2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课英语专业英美文学2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析

2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课英语专业英美文学2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共75题)1.HowmanyseatsdoestheSenateoftheCongressoftheUnitesStateshave?______A.100.B.345.C.435.D.534.2.TheRedBadgeofCourage3.BeforeWorldwarⅡ,mostfamilywere______.4.Comprehensiveschools5.WhichofWilliamFaulkner'sworksimpressesyoumost?Why?6.LordofFlies7.Collage8.TheoriginalnativesofAustraliaare______.9.Imagism10.______introducedtheElizabethanageinhismasterpieceTheFaerieQueen,whichwasanodetoQueenElizabeth.A.EdmundSpenserB.WilliamShakespeareC.JohnMiltonD.ThomasGray11.Identifytheauthorofthefollowingquotation;______.

Thepuffofacoatimprisoning;

Afacekissingthewater-death

Awearyslowswayofalosthand

Andthesea,themovingsea,thesea.

Goodiscold.A.LangstonHughesB.EmilyDickinsonC.H.D.D.HuckFinn12.Maoritanga13.ShakespearewasamanofthelateRenaissancewhogavethefullestexpressionto______ideals.Hewasbornanddiedat______.14.OldEnglishwasfirstwritteninthe______alphabet.15.ShadowCabinet16.Whatisamarketeconomy?WhatroledoesAmericangovernmentplayinthedevelopmentofeconomy?17.DanglingMan18.WhatisWakefieldScheme?19.Americaneconomyisnowthelargestintheworld,producingroughly______ofthetotalworldoutput,whilecontainingonlyabout______ofthetotalworldpopulation.20.AnalyzeBritain'sattitudestowardsEuropeanUnionaftertheWar.21.ComparetheattitudestowardwomenoftwomalecharactersfromanytextsinSelectedReadingsinBritishLiteratureorSelectedReadingsinAmericanLiterature.Sufficienttextualinformationisrequiredtoillustrateyourviewpoints.22.WhataretheseparatethreestylesofAmericanPopularMusicsince1900tothe1950s?23.TheauthorofDeathofaTravelingSalesmanis______.A.EudoraWeltyB.ArthurMillerC.TennesseeWilliamsD.CarsonMcCullers24.TristramShandy25.WhichofthefollowingisnotafunctionofParliament?______A.Passinglaws.B.Supervisingthegovernment'sadministration.C.Receivingpetitionsfromcitizens.D.Formingagovernment.26.WhatarethemoststrikingfeaturesofHemingway'swritingstyle?27.WhatarethethreemainfactorsthatinfluenceCanadianeconomy?Pleasestatetheirinfluencerespectively.28.Theprairiesareflatandfeaturelessandhaveaharsh______climate.29.LyricalBallads30.TherearefivegradesofEnglishpeers(noblemen).Fromthehighesttothelowest,theyare______,______,earl,______and______.31.InAmerica,by1999about______ofwomenarereportedasemployed;today(in2010)thefigureisalmostA.30%;60%B.40%;60%C.50%;75%D.60%;75%32.ExchangeofpulpitsinAmericanchurchesindicatesthat______.A.thereisverylittleconcentrationondoctrineorreligiousargumentB.AmericanpeopleareeasilychangingtheirreligiousbeliefC.thereisheateddebateandargumentgoingonindifferentchurchesD.churchesandreligiousdenominationsareongoodterms33.Thebirthratehadjumpedbythelate1950s,thetimeofwhichinAmericaknownasthe______.34.Ofthefollowingworks,whichisnotwrittenbyJohnMilton?A.ParadiseLostB.MyAntoniaC.ParadiseRegainedD.SamsonAgonistes35.Nationalization36.WhenuniversaleducationwasimposedontheSouthernStates,whiteandblackchildrenlegallywenttodifferentschoolswhichwere"______".In1954theUSSupremeCourtoverturnedtheunfairdoctrine,dramaticallychangingthe______patternsofmodernUSeducation.37.ParadiseLost38.Buddhism,IslamandHinduismwerethenon-Christianreligions.TherewasasignificanceproportionalincreasewhenAustraliabecameamulti-culturalsocietyinthe______.39.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby______onthenominationof______.40.MyLastDuchess41.PleasegivethenamesofthetwoimportantfiguresinNewZealand'scolonialhistory.42.Britainisacountrywithahistoryofinvasions.In43ADBritainwasinvadedby______,inthelate8thcenturytheyexperienced______raidsfromScandinaviaandinthelate11thcenturytheysufferedinvasionsfrom______.43.Inordertostimulatethedevelopmentof"value-added"industries,Canadaengagedin______.44.WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsoftheProtestantsect?45.______areofficialsworkingingovernmentdepartmentsandministrieswhoseappointmentsareindependentofthepoliticalprocess.46.Author______Title______

ForhavinglivedinWestminster—howmanyyearsnow?overtwenty—onefeelseveninthemidstofthetraffic,orwakingatnight,Clarissawaspositive,aparticularhusk,orsolemnity;anindescribablepause;asuspense(butthatmightbeherheart,affected,theysaid,byinfluenza)beforeBigBenstrikes.There!Outitboomed.Firstawarning,musical;thenthehour,irrevocable.Theleadencirclesdissolvedintheair.Suchfoolsweare,shethought,crossingVictoriaStreet.47.ThelargeststateinAmericaintermsofareais______andthelargeststateintermsofpopulationis______.48.Watergatescandal49.WhatwerethethreeareasofpolicyofMulticulturalismin1989?50.TheChurchofEngland,alsocalledthe______Church,isoneofthemany"Protestant"sectswhichbrokeawayfromthemoreancientandmore______RomanCatholicChurchduringtheReligious______.Itstemporalheadisthe______,andtwenty-sixofitshighestpriestssitintheHouseofLords.51.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutRobinsonCrusoe?A.Itiswrittenintheautobiographicalform.B.ItisarecordofDefoe'sownexperience.C.Robinsonspends28yearsofisolatedlifeontheisland.D.Itissetinthemiddleofthe17thcentury.52.WhowasthefirstUSPresidentresignedfromoffice?______A.AndrewJohnson.B.GeraldFord.C.RichardNixon.D.JimmyCarter.53.WhichofthefollowingworkisNOTwrittenbyJohnMilton?A.ParadiseLostB.ParadiseRegainedC.JuliusCaesarD.SamsonAgonistes54.Avant-garde.55.About______ofthepopulationlivewithinafewhundredkilometersoftheCanadian-Americanborder.A.50%B.60%C.70%D.90%56.______isthemostenduringreligioninAustraliatoday.57.WhatimpactdidcolonizationhaveontheindigenouspeopleofAustralia?58.ThecapitalofScotlandis______,whichiswellknownforitsnatural______.59.TheSchoolforScandal60.GothicRomance61.WhatarethecausesoftheNorthernIrelandissue.'?IsNorthernIrelandAssemblyasatisfactorysolution?62.ThomasPynchonhascreatedTheCryingofLot49,Gravity'sRainbow,and______.A.TheNakedlunchB.V.C.OntheRoadD.Lolita63.IntheUnitedStates,______isaleadingcommercialcropintheSouth.A.cottonB.tobaccoC.peanutD.apple64."HemingwayHeroes"65.InwhichofthefollowingperiodsoftheEnglishlanguagedidWilliamShakespearewrite?A.OldEnglish.B.MiddleEnglish.C.LateMiddleEnglish.D.ModemEnglish.66.TheWaves67.TheCantosconsistsof______poems.A.108B.110C.117D.11868.TheprincipalauthorofDeclarationofIndependencewas______.A.JohnAdamsB.BenjaminFranklinC.ThomasPainD.ThomasJefferson69.TheHadrian'sWall70.DuetoCanada'smilitaryvulnerability,Canadianpolicy-makershavehadagreatinterestinpromoting______and______amongnations,withCanadaplayinganactiveroleininternationalorganizationssuchasthe______,the______andLaFrancophonie.71.WilliamBlake72.WhatisthesignificanceofTheSenecaFallsDeclaration?73.Anglicanismisoneofthemanyformsof______.A.ChristianityB.ProtestantismC.CatholicismD.Presbyterianism74.JohnBunyan75.Orlando第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：A[解析]国会是美国立法机构，由众议院和参议院组成；其中众议院共有435个席位，而参议院共有100个席位。2.参考答案：ItisanovelwrittenbyStephenCrane.3.参考答案：patriarchal[解析]二战前，大多数家庭都是父权制的。4.参考答案：Comprehensiveschoolsarethemostpopularsecondaryschoolsintoday'sBritain.Insuchschools,allstudents,regardlessofability,areprovidedwithageneraleducation.Atfirst,theycanstudyawidevarietyofsubjectsfromacademiconestopracticalones.Aftertwoorthreeyearstheymaystudyonlythesubjectsthattheylikebest.Nowadays,anynewideasineducationarebeingtriedout,andcomprehensiveschoolsvarywidelyinBritain.5.参考答案：LightinAugustimpressesmemost,foritisanexplorationofracialconflictinthesocietyoftheSouthernUnitedStates.Christmas'racialidentity(orlackthereof)isonlyapartofalargerthemeofidentity.ToChristmas,hisNegroblood,asdefinedbythebehaviorofotherstowardhim,representsasortoforiginalsinwhichhastaintedhisbodyandactionssincebirth.Blacknessisconnectedwithabyss-likeimageryandasortofimpurityandseparatenessfromGod.ThisisespeciallytroublesomefortheEuropean-appearingChristmas,whohasnoactualconfirmationofhisAfricanlineage.Christmasliveshislifealwaysontheroad,runningfromwhitesocietieswhichhebelieveshedoesnotbelongin.Hehatestheseseeminglypuresocietiesduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthedepthsofhisirremovabledamnation.Hissupposedracialidentityseemstobeasecretthatheabhorsaswellascherishes;heoftenwillinglytellspeoplethatheisblack,asheseemstoenjoytheirastonished,pitying,orhate-filledreactions.[解析]本题考查福克纳的小说，考生可以从他的小说中任选其一进行作答。6.参考答案：AnovelwrittenbyWilliamGolding.7.参考答案：Collageisaworkassembledwhollyorpartlyfromfragmentsofotherwritings,incorporatingallusions,quotationsandforeignphrases.Originallyappliedtopaintingswithpasted-onelements,thetermhasbeenextendedtoanimportantkindofmodernistpoetryofwiththemostsignificantexamplesaretheCantosofEzraPoundandT.S.Eliot'sTheWasteLand.8.参考答案：theAborigines[解析]澳大利亚的本土居民是土著人。9.参考答案：ImagismisaliterarymovementlaunchedbyBritishandAmericanpoetsearlyinthe20thcenturythatadvocatedtheuseoffreeverse,commonspeechpatterns,andclearconcreteimagesasareactiontoVictoriansentimentalism.Poundisconsideredtobetheleadpoetofthetime.10.参考答案：A[解析]《仙后》是英国诗人埃德蒙·斯宾塞于1509年出版的史诗，诗中的形象具有象征意义，仙后格罗丽娅娜意为“荣耀”，象征伊丽莎白女王。11.参考答案：D[解析]斯蒂芬·克莱恩(StephenCrane)，1871-1900，美国著名文学家。在他短暂一生中，创作了许多优秀著作，其中长篇小说《红色的英勇标志》(TheRedBadgeofCourage，1895)奠定了他在美国文坛上不可动摇的地位。克莱思同时也是一位诗人，曾发表过《黑骑者》(TheBlackRiders，1895)和《战争是仁慈的》(TheWarisKind，1899)两部诗集。他的诗写法自由，不顾传统的音节和韵律，风格朴质简洁，常常通过寓言式的意缘揭示生活的某个真理。12.参考答案：MaoritangaistheMaoriwordfor"Maoriculture".ItreferstoalltheelementsoftherichculturalheritageoftheindigenouspeopleinNewZealand,includingtheirlanguage,customsandtraditions.13.参考答案：humanist；Stratford-upon-Avon[解析]莎士比亚是文艺复兴后期的戏剧家和诗人，他在作品中充分表达了人文主义的思想。他出生和逝世于埃文河畔斯特拉福。14.参考答案：Roman[解析]古英语最初是用罗马字母书写的。15.参考答案：ShadowCabinetisthefrontbenchoftheofficialparliamentaryoppositionparty.ItistheShadowCabinet'sresponsibilitytopasscriticismonthecurrentgovernmentanditsrespectivelegislation,aswellasofferingalternativepolicies.Itseekstopresentitselfasanalternativegovernmentforthenextgeneralelection.ALabourshadowcabinetwouldbebasedonmemberselectedbytheparliamentaryLabourParty,whilstaConservativeshadowcabinetisappointedbythepartyleader.16.参考答案：Inamarketeconomy,thelawofsupplyanddemandgenerallyregulatesprices,wages,theallocationofgoodsandservices,andtheemploymentofresources.Thiseconomicsystemhastheadvantagethatdecisionsaremadefreefromcentralcontrolandareinresponsetotheexpressedwishesofconsumers.Thedesireofconsumersforagivenproductwillinducebusinessfirmstoproducetheproduct,solongasitcanbringaprofit.IntheUnitedStates,acompetitivemarketeconomyisoperated.

However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthefederalgovernmentdoesn'tholdanyresponsibilityoftheeconomicactivities.AmericangovernmenthasalwaysbeenplayingakeyroleinthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.Itregulatesbusinessaffairsandensuresfaircompetitionthroughitspowerofmacro-regulation.Italsohelpsachieveitseconomicgoalsbyusingitsbudget.Besides,thegovernmentregulatesbusinessesaffectedwithpublicinterestthroughitsgrantedpower.Onthewhole,thegovernmentplayedanimportantroleinpromotingeconomicdevelopmentandimprovingthegeneralwelfareofAmericans.ThoughtheUSnowhasa"freemarket"system,theinvolvementofthefederalgovernmentis"indispensable.17.参考答案：ItisanovelwrittenbySaulBellow.18.参考答案：WakefieldSchemewasdevisedbyEdwardWakefield,aconvictandtheoristoncolonization,tosolvetheproblemoflaborshortageincolonialAustralia.HisproposalonthedevelopmentofcolonialAustraliawasthatlandshouldnotbefreelyandcheaplyavailable.Itshouldbesoldatsufficientpricetoensurethatonlymenofcapitalcouldaffordit.ThemoneyearnedfromsellinglandshouldbeusedtoassistselectedfreemigrationtoAustralia.19.参考答案：25%；5%[解析]美国经济目前位于世界首位，占世界总生产量的25%，而人口只占世界人口的5%。20.参考答案：Ingeneral,Britain'sattitudestowardsEuropeanUnionchangedfromisolationtointegration.

(1)AtfirstBritainwishedtoremainindependentwhenEuropebeganaprocessofreducingnationaldifferencesandofunionintoonecommunityaftertheWar.(2)Butwithhermajorally,theUnitedStates,abandoningherduringtheSuezcrisisin1957,sheturnedtotheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)in1962.ThoughfirstlyrejectedasconsideredtooindependentbytheFrenchleader,CharlesDeGaulle,BritainjoinedtheEECin1973afterDeGaulle'sdeath.(3)Onthewhole,theBritishviewtowardstheirmembershippositivelyalthoughthechangesfromtheoldBritishsystemofmoney,adoptionofthemetricsystemandtheEEC'srestrictiveagriculturalpoliciescauseddiscontent.(4)AstheEECmovesfurthertowardanation-stateofEuropewithacommoncurrencyandgovernment,tensionscanbeexpectedtoincreasefortheBritishresistfurthererosionofnationalindependence.21.参考答案：InAWomanonaRoof,Tom'sattitudetowardsfemaleisquiteambigious.Wrestlingwithhissexualdesire,Tomismostlyinteriorandsecretiveinhisreactions.Uponnoticingthesunbather,hegrinsexcitedly,creatingdetailedfantasiesaboutheraffection.Hewantstoshowdetachmentfromothersbutdefendsherstronglyfromtheviciouscriticismofhiscompanions.Unfortunately,Tomviewshimselfasanoutsider,peeringintothewoman'sintimatespacebuthefeelstooinsecuretogocloseandtalktoherinreallife,justasshehasnoideaaboutwhatisgoingoninhishead.

InRobertBrowning'sMyLastDuchess,theduke'attitudetowardshisloverisnothingbutpossessionthatmakesthemenfeelcompletenotlove—"Igavecommands."Themaninthepoemappearstobeinsecureandpossessive.Heisunabletodealwithhisfeelingsrealisticallyorproperly.Thedukedisregardsthewomen'sfeelingsandphysicalwellbeinginfavorofhisownselfishlove[解析]本题要求考生比较英美文学作品中男性主人公对女性的态度，并加以例证。注意这里所要求的参考书目。这里选取的是多丽丝·莱辛的小说《屋顶丽人》和勃朗宁的《我已故的公爵夫人》。22.参考答案：From1900tothe1950s,Americapopularmusicwasdividedintothreeseparatestyles,eachhasitsownperformers,musicalcontent,andaudience.

Thefirststylewascalled"pop",anditservedmostAmericans.Popsongscamefrommovies,Broadwaymusicals,andpopcomposers.Thesongsweremainlysimplemelodieswhoselyricswereaboutlove.Theywereplayedbybandsindancehalls,restaurants,nightclubs,andonradio.

Thesecondstyle,"rhythm-and-blues,"camefromthebluessungbyblackperformersalongwiththefastdancemusicthathadgrownoutofragtimeandboogie-woogie.ItwasthepopularmusicoftheAfrican-Americans,playedandsungintavernsandclubsorlistenedtoonrecordsinjukeboxes.Twoofthemostpopularrhythm-and-bluesperformsofthe1940sandearly1950swereChuckBerryandB.B.King.

Thethirdstyleisnowcalled"country-and-western,"butbeforeWorldWarⅡ,itwasoftencalled"hillbilly"music.ItincludesthecommercializedfolkmusicoftheruralSouthandthecowboymusicoftheSouthwest.ThemaincenterofthemusichasalwaysbeenNashville,Tennessee.Itisperformedlargelybysoloistsaccompaniedbyguitarandsometimesbyhornsandarhythmsection.Thepopularsingersofthe1950sincludedHankWilliamsandJohnnyCash.23.参考答案：A[解析]尤多拉·韦尔蒂(EudoraWelty)，1909-2001，美国著名女作家。《巡回推销员之死》(DeathofaTravelingSalesman，1936)是她的作品。

田纳西·威廉姆斯(TennesseeWilliams)，1911-1983，20世纪美国最重要的剧作家之一。他于1948年及1955年分别以他的《欲望街车》(AStreetcarNamedDesire)及《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》(CatonAHotTimRoof)赢得普利策戏剧奖。除此之外，《玻璃动物园》(TheGlassMenagerie)在1945年以及《大蜥蜴之夜》(TheNightoftheIguana)在1961年拿下纽约戏剧评论奖(NewYorkDramaCritics'CircleAward)。1952年他的《玫瑰刺青》(TheRoseTattoo)获得东尼奖最佳戏剧的殊荣。24.参考答案：AnovelwrittenbyLaurenceSterne.25.参考答案：D[解析]议会的职能包括：通过法律、监督政府以及接收公民的申诉状，不包括组成政府。D项为正确选项。26.参考答案：Hemingway'swritingstylecanbesummarizedinhis"theoryofomission".Hemingwayoutlinedhis"theoryofomission"or"icebergprinciple."Hestates:"Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabouthemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofmovementoftheicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.Thewriterwhoomitsthingsbecausehedoesnotknowthemonlymakeshollowplacesinhiswriting."[解析]海明威的写作风格主要体现在他的“冰山理论”之证，考生可以从这个方面进行作答。27.参考答案：ThethreemainfactorsthatinfluenceCanadianeconomyincludeCanada'sgeographyandpopulation,itsneighbortheUnitedStatesandtheinterventionoftheFederalgovernment.①TheeconomyisinfluencedbyCanada'sphysicalgeography,whichisrichinnaturalresources.Thehugesizeandsmallpopulationhasmadeextractingandtransportinggoodstomarketsdifficult.②Thesecondinfluenceisitsneighbor,theUnitedStates,whichhasamuchmorepowerfuleconomyandalargermarket.AsmostCanadiansliveclosetotheCan-Amborder,tradehasnaturallydevelopedacrosstheborder,ratherthanbetweenprovincesandregions.③Thethirdinfluenceisgovernmentinterventionism:federalgovernmentshaveconstantlyintervenedinthedevelopmentofthecountry'sresourcesandinfrastructure,ratherthanallowingmarketforcestoplayarole.28.参考答案：continental[解析]该地区平坦而无特色，具有严酷的大陆性气候。29.参考答案：AcollectionofpoemswrittenbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge.30.参考答案：duke；marquis；viscount；baron[解析]英国贵族分为公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵、男爵五个等级。31.参考答案：D[解析]到1999年，据报道已经有60%的妇女在工作，到2010年则有75%的妇女在工作。32.参考答案：A[解析]美国是一个重视宗教自由的国家，宗教信仰具有很大的多样性。实际上，美国许多宗教教派在信仰上的差异已越来越模糊，而各个教派并不在乎这一点，而且还有牧师交换讲坛的活动。33.参考答案：“babyboom”[解析]这个时期的出生率上涨，被称为“婴儿潮”时期。34.参考答案：B[解析]《我的安东尼娅》(MyAntonia)是美国现代女作家薇拉·凯瑟(WillaCather)以内布拉斯加大草原为背景的一系列拓荒小说中最成熟的一部。小说一共五章，由叙述者吉姆·伯登(JimBurden)的回忆构成。安东尼娅是吉姆童年的伙伴，她的家人从波西米亚漂洋过海来到内布拉斯加草原拓荒，父亲因不适应边疆艰苦生活而自杀，年少的安东尼娅勇敢地承担起生活的重任，像个男子汉一样在田地干活，后来到黑鹰镇帮工，期间被诱骗怀孕，遭到情人的遗弃。面对各种困境和厄运，安东尼娅没有丧失生活的信心，她重新回到草原生活，坚强地克服一个又一个难关，终于在大草原上建立起一个令她自豪的家，养育了一群健康可爱的孩子。35.参考答案：NationalizationreferredtoanextensiveprogramcarriedoutbytheLaborpartywhocameintopowerinthegeneralelectionofJuly1945.Thegovernmentreachedsuchimportantachievementsasthenationalizationofthehospitals,oftheBankofEnglandandofmanyindustriesincludingcoalin1946,electricityin1947andtherailwaysin1948.Theprogramplayedasignificantroleinthecountry'seconomicrecoveryfromthecrisiscausedbytheSecondWorldWar.However,inBritain'smixedeconomy,nationalizedindustriesaccountforjusttenpercentoftheGrossNationalProduct,eightpercentofallemployeesandyetalmosttwentypercentoftotalindustrialinvestment.36.参考答案：separatebutequal；racial[解析]过去黑人和白人小孩上学去的是不同的学校，直到1954年，美国最高法院推翻了这一不公平的体制，彻底改变了现代美国教育的种族分离模式。37.参考答案：AnepicpoemwrittenbyJohnMilton.38.参考答案：1970s[解析]19世纪中期，在澳大利亚的佛教，伊斯兰教和印度教有小幅度的发展，20世纪初由于种族歧视而有所减少，20世纪70年代澳大利亚变为多元文化后，信仰这些宗教的人数比例有了显著的增长。39.参考答案：thePresident；theParliament[解析]爱尔兰总理是通过议会提名并由总统任命产生的。40.参考答案：ItisapoemwrittenbyRobertBrowninginthe19thcentury.41.参考答案：AbelTasman；JamesCook[解析]荷兰人AbelTasman在1642年登上新西兰，将这片土地命名为StatenLand。1769年，英国人JamesCook到达新西兰，同当地土著毛利人达成交易，宣布这片土地归英国所有。42.参考答案：theRomanempire；Vikings；theNormans[解析]公元43年至公元410年，罗马入侵英国，英国沦为罗马的一个省。8世纪末，北欧海盗不断骚扰英国。1066年，英国又遭受了诺曼人的入侵。43.参考答案：protectionistpractices[解析]为了刺激“增值”产业，加拿大采取了贸易保护主义的做法。44.参考答案：ThereareagreatnumberofProtestantsects,suchastheChurchesofChristandtheInternationalConventionofDisciplesofChrist.TheyemphasizethattheBibleisthesourceandnormoftheirteaching.Andtheyexpressvarietyinsteadofdoctrinalschism.45.参考答案："Publicservants"[解析]公务员是指在政府部门工作的官员，对他们的任命不受政治程序的影响。46.参考答案：VirginiaWoolf,Mrs.Dalloway[解析]《黛洛维夫人》(Mrs.Dalloway)是弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙于1925年发表的意识流小说，描述了女主人公卡拉丽莎(Clarissa)一天的生活，作者尤为详尽地描述了主人公在黛洛维夫人家中晚会的一言一行。文章节选片段中出现的人名和地名正是解题的关键所在。47.参考答案：Alaska；California[解析]阿拉斯加州位于美国西北太平洋沿岸，是美国面积最大的州；加利福尼亚州位于美国西部，是美国人口最多的州。48.参考答案：TheWatergatescandalwasapoliticalscandalintheUnitedStatesinthe1970s,resultingfromthebreak-inintotheDemocraticNationalCommitteeheadquartersattheWatergateofficecomplexinWashington,D.C.EffectsofthescandalultimatelyledtotheresignationoftheUnitedStatesPresidentRichardNixononAugust9,1974.ItalsoresultedintheindictmentandconvictionofseveralNixonadministrationofficials.49.参考答案：In1989Multiculturalismwasidentifiedascomprisingthreeareasofpolicy:①CulturalIdentity,whichmeanstherighttoexpressandshareone'sculturalheritage;②SocialJustice,therighttoequaltreatmentandopportunity;③EconomicEfficiency,theneedtomaintainanddeveloptheskillsofallAustraliansregardlessoftheirbackgrounds.50.参考答案：Anglican；orthodox；Reformation；KingorQueen[解析]因教皇不同意其离婚的要求，英王亨利八世发动宗教改革，与罗马天主教决裂，宣布英国圣公会为国家教会；国王或女王是英国圣公会的世俗领袖。51.参考答案：B[解析]《鲁宾逊漂流记》(RobinsonCrusoe)并非作者笛福的亲身经历。52.参考答案：C[解析]RichardNixon尼克松，美国第37位总统；1974年，他因“水门事件”被迫辞去总统之职，成为美国历史上第一个为了躲避国会对其滥用职权进行制裁和定罪而辞职的总统。53.参考答案：C[解析]弥尔顿的代表作为《失乐园》、《复乐园》以及《力士参孙》。

《尤利乌斯·凯撒》(JuliusCaesars)是莎士比亚以罗马故事为题材的三出戏之一，这部作品写品格高贵但不切实际的勃鲁托斯(AntonyBrutus)，因执着于共和主义理想，受人利用，参与了杀害凯撒的阴谋，造成国家与个人的悲剧。勃鲁托斯是莎士比亚笔下那种符合人文主义理想的人。有人称勃鲁托斯为“胚胎状态中的哈姆莱特”：他们都经常动摇在思想与行动之间。勃鲁托斯是一个具有承担重担素质的人。他意志坚定，头脑冷静。构成他行动的最大障碍的是他性格中有过多的善良成分。他想斗争，而又不希望流血，这就构成了一个无法解决的矛盾。这也是他内心不安与骚动的主要原因。54.参考答案：Avant-gardeisoriginallyaFrenchmilitaryandpoliticaltermforthe"advanceguard",andextendssincethelate19thcenturytothebodyofartistandwriterswhoarededicatedtotheideaofartasexperimentandrevoltagainsttradition.55.参考答案：D[解析]约90%的人口生活在距离加美边境只有几百公里的范围之内。56.参考答案："TheDreaming"or"TheDreamtime"[解析]“梦创信仰”是来自古代的一种信仰体系，正是这种信仰体系把不同部落的土著居民联系在了一起。“梦创信仰”是澳大利亚这片土地上最古老的宗教。57.参考答案：Theindigenouspeopleweredispossessedofthelandtheyhadlivedonfortensofthousandsofgenerations.Theywerekilledinviolentskirmishesandmassacres.Theycontractedthediseasesbroughtbythewhitesettlersandasaresult,theirpopulationfelldrastically.58.参考答案：Edinburgh；beauty[解析]苏格兰首府爱丁堡是一个历史悠久、风景秀丽的文化城市，素有“北方雅典”之称，还有“欧洲最美丽城市”之誉。59.参考答案：ItisacomedywrittenbyRichardBrinsleySheridaninthe18thcentury.60.参考答案：Gothicromance,typeofnovelthatflourishedinthelate18thandearly19thcenturyinEngland.Gothicromancesweremysteries,ofteninvolvingthesupernaturalandheavilytingedwithhorror,andtheywereusuallysetagainstdarkbackgroundsofmedievalruinsandhauntedcastles.CharlotteBrontë'sJaneEyreandDaphneduMaurier'sRebeccaareworksofthekind.61.参考答案：InNorthernIreland,thecausesofconflictsarethedividedloyaltiesandunequalopportunities.TheProtestantsandCatholicshavebeenfightingoneanotheroverreligiousandpoliticaldifferences.TheProtestants,adominantgroup,hopethecountrytocontinuetobepartofBritain,whiletheCatholics,whoareunhappywiththeEnglishrule,hopethecountrytobereunitedwiththeRepublicofIreland.AndtheCatholicsthinkthattheydonotenjoythesamechancesastheProtesta