UnitFirstaid（悦学知识）《悦读教材》英语一轮复习（人教）

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精Unit5Firstaid1。aid；fallillFirstaidisatemporaryformofhelpgiventosomeonewhosuddenlyfallsillorgetsinjuredbeforeadoctorcanbefound。急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种临时的救助。(教材P33）★aid◆n.＆vt。帮助；援助；资助.常见的搭配withtheaidof。。。 在……的帮助下inaidofsth。/sb。 以支援或帮助某物/某人beagreataidtosb. 对某人有极大的帮助withtheaidofsb.＝withsb.'said 在某人的帮助下cometoone'said 来帮助某人aidsbwithsth以某物帮助某人aidsbin（doing)sth在某方面帮助某人aidsbtodosth帮助某人做某事☛Heaidedmeinbusiness/withmoney。他在事业上/金钱方面帮助我。☛Iaidedhertocontinueherstudy。＝Iaidedherincontinuingherstudy.我帮助她继续做研究。☛Oneofthestationstaffsawhewasindifficultyandcametohisaid。一位车站工作人员见他有困难,便过来帮忙。☛I'mcollectingmoneyinaidofstarvingchildren.为了帮助饥饿的孩子们，我正在筹款。aid一般用作不可数名词，意为“急救，帮助"；用作可数名词时,则意为“辅助性的工具"。【跟踪典例】（1）介词填空①Hegetsupveryearlyinordertoaidhismother________havingbreakfast.②Thankyouforaidingme________thework。③_____theaidofacompassthetravelercanfindhisbearings(方位）。④Hewastoobusytocome________myaid.⑤Theyarecollectingmoney______aidofrare。earthresearch。(2）完成句子①Thecollectionis________________。这笔募集的钱是用来救济盲人的。②Teachersgivetheirlessons________________.老师依靠电脑来授课.③Myprofessor________me________/withmystudy。我的教授帮助我继续作研究。④I'mcollectingmoney________________.为帮助饥饿的孩子们，我正在搞募捐。⑤________________，wehavemadegreatprogressthisterm。在老师们的帮助下，这学期我们已经取得了巨大的进步。⑥AnEnglish。ChineseDictionaryis________________inlearningEnglish.一本英汉词典是学习英语的重要帮手。【答案】（1)①in ②with ③With ④to ⑤in（2)①inaidoftheblind ②withtheaidofcomputers③aided；tocontinue ④inaidofstarvingchildren⑤Withtheaidofourteachers ⑥animportantaid★fallill◆生病☛Johnhasn'trecoveredyetsincehefellilllastweek。约翰上周生病了,尚未康复。☛Hewasjustfallingasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatthedoor.他正要入睡时突然有大声的敲门声。【归纳拓展】其中fall为连系动词，表示“变成；进入（某状态）”。fallasleep入睡，睡着fallbehind落后；掉队fallsilent安静下来falloff跌落falldown跌倒fallinlovewithsb./sth.爱上某人(某物）fallintothehabitof养成某种习惯【易混辨析】fallill/beillfallill：强调突然病倒，是短暂性动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用beill：表示生病的状态，是延续性动词短语，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用【跟踪典例】(1）用fallill，beill的适当形式填空①Havingbeenworkingtoohardinthelastfewmonths，he________suddenly.②Herhusband________foralongtimeandisunabletowork。(2）完成句子①Sincethebossofthecompany________,he________foralmostthreemonths.自从公司老板突然生病以来，他一直病着并待在医院里几乎三个月了。②Hedidn't________________inhisstudies.他不想在学习上落后。③He________________whenwementionedthissubject。当我们提到这个话题时他沉默了。④It’sveryeasyto________________smoking，butextremelydifficulttostop.养成吸烟的习惯很容易，但要戒掉却很难。⑤IfIhadn'tgotsoakedafewdaysago，I______________withflu。(fall)如果前几天我不淋雨，我就不会感冒生病。【答案】（1)①fellill ②hasbeenill（2)①fellillsuddenly；hasbeenillandstayedinhospital②wanttofallbehind ③fellsilent ④fallintothehabitof⑤wouldn'thavefallenill2.injuryOftentheillnessorinjuryisnotserious，butthereareothertimeswhengivingfirstaidquicklycansavelives。通常情况下这些患者的伤病都不太严重，但有些时候，给予紧急援助能挽救人的生命。（教材P33)◆n.[C,U］损伤；伤害☛Heescapedfromtheaccidentwithoutinjury。他从事故中逃脱而没有受伤。☛Thebestwayforaninjuryistoforgetit。遗忘是疗伤的最好药品.【归纳拓展】（1）dosb。aninjury（＝doaninjurytosb。）伤害某人beaninjury/injuriestosb。/sth。对某人/某物的伤害(2)injurev.使受伤；损害；伤害（感情)（3)injuredadj.受伤的theinjured伤员【易混辨析】hurt/injure/harm/woundhurt指肉体和心理的疼痛，如剧痛的创伤,或情感的伤害。injure指在意外事故中受伤，如骨折，摔伤等.harm指对人或事物造成危害,这种危害不一定是直接的，也

一定有疼痛。wound一般指严重的外伤,主要指在战场上受枪弹伤害。【跟踪典例】（1)用hurt/injure/harm/wound的不同形式填空/单项填空。①Smokinglesswon’t_________you.②InthewarofGazaarea，manyinnocentchildrenandwomen________intheheads.③Manypassengerswerebadly________intheaccident。④Hefelldownand_________hisarm。=5\*GB3⑤Icountmyselfluckytohaveescapedfromtheaccidentwithoutserious

。A。crimeB.disasterC.infectionD.injury(2)完成句子①With________________,there’snowaythathecanwinthegame。（injure)他左腿受伤了,他不可能赢得这场比赛.②Whatyousaidwas________________toherfame。你所说的有损她的名声.③After________inthefighting,hewascaughtinanaccidentandhiscar________buthehimselfwasnot________.在战斗中负伤后，他又发生了事故，汽车被损坏,但他自己并没有受伤.【答案】（1）①harm②wounded③injured④hurt=5\*GB3⑤D【解析】句意:我很荣幸没有受伤能够逃出了事故。此处指意外事故，故用hurt。（2)①hisleftleginjured②injury③beingwounded；wasdamaged；injured3.poisonpoisonousadj.有毒的Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease，poisonsandthesun'sharmfulrays.皮肤有三层,作为屏障可以防病、防毒、抵制太阳有害光线的侵害。(教材P33）◆n。毒药；有害之物vt.毒死；下毒；败坏。常见的搭配poisonone'smindwith.。.用……毒害某人的思想poisonsth.withsth。用……污染/伤害……poisonsb./sth。todeath毒死某人(物)☛Theseideasareapoisoninoursociety。这些思想是我们社会的祸害。☛Industrialwastesarepoisoningtheairofourcity.工业废弃物在污染着我们城市的空气。☛Someonlinegamesarepoisoningchildren’shealth，bothphysicallyandmentally。有些网络游戏在毒害孩子们的身心健康。【跟踪典例】完成句子①Somemushroomscontain________________。有些蘑菇含有致命毒素。②Hisdoghas________________。他的狗已被毒死。③Theyhavethreatened________________。他们威胁说要在这座城市的饮用水中下毒。④Doyoubelievethattelevision________________ofourchildren?你认为电视在毒害我们的孩子们的思想吗?⑤Theirminds________________。他们的头脑已经被金钱毒化了。【答案】①adeadlypoison②beenpoisonedtodeath③topoisonthecity'sdrinking④ispoisoningtheminds⑤hasbeenpoisonedbymoney4.overandoveragain反复；多次Forseconddegreeburns，keepclothscoolbyputtingthembackinabasinofcoldwater，squeezingthemoutandplacingthemontheburnedareaoverandoveragainforaboutanhouruntilthepainisnotsobad.对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉.需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上,这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。(教材P34）☛Myteacherhastoldmeoverandoveragainnottogetaddictedtocomputergames。我的老师已多次告诉我不要沉迷于电脑游戏。☛Hereadthepoemoverandoveragaintillhecouldreciteit。他一遍又一遍地朗读那首诗，直到他会背为止.【归纳拓展】（1)overandover一再,反复againandagain 反复，一再timeand(time）again 多次，一再(2)onceagain 再一次【跟踪典例】完成句子①Itoldthestudents________________tostudyhard.我一再告诉学生们要努力学习。②Ihavewarnedyou________________.我已多次告诫过你不要做那件事.③Theteachertoldus________________again.老师告诉我们再读一遍课文。【答案】①againandagain②overandoveragain/againandagainnottodoit③toreadthetext(once)5。inplace在适当的位置；适当Holdthebandageinplacewithtape。用胶布把绷带固定。（教材P35）☛Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。☛Idon'tthinkyoursuggestionquiteinplace.我认为你的建议不是很恰当。【归纳拓展】（1）inplaceof代替inone’splace在某人的位置上inthefirstplace首先outofplace不合适；在不恰当的位置fromplacetoplace到处(2）takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替takeone’splace就职位；代替某人的位置giveplacetosb。让位给某人【跟踪典例】完成句子①You'dbetterputthingsback________________。Otherwise，itwillbedifficulttofindthings。你最好把东西放回原处，不然很难找到。②Ithink________________toputforwardyourideasatthemeeting.我认为在会上提出你的观点是合适的.③Anfatalaccident________________atthiscrossthreeyearsago。这个十字路口三年前发生了一起死亡事故。④Hisartyclotheslook________________。他的奇装异服，在办公室里很不搭调。⑤Thegrown。upshadcoffeebutthechildrenwantedmilk_____.成人喝咖啡，而小孩子要的牛奶而不是咖啡。⑥Electrictrains________________steamtrainsinBritain。在英国，电气火车已经代替了蒸汽火车。⑦Incaseofmyabsence，________________？万一我不能来,谁来顶替我？【答案】①inplace②itinplace③tookplace④outofplaceintheoffice⑤inplaceofcoffee⑥havetakentheplaceof⑦whowilltakemyplace6。vitalIftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns，itisvitaltogetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce。如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。(教材P35)◆adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的。常见的搭配：bevitalto/for。。.对……很重要Itisvitalthat。..重要的是……(从句中谓语需用“should＋do”，should可省略）Itisvitaltodosth.做某事很重要beofvitalimportance至关重要的☛Thismatterisofvitalimportancetous。这件事对我们来说至关重要。☛It'svitalthatwe(should)carryouttheoperationimmediately.我们应立即开始手术，因为这是生死攸关的。【名师点津】 “Itisvitalthat＋主语＋（should）do”属于“Itis＋adj.＋that＋主语＋(should）do”句型，能够用于此句型的其他的常见形容词还有:important，essential，necessary,natural,strange等.【跟踪典例】完成句子①Yoursupport________ofmyplan。你的支持对我的计划的成功关系重大。②Itis________goodeducation。重要的是孩子们要受到良好的教育。③Accidentcanhappenanytime，anywhere；thereforeitisvital________insuranceonourcars.（have)事故可能随时随地发生,所以我们拥有汽车保险至关重要。④Itisstrange________.他来这里真有点怪。⑤Itisnecessary________。有必要他和我们一起去那里.⑥Itisvital________。使他的生活有序很重要。⑦Hissupportforourprojectis________.他对我们计划的支持是至关重要的.⑧Interestis________astheabilitytounderstand，evenmoreso。兴趣对于学习来说和理解力一样重要，甚至更重要。【答案】①isvitalto/forthesuccess ②vitalthatchildren(should)receive ③thatwe（should）have ④thathe(should)comehere ⑤thathe(should)gotherewithus ⑥tokeephislifeinorder ⑦ofvitalimportance ⑧asvitaltolearning7.knockover打翻；撞倒；撞翻Samknockedoverakettlefullofboilingwaterontohislegs.萨姆撞翻了一壶开水,洒在了腿上。（教材P35）☛Theboyhurriedtothedoortogreethismotherandknockedachairover.男孩匆匆忙忙去门口迎接母亲，把一把椅子撞翻了。☛ItwasJohnthatknockedoverthebottle。是约翰把那个瓶子打翻的。【归纳拓展】knockat/on敲(门、窗等）knockagainst撞到……之上knockinto与……相撞；偶然碰到(某人）knockdown撞倒；拆除knockoff停止；中断；降价knockout击败，把……敲出来，使昏迷【名师点津】knockover的宾语是名词时可放中间或后面,代词作宾语时必须放在knock和over之间。【跟踪典例】完成句子①Abigdogcamerunningroundthecornerand___________.一只大狗由街角跑来，把他撞倒了.②Inthefight,thethief________________thepoliceman。在格斗中,窃贼把警察打昏了。③________________atsixo'clockafterstudyingforfourhours。学习了4个小时后，我在6点停止学习了。④Inthedarknesshe________________something.在黑暗中他撞上了一样东西。⑤I________________anoldfriendofmineinthepark.我昨天在公园里碰见一位老朋友.⑥Someone________________________thedoor.有人在敲门.【答案】①knockinghimover/down②knockedout③Knockedoff④knockedagainst⑤knockedinto⑥isknockingat8.pickoff去除；剪掉；摘去；撕掉Herhusbandtookoffherblouseandpickedoffbitsoftheblousestucktotheburn.她的丈夫脱下她的衬衣，还把粘在伤口上的碎布拉了下来.(教材P35）☛Pickoffallthedeadleavesofftheflower.把这棵花上的枯叶全部摘掉.☛Don’tpickoffanyoftheflowers.这些花一朵也不要摘.【归纳拓展】pickup捡起，拾起;(偶然)学会;收听（节目等)；恢复；让人乘车，搭载pickout挑选出;认出来，辨别出【跟踪典例】(1)写出下列句子中pick短语的含义①I’mgoingtopickoutafewbookstosendtosomefriendsinSouthChina.________②Iamabletopickyouupontheshortwaveradio。________③Canyoupickouttherightone？________④Thechildrenpickedupmanyseashellsattheseashore.________⑤Hepickeduphiscryingchild.________⑥InthatwayI'llbeabletopickupsometheoreticalknowledgetoo.________⑦We’llsendtheambulancetopickhimup.________(2）完成句子①Theyare________________overtheradio.他们正从收音机上听新闻。②She________________theoldpictureonthewall。她把墙上的旧画撕了下来。③Thebus________________outsidetheairport.公共汽车在机场外接乘客。④She________________fromdozensofapplicantsforthejob.她从大批的求职者中被选中承担这项工作.【答案】（1）①挑选②收听③看出，找出④捡起⑤抱起⑥偶然学会⑦接走(2）①pickingupthenews②pickedoff③picksuppassengers④waspickedout9.presentJohnwaspresentedwithhisawardataceremonywhichrecognizedthebraveryoftenpeoplewhohadsavedthelifeofanother.在颁奖大会上,约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。◆vt.颁发，授予，赠给;呈献,呈递；呈现，展现☛Thecitypresentedanewlook.城市呈现出了崭新的气象。☛Thechildrenpresentedtheflowerstotheirteachers。孩子们给他们的老师献花。【归纳拓展】(1)presentsb。withsth。＝presentsth。tosb。把某物授予/颁发/赠给某人(2)presentadj。出席的，在场的（用作表语或后置定语）;现在的，当前的（作前置定语）(3）presentn。礼物，赠品；现在，目前【跟踪典例】（1）写出下列句子中present的含义①Thepresentheadmasterpresentedeachofthegraduatespresentwithadiploma.________②Theyaretalkingthepast，thepresentandthefuture.________③I'llmakeyouapresentofmyoldcar。________(2）完成句子①Themayor________________agoldcup.市长把金杯授予了获胜者。②Theheadmaster________theprizes________thewinnersoftheEnglishspeechcontest.校长把奖品颁给了英语演讲比赛获胜者.③Thechildrenunwrappedtheir________________withdelight.孩子们高兴地把圣诞礼物拆开。【答案】(1）①当前的；颁发；出席的；在场的②现在,目前③礼物（2)①presentedthewinnerwith②presented；to③Christmaspresents10.treatJohnusedthesetotreatthemostsevereinjuriestoMsSlade'shands.约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。◆vt。＆vi.治疗；对待;款待n。[C]款待；招待；请客☛Heisseriouslyill,andisbeingtreatedinhospitalnow.他病得很重,现在在医院接受治疗。☛Hetookustothecinemaasatreat。他请我们看电影。☛Mymothertreatedmyadviceasajoke.母亲把我的建议当玩笑看待。☛Letmetreatyoutoagoodmeal.我来招待你吃顿好饭。【归纳拓展】（1）treatsb。well/badly善待/虐待某人treat。.。as/like当作……来对待……treatsb.to..。请某人……；款待某人……(2）Thisis/It'sone'streat.某人请客.（3）treatmentn.对待，治疗undertreatment在接受治疗【易混辨析】treat/cure/heal(1）treat治疗,指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人,强调治疗过程。treatsb。forsth。医治某人的……病.(2）cure治疗,治愈,指病后恢复健康，后接表示疾病的名词或代词,多用于curesb.ofsth。“医治某人的……病”。另外，cure还可作“矫正，纠正”解,借喻消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。(3)heal（伤口或断骨）愈合，复原，多指创伤，也可指矛盾,分歧等。【跟踪典例】(1）写出下列句子中treat的词性及含义①Theinjuredchildrenarestillbeingtreatedinhospital。________②Whentheytreatmeasapersonwithself。discipline,Ishowmorewillingnesstolistentothem.________③Myfathertookmetothecircusasatreat。________（2)完成句子①ThiswasthefirsttimeI________________suchrespect。我是第一次受到这样的礼遇.②Whichdoctoris________________thistrouble？哪个大夫在给你治这个病？③Iamnowinmytwenties，butmyparentsstill___________。我现在20多岁了，但父母仍然把我当成孩子一样对待.④________________aglassofbeertohelpyourelax。自己喝杯啤酒放松一下吧。【答案】(1)①动词，治疗②动词，对待③名词，请客，款待(2）①hadbeentreatedwith②treatingyoufor③treatmelike/asachild④Treatyourselfto11.applyHeslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulancearrived.他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。◆vt.涂;敷；搽;应用;运用vi.申请；请求；适用；有效☛Thenurseisapplyingsomemedicinetohiswound.护士正在给他的伤口敷药。☛Youwouldpassyourexamsifyouappliedyourselftoyourstudy。如果你专心学习，你就会通过考试.☛Hewantstoapplyforthevolunteerwork。他想申请这份志愿者工作。☛Iwanttoapplytoworkasateacher。我想申请当一名教师。【归纳拓展】(1）applysth。tosth。把……贴、涂、敷在……上;将……运用到……上apply（tosb。)forsth。(向某人）申请某物applyto。.。有效，适用于……applyoneselfto（doing）sth。专心于；致力于……(2）applicationn.请求，申请;申请表；应用,运用;施用；敷用（3）applicantn.申请者,请求者【跟踪典例】（1)写出下列句子中apply的含义①Youmayapplyinpersonorbyletter。________②Atlastheappliedalittlewaxpolish(蜡光剂）。________③Thedoglyingontheroad，heappliedhisbrakequickly.________④Thenewdiscoverymaybeappliedinmedicine。________（2)完成句子①Youcan’t________________everycase。这个规则并不能适用于所有的状况.②Hewantsto________________forLondonOlympicGames。他想申请伦敦奥运会的志愿者工作.③Thenewcomer________________thejob。新来的职员工作专心致志.④Wehadto________________financialhelp.我们只好向政府申请财务援助。⑤Thegirl________________carefully.这个女孩在他的伤口上小心翼翼地涂上药.【答案】(1)①申请②涂;敷③使用④运用,应用（2）①applythisruleto②applyforthevolunteerwork③appliedhimselfto④applytothegovernmentfor⑤appliedmedicinetohiswound12。toomuch太多，过多。。.itpreventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater..。……它防止你体内的水分过多流失……☛Theworkismuchtoohardforus.这工作对我们来说太难了。【归纳拓展】(1)toomuch太多，过多，可作形容词，只能接不可数名词；如果要跟可数名词，只能用toomany.toomuch还可作副词,修饰动词；用作名词短语，作主语、表语或宾语。（2）muchtoo表示“……太……”,后面不能跟名词，只能跟形容词或副词。【跟踪典例】（1）完成句子①Perhaps causedthedinosaurstodieout。或许太多的争斗使得恐龙灭绝了。②Inwesterncountries，parentswouldnotliketheirkidsto others’help.在西方国家里，父母们不愿意自己的孩子太多地依赖别人的帮助。③Someparentsare 。一些父母对孩子实在是太严厉了.(2)单句改错Healwayschargesmetoomanyforhisgoods。 【答案】（1）①toomuchfighting②dependtoomuchon③muchtoostrictwiththeirchildren(2)many-——much13。belongto属于，归……所有Thetemplesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.被墙包围的庙宇属于当地政府。☛Don'ttakethingsthatdonotbelongtoyou.不要拿不属于你的东西.【名师点津】belongto属于，归……所有，无被动语态也不能用于进行时态。【跟踪典例】（1）用所给动词的正确形式填空Thereisnodoubtthattheseculturalrelics (belong）tothestateshouldbereturnedtotheirstate.(2）单句改错ChinaisacountrybelongstotheThirdWorld. 【答案】(1）belonging(2)belongs→belonging或belongs前加which/that14.anumberof若干;许多Heimmediatelyaskedanumberofnearbypeopleforbandages,butwhennobodycouldputtheirhandsonany，hisfathergotsometeatowelsandtapefromtheirhouse。他立即问旁边的一些人要绷带,但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。☛Anumberofproblemshavearisen。已经出现了许多问题.☛Wemetanumberofdifficultiesinthefirstweek.第一周我们遇到了很多困难.【归纳拓展】anumberof用来修饰可数名词的复数形式。在number之前可用great，large,small，good等修饰。该短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词需要用复数形式。表示许多的还有:【易混辨析】anumberof＋可数名词复数，谓语用复数,意为“许多，大量的……”thenumberof＋可数名词复数，谓语用单数，意为“……的数目”【名师点津】anamountof/aquantityof＋n。作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称形式.amountsof/quantitiesof＋n。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。【跟踪典例】(1）选词填空(anumberof，thenumberof）①________bookspublishedonthesubjectissimplyamazing.②________well.qualifiedteacherslefttheschoolrecently。③________teachersarepresenttoday，________whomis300.(2）完成句子①________problems________.出现了许多问题.②________tourists________tothiscity,but________touristattractions________.很多的游客来到这个城市，但是旅游景点很有限。③Theyhaveraised________________tohelpthepoor。他们已经募捐了大量资金救助那些贫困的人.【答案】(1）①Thenumberof②Anumberof③Anumberof；thenumberof(2）①Agreatnumberof；havearisen②Agoodnumberof；havecome;thenumberof;islimited③agooddeal/large/hugeamountofmoney15.putone’shandson找到；把手放在某处Heimmediatelyaskedanumberofnearbypeopleforbandages，butwhennobodycouldputtheirhandsonany，hisfathergotsometeatowelsandtapefromtheirhouse.他立即向附近的一些人要绷带，大家却都找不到，正在这时他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。☛Ican'tputmyhandsonanythingvaluable。我找不到任何有价值的东西。☛Haveyouputyourhandsonanyhelpfromher?你从她那里得到帮助了吗？【归纳拓展】(1）getone'shandson弄到;抓到byhand亲自athand在手边；即将来临inhand在手中；有关系ontheonehand.。。；ontheotherhand。。。一方面……；另一方面……（2)handdown把……传递下来handin交上；递交handover移送；移交handout分发（3）putaway放好;把……收起来putdown将……放下；写下；记下putoff推迟putup挂起；贴起;抬起;建起；为……提供食宿putupwith忍受【跟踪典例】(1）用适当的介词填空①I'llbringsometapesifIcanputmyhands________them.②Thereareshopsandbusesclose________hand。③Bucketsofwaterwerepassed________hand________handtoputthefireout。④Apotter（陶器匠)ismakingpottery________hand.⑤Thechildrenwalkdownthestreethand________hand.⑥________onehand，Ihavenotime;________theotherhand，Ihavenomoney.(2)完成句子①Yourremarksdonotbearonthematter______________。你的话和目前这件事没有关系。②Weshall________________thesewrittenstatementstothereporters.我们将把这些书面声明发给记者。③Fiftyyearslater，shefinally________________hermissingfamiliesinthewar。五十年之后，她最终找到了在战争中失散的家人.【答案】(1)①on②at③from；to④by⑤in⑥On；on(2）①inhand②handout③putherhandson/found16.makeadifference起（重要)作用；有影响;区别对待Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。☛Itmakesadifferencewhichyouchoose.你选择哪一个，事关重大。☛Exercisecanmakeagreatdifferencetoyourstateofhealth。锻炼会对你的健康状况发挥很大作用。☛—ShallwegoonFridayorSaturday?我们星期五还是星期六走？—Itmakesnodifference。我无所谓。【归纳拓展】（1)makeno/somedifference（tosb。/sth。）没有/有些作用、关系、影响makeallthedifference（tosb./sth。）关系重大；大不相同makeadifferencebetween区别对待（2）tellthedifference（between)辨别，区分【跟踪典例】完成句子①Itisn'twhatyouhavedonebutwhatyouwilldo_________。重要的不是你做了什么而是你将做什么。②Ahotbath________________inthemorning.上午洗个热水澡能让人精神振奋。③Icannever________________thetwins。我从来都分不清这对双胞胎.④That________________whatyousay.你说什么对我而言都没关系。⑤Imake$2,000aweek。60surelywon'tmake_________differencetome.我一星期赚2000美元。60美元真的不会给我造成多大的影响.【答案】①thatmakesadifference②makesallthedifference③tellthedifferencebetween④makesnodifferencetome⑤so/thatbig1。Soasyoucanimagine，ifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious。因此，你可以想象到,如果你的皮肤烧伤了,就可能非常严重. 本句为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在句中作宾语，指代的是“ifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious"。as在引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代替整个句子或一件事，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如……；就像……；据……”;可位于主句之前或之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开。☛Astheyexpected,everythinghasgoneverywell。正如他们所期望的那样,一切进展顺利。☛AsIsaidinmylastletter，I'mtakingtheexaminJune。我上次信里已经说过,我六月份要参加考试。☛Thehall，asisoftenthecase，becomesverycrowded.大厅里挤满了人，情况常常如此。☛Asisknowntoall，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。【归纳拓展】as引导的定语从句的表达方式有：aswecansee正如我们所看到的asweallknow我们都知道asisknowntoall众所周知asisreported正如报道的那样asisoftenthecase这是常有的事aswasmentionedabove正如上面所提到的【易混辨析】as/which引导的定语从句区别which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后,指代前面整个句子，多译为“这；这一点”as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，还可以分割主句,指代整个主句的内容，多译为“正如；正像”【跟踪典例】（1）用as，which填空①Hepassedtheexam,________madeusallhappy.②Hepassedtheexam，________wehadexpected。③Sheisverypatient,________isshowninherwork.（2）完成句子①Ilendyou________books________.我借给你使你感兴趣的书。②________________，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。③Thehall，________________，becomesverycrowded。大厅里挤满了人，情况常常如此.④Sheknewhefeltjust________________。她知道他的感觉与她自己一样。【答案】(1）①which②as③as(2)①such；aswillinterestyou②Asisknowntoall③asisoftenthecase④thesameasshedid2.Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.除非衣服粘在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉，必要时可使用剪刀。 ifnecessary如果有必要的话.它的条件状语从句ifitisnecessary的省略形式，现多作为固定搭配使用。☛fnecessary,pleasecometohimforhelp.如果有必要，就向他寻求帮助吧。☛Hesaidhewouldgotherehimself,ifnecessary.他说如果有必要的话，他将亲自去那儿。【归纳拓展】(1)if(itis）＋adj.如果……可省略itis,只用if＋adj。结构。ifso如果这样的话ifever如果曾经有的话ifnot如果不是的话ifany如果有的话ifpossible如果可能的话(2）在when,while，whenever，until，unless,if，as，asif，though，although等连词引导的状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句中的主语是it，且从句谓语中含有动词be时，则从句中主语和动词be常被省略。由after，before,because等引导的状语从句不能省略。Zx＊xk【跟踪典例】完成句子①________________，wewillcometoyourhelp.只要有可能，我们就来帮助你。②IwillhelpyoutorenewyourMini。Blog____________。如果有必要的话,我帮你更新微博。③________________abus，Iknockedintoanoldfriend。我在等车时碰到了一位老朋友。④Iwon'tgotoherparty________________.除非被邀请，否则我不会去参加她的聚会的。⑤________________，hestayeduplate。尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。⑥Herdaughterswereofsomehelp,________________。她的女儿们总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙.⑦Smilingpleasantly,thestrangerturned______________tome。那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身向我，似乎想对我说话。【答案】①Whenever（itis）possible ②ifnecessary ③Whilewaitingfor④unlessinvited ⑤Thoughexhausted ⑥howeversmall ⑦asiftospeak3.Firstaidisatemporaryformofhelpgiventosomeonewhosuddenlyfallsillorgetsinjuredbeforeadoctorcanbefound。急救是在能找到医生之前给突然患病或受伤的人提供临时形式的帮助. “get＋过去分词"有两种情况：①get代替be，实际上是一种被动语态，表示某一事件的发生，着重强调动作；②get与多数形容词化了的过去分词连用，构成系表结构,并非真正的被动，表示动作的结果。 getcaughtintherain被雨淋 getchanged换衣服 getdrunk喝醉 gethurt受伤 getkilled丧命 getlost迷路 getmarried结婚 getpaid得到报酬 getstuckinthemud陷到泥里 gettired累了【跟踪典例】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。=1\*GB3①He'llget________(punish）ifhegoesonlikethis.=2\*GB3②Nobodycangethim__________(work)hard.=3\*GB3③Telleverybodytoget__________(involve)thisactivity.=4\＊GB3④Sarah，hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimetoget_________(change）beforetheparty.=5\＊GB3⑤Theboygetshishorse__________（run）alldaylong.【答案】①punished②towork③involved④changed⑤running4。Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming。约翰正在他房里学习，突然听到尖叫声.本句使用了bedoing。。。when..。句式。此句式的意思为“正在……突然……",句中的when相当于andthen/andatthattime，连接两个并列分句。☛Iwasabouttogooutwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我刚想出门,这时有人敲门。☛Thethiefwasonthepointofputtinghishandintothelady'shandbagwhenthebussuddenlystopped.小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中,这时公共汽车突然停了.☛Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout。我刚坐下，突然灯灭了。【归纳拓展】when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中：Sb。wasdoingsth。when.。。某人正在做某事，就在这时……Sb。wasjustgoingtodosth。when。。.某人正要做某事,就在这时……Sb.wasabouttodosth.when。.。某人正要做某事，就在这时……Sb.wasonthepointofdoingsth。when...某人正要做某事，就在这时……Sb。had（just)donesth.when...某人刚做完某事，就在这时……【跟踪典例】（1）句型转换①ShewasthinkingabouttheproblemandatthistimeTompattedher.→Shewasthinkingabouttheproblem________Tompattedher.②Thepupilswereonthepointoflisteningtothetapeandwhentheteachercamein.→Thepupils____________________thetape________theteachercamein。（2)完成句子①Thepupils________________theelectricitywascutoff。学生们正在听录音，这时突然停电了。②Lily________study________someoneknockedatthedoor。莉莉正要学习，这时有人敲门.③He________________________hegotanother。他刚放弃了这个机会，这时他得到了另一个机会.④He__________________________thetelephonerang.他即将出去，这时电话响了。【答案】(1）①when②wereonthepointoflistening/wereabouttolistento；when(2）①werelisteningtothetapewhen②wasaboutto;when③hadjustgivenupthischancewhen④wasabouttogoout/wasonthepointofgoingoutwhen5.ItwasJohn'squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedMsSlade'slife.正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。本句使用的是强调句型结构,强调了主语John’squickactionandknowledgeofthefirstaid。（1）强调句型的结构为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分.当被强调部分为人时，可用who，当其作宾语时,也可用whom一般疑问句式：Be＋it＋强调部分＋that/who/whom＋其余部分？特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that/who＋whom＋其余部分？名词性从句的强调句：引导词＋it＋be＋that/who＋whom＋其余部分。（2）not...until。..句型的强调句:It＋be＋notuntil＋that＋其余部分.☛ItwasyesterdaythatImethiminthestreet。是昨天我在街上碰见他的。☛Itwasthegirlinredwho/thathelpeduswiththework.是那个穿红衣服的女孩在工作上帮了我们.【归纳拓展】（1）被强调的部分指人时，用who或that皆可，被强调的代词的格应与原句的格保持一致。被强调的部分如果是原句的主语,who或that后面的谓语动词在人称和数上应和原句的主语保持一致。被强调的部分是时间或地点状语时，不能用when或where而用that.（2)辨别强调句型的方法是:若原句去掉itis/was及that仍然成立，则是强调句,否则就不是。而强调谓语动词时,要用do，does或did.☛Whatisitthathewantstodo？他究竟想干什么？☛ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIfinishedthework。直到昨天我才完成工作。☛Hedidcomehereyesterday.昨天他的确来过。【跟踪典例】（1)单句改错①Itisyouwhoisright。________②ItwasalongtheMississippiRiverwhereMarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.________（2)用强调句型改写句子①Mymotheroftentellsmetobecareful。→________________________________________________________________________②Ididn'tgotobeduntiltwelveo’clocklastnight.→________________________________________________________________________【答案】（1）①第二个is→are②where→that(2)①Itismymotherwho/thatoftentellsmetobecareful②Itwasnotuntiltwelveo’clockthatIwenttobed。6.ThereisnodoubtthatJohn'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade'slife.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术使得斯莱德女士得救了。(1）句中that至句末是同位语从句，作doubt的同位语；helearnedatschool是定语从句,修饰先行词thefirstaidskills，关系代词that因在定语从句中作learned的宾语而被省去。（2）Thereisnodoubtthat.。.是固定句型,意思是“毫无疑问/肯定……"。☛Thereisnodoubtthattheywillcometohelpus.毫无疑问他们会来帮助我们的。☛Thereisnodoubtthatheisanhonestman。毫无疑问他是一个诚实的人.【归纳拓展】（1）当doubt为名词时,在否定句或疑问句中，其后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后接whether引导的同位语从句，注意此时不可以用if替换whether。（2）当其为动词时，若用在否定句或疑问句中,后面接that引导的宾语从句;若用在肯定句中,后接whether或if引导的宾语从句。(3)indoubt怀疑，拿不定主意no/without/beyond/outofdoubt无疑地,必定,毫无疑问【跟踪典例】（1)单句改错①There'snodoubtiftheywillagreewithyouonthismatter。________②Ihavenodoubtwhetherhewillsucceed。________③Hedoubtsthatshew