniversities,inwhich691effectivequestionnairesweretakenback,46.16%ofcollegestudentshaveadesireforentrepreneurshipbutnobusiness.Only6.08%withentrepreneurialaspirationsandbeingentrepreneurial.Obviouslyforcollegestudentsentrepreneurshipisattractive.Howevertheseentrepreneurswhoarenotconfidentaboutitduetothelimitedknowledgeandexperiencearelessimplementationandlesssuccess.Datashowsourcountrycollegestudents'entrepreneurialsuccessrateofChinesegraduatesisonly2%~3%,farbelowtheaveragerateofentrepreneurialsuccess.B.Lowbusinesslevelandlow-techThroughtheinvestigation,Zhangfindsthataquarterofthestudentsbelievethatentrepreneurshipisnothingbutmakingmoney,whatevercareeryouchoose[4].Mostofcollegestudents'entrepreneurshipwhobehaveirrationallyandmuchblindnessstayinlow-techandapplylesstheirprofessionalknowledgetobusinesslikestreetvendorandsellingsmallmodities.Entrepreneurswhocannotfindtherightentrepreneurialopportunitiesintheirownfieldspaymoreattentiontohowtogetmoreeconomicbenefitsassoonaspossiblewithoutbiningwiththeirownexpertiseandentrepreneurship.Henceinpetitionwithotherentrepreneurswhodidnotplaytheirstrengthsresultinlow-techandpoorquality.C.WeakentrepreneurialabilityDuetolackofexperience,undergraduateentrepreneurshipwasnotsensitivetothemarketandmostcollegestudentswereeasiertofollowtheothersblindly.Therefore,theopportunitywasnoteasytobeminingandthepanywasnotarrangedandoperatedeffectively.Forthemajority,universitystudentpresentsstrongcapriciousness.Sincehadnolongtermplanandnotmanagedthepanyscientifically,collegestudentsweremorelikelytogiveupassoonasthepanybeeunprofitable.Furthermore,thethepoorabilitytouseresources,planprojectandimplementledtoalooseteamandinpetenceofleadershipwhichrestrictedthedevelopmentofenterprise.III.THEBENEFITTOESTABLISHONLINEENTREPRENEURSHIPPLATFORMFORCOLLEGESTUDENTSThroughonlineentrepreneurialplatform,studentscouldraisetheirinterestinentrepreneurship,getaidandguidanceaboutthepracticalproblemsintheprocessofentrepreneurship.A.Torealizetheeffectivenessofentrepreneurshipeducationparedwiththeentrepreneursofforties,fifties,collegestudents,asyoung,educatedgenerationinthesocietyhavenumerousadvantages.Firstly,theyhaveaquickprehensiontowardnewthingsandaregoodatlearningnewknowledgefromthesurroundingenvironment,especiallygettingtheinformation,knowledgefromtheinternet.Theyareeasytoacceptnewthingsandwillingtohaveatryfornewthingstheyareinterestedin.Moreover,theyhaveagreatpushtodowhattheywanttodowithoutbeingfetteredbyoldtradition.Secondly,throughstudyingfromtheprimaryschooltocollege,theyareequippedwithsystematicknowledgeandspecializedskill.Intheageof"Internet+〞,muchinformationcanbeobtainedfromtheinternetwhichisafieldcollegestudentsaregoodat.Theestablishingofentrepreneurshipplatformcanprovidethetrainingofentrepreneurshipknowledge,thepreferentialpolicyandchoiceofentrepreneurshipprojectandantherinformation.Bythisway,itcanseparateitselffromthetraditionaltheoreticalteachingmodelandatthesametimecanaddmoresimulationsandinteresting.B.ToadaptthelivinghabitofcollegestudentsWithenteringintheageofInternet,BigDataandCloudPlatformcreatemuchconnectionbetweenthelifeofcollegestudentsandtheinternet.Theonlinelibraryalsobeesanimportantmeasureforcollegestudentstoacquireknowledgeandreadonline.Moreover,theyshoponline,sendmessageonlineandmakefriendsonlineandsoon.Internethasbeenpenetratingthelifeofcollegestudentsandmakestheirentrepreneurshipnolongerbeconfinedinthereality.ForexampleinthewebsiteofChongqingcollegestudententrepreneurshipservice,thestudentscangettheonlineentrepreneurshiptrainingandeducationandmakefulluseoftheirscatteredtimetoacplishtheaccumulationofentrepreneurshipknowledgewithoutbeingrestrainedbythetimeandspace.C.TomakeuptheinsufficiencyofrealentrepreneurshippracticeIntherealentrepreneurshippractice,collegestudentarerequiredtoaseriesofformalitiestoberegisteredandthenneedsomemoneytorentashop.What‟smore,theyshouldhireamantomanagethisshop,stockupgoodsforcustomer‟schoosing.Theopeningtimeisalsorigidlyrestricted.However,startingbusinessonlinejustrequiressomesimpleregistrationsandisunnecessarytorentashopandhireaman.Youcanpurchaseyourgoodswhenreceivingtheorder,whichcanrealizethezerostockandlowerthecostsharply.Besidetheopeningtimecanbestretchedto24hours.Soitcanbeagoodwaytorealizetheentrepreneurshipthroughinternet.IV.CREATINGAHIGHQUALITYONLINEPLATFORMFORCOLLEGESTUDENTS’ENTREPRENEURSHIPToestablishanonlineplatformforcollegestudents‟entrepreneurshipisinurgentneedduetothemultipledevelopmentsofcollegestudents.Onlineplatformcannotonlyrealizetheentrepreneurshipinrealitybutalsoacplishthespaceandtimeforextendedbusinessaswellasgiveafullplaytotheadvantagesofcollegestudents.Tocultivatetheawarenessofcollegestudents’innovationandentrepreneurEntrepreneurshipisanadvancedactivitythatintegratedprehensiveapplicationofknowledgeandprehensiveability.Entrepreneurshipeducationwhichcanfosterinnovationandentrepreneurshipisthestrategictargetofcultivatingtalentsandtrainmoreseniorpersonnel.First,trainingstudentsthroughanonlinebusinessplatformcannotonlyjobsbutalsoentrepreneurship.StudentswhohaveinnovationconsciousnesswillbetheforceofpromotingChina'seconomicdevelopment.Secondly,innovativeentrepreneurshipeducationalsocanpromotetheeducationreformanddevelopmentofcollegesanduniversities.InMay2015theStateCouncilissuedthe"OpinionsonDeepeningtheReformofHigherEducationInnovationandEntrepreneurship"inwhichitclearlyrequirestodevelopresearchmethods,frontier,pioneeringfoundation,businessguidanceandotheraspectsoftheemploymentofpulsoryandelectivecoursesforallstudents.Thesecoursesshouldtobeincludedincreditmanagement.Theconstructionofthespecializedcoursegroupoftheinnovationandentrepreneurshipeducationshouldbeprogressive,organicconnectionandscientificandreasonable.Cultivatingstudents'innovativeundertakingconsciousnessistheneedsofthedevelopmentoftimes.B.CreatingthecultureandatmosphereofpublicentrepreneurshipTheentrepreneurialinformationcouldbepublishedthroughonlineplatformssuchasentrepreneurialforumsandentrepreneurialweb.Forexample,universitiescouldpublictheinformation,assessandguideentrepreneurialactivitiessuchasentrepreneurialplanningpetitionandinnovationtrainingprojectsforundergraduatesontheseplatforms..Ontheseplatforms,peoplecouldstudyanddiscussanyentrepreneurialtopic,thustheycanmakeprogresstogether.Therefor,entrepreneurialteamscouldbeestablishedmoreeasilybypeoplewhoalreadysharetheinterests,ambitionsandtopicsontheplatforms.C.InnovatingtheonlineteachingsystemofentrepreneurialeducationThetraditional"spoon-feeding"teachingmethodsemphasizetheimportanceofteachersandtheories,neglectedpracticeandtheinitiativeofthestudentswhichentrepreneurialeducationpaysattentionto.Entrepreneurialeducationalsofocuseson"one-on-one"andsmallgroupinstruction.Thus,entrepreneurialeducationshouldbetterjointhestrengthofschoolsandsocieties,whichcanbeattainedbythetheonlineteachingsystem.Throughthetheonlineteachingsystem,entrepreneurialeducationwouldbemorepracticalandlively,whichwillstimulatethestudents'enthusiasmforlearning.V.CONCLUSIONInthepracticeofentrepreneurialeducation,itismeaningfultocreateaonlineentrepreneurialplatformbinedwithstudents'characteristicsforundergraduateswhichhelpstocultivatetheculture,abilityofentrepreneurshipoftheundergraduates.wewilltakethesimulationsoftwareandthesimulationprojectasthestartingpoint,cooperatewithrelatedtechnologypanies,andbuildtheperfectframestructureusingthemodularform.Thoughtheseentrepreneurialplatforms,excellentstudententrepreneursandenterprisescouldbebined,whichnotonlyimprovetheentrepreneurialabilityofstudentsbutalsopromotethedevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterprises.Source:JiangY.ResearchontheconstructionofcollegeStudents'onlineentrepreneurshipplatform[C]//InternationalConferenceonCultivatingUndergraduateEntrepreneurshipandManagementEngineering.2015:p45-p48..大学生网络创业平台建立研究摘要随着中国经济构造转型和群众化教育的普及，大学生就业形势日益严峻起来。创业是一种缓解就业压力的理想方式，如今已经变成了政府、社会和大学高度关注的焦点，但是，这其中依然有不少问题亟待解决。建立网上创业平台可以培养商业气氛，加强大学生创业实践锻炼，培养大学生的创业意识，实现大学生未来创业更好的开展。关键词：大学生，创业，平台，教育一、大学生创业的背景近年来，在中央政策指导下和经济社会环境变化的双重作用下，创业已成为毕业生的重要就业选择之一，大学生的创业活动其间一直处于非常活泼的阶段。大学生如果能够抓住盯住市场变化，跟上政策走势，就能趁势而起，在创业的道路上更加容易取得成功。〔一〕大学生就业情况严峻大学生在完成学校的课程后，绝大多数要面临就业的压力。，但是中国经济社会的开展大大改变了大学生就业形势。首先，经过30年的快速开展，中国的综合经济实力跃居世界前列，科技水平大大提高，企业的国际竞争力不断提高，产业构造不断优化，开展技术密集型产业，客观上减少了大学生就业需求量。其次，经济实力的迅速增长，意味着中国经济已经面临产业构造调整的关口，一些行业产能过剩，减少用人量。这些都给大学生就业带来巨大的压力。最后，大学生人数还在快速增长。根据中国教育在线发布的信息，大学教育普及导致大学生人数从2001年的114万人增加到2015年的749万人，大学生数量的增长导致就业压力加大。〔二〕前所未有的创业时机新的历史机遇给了大学生创业的时机，各级政府大力支持，而且中国互联网也得到了巨大的开展。政府关注大学生创业，并制定一系列优惠政策，大力协助大学生创业，减免征税，资金和收费。以为例，小型企业〔市政府[2014]36号〕支持机制和实施方案明确规定，小微企业的支持机制已列入25个关键改革工程。政府制定了一系列扶持小微企业的政策，降低创业本钱，激发创造力。加强小微企业的行业指导，建立五个市区试点鼓励创新〔如科技，电子商务，节能环保，文化创意，农业〕的微型企业和鼓励县工业可以申请不到500万元的初创资金〔以前的财政补贴〕，经过两个月的登记后最多可以支付1500万元的商业支援贷款。目前，大学毕业生的创业扶持最高可达24万元。其次，互联网的迅速开展，用户数量快速增长。截至2014年6月，NIC发布的第34期"中国互联网开展状况统计报告〞显示，中国互联网用户规模到达6.32亿，同比增长1.442亿，互联网普及率为46.9％。所以网络创业已经成为大学生创业的一个重要方向。二、大学生创业的现状和主要问题大学生创业已成为全社会的重点，但是，只有当下面的主要问题得到解决时，大学生的创业才能真正的安康开展。〔一〕大学生的创业愿望较强，但实际业务较少创业是创业者财富积累的实现过程，实现自己的价值。例子的力量是无穷的，当他们知道其他创业者可以一步一步向老板迈进，迅速成长为一个企业的CEO时。他们从白手起家到财富的急剧增长迅速获得成功，甚至在短时间获得了第一桶金时，其他创业者就会变得斗志昂扬，坚决创业的目标。因而，越来越多的大学生渴望创业。从2014年12月至2015年3月，通过面对面访问和网络调查，对科技大学等大学毕业生进展问卷调查，其中有效问卷691份，占46.16％，大学生已经创业却没有生意。显然对于大学生来说，创业是有吸引力的。然而，由于知识和经历有限，对自己不了解的创业者，实施效果较差，成功率较低。数据显示，我国大学毕业生的创业成功率只有2％〜3％，远低于国际平均创业成功率。〔二〕业务水平低，技术含量低通过调查发现，无论选择什么行业，有25%的大学生认为创业只是赚钱。大多数大学生的创业选择不合理，盲目性很大。将专业知识用于街头小贩，销售小商品等业务