财务管理专业英语unit 课件

Unitone(A)：IntroductiontoFinancialManagement

Teachingobjectives:Afterlearningthissection,thestudentsarerequiredto:graspsomeofbasictheoriesrelatedtofinancialmanagement;graspsomeimportantwordsandexpressions;haveabetterunderstandingofthefinancialmanagementandfinancialmanager;understandbrieflythefinancialmanagementdecision.WisdomMoneybegets(orbreedsorgets)money.——AnonymousBoundlessriskmustpayforboundlessgain.——WilliamMomisMinicase

DellComputermanufactures,sells,andservicespersonalcomputers.Thecompanymarketsdirectlytoitscustomersandbuildscomputersafterreceivingacustomerorder.Thisbuild-to-ordermodelenablesDelltohavemuchsmallerinvestmentinworkingcapitalthanitscompetitors.Dellhasgrownquicklyandhasbeenabletofinancethatgrowthinternallybyitsefficientuseofworkingcapitalanditsprofitabillity.Readtheminicaseandthink:1.What’stheDell’sSalesphilosophy?2.Findthespecializedvocabularyoffinancialmanagement?Dell销售理念

按照客户要求制造计算机，并向客户直接发货，使戴尔公司能够最有效和明确地了解客户需求，继而迅速做出回应。这个直接的商业模式消除了中间商，这样就减少了不必要的成本和时间，让戴尔公司更好地理解客户的需要。wordsstudy1.financialmanagement财务管理2.decision-making决策，决策的investmentdecisions;financingdecisions;3.acquisition收购（purchase)acquire取得

acquisitionandlossofownership

所有权的取得和丧失4.publiclytradedcorporations上市公司listedcorporationstockispublicly

tradedbutmostisheldbyafewshareholderswhohavenoplanstosell

股票公开买卖，但是大部分股票被少数不计划卖出的股东控制。5.vicepresidentoffinance财务副总裁chieffinancialofficer(CFO)首席财务官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)首席执行官6.pivotal关键的

Anydeviationfromthiseconomypivotaltaskendangersourmaterialbase.

离开了经济建设这个中心，就有丧失物质基础的危险。7.allocate(资源、权利）配置capitalallocation资本配置allocateshares分配股份8.Volatility不稳定性Interestratesandfinancialmarketvolatilitywouldremainhighduetothemarketuncertainty.

市场前景不明朗，亦会令利率持续高起，金融市场波动。9.balancesheet资产负债表income(profit)statement利润表cashflowstatement现金流量表10.capitalbudgeting资本预算capitalstructure资本结构workingcapitalmanagement营运资本管理

Capital

BudgetingandLong-termFinancing

management资本预算及远期财务管理

11.stockholder（shareholder)股东

NoneoftheshareholderattendtheAGM.

没有一个股东出席年度股东大会。

12.tradeoff权衡，折中risk-returntradeoff风险-收益权衡13.inventory存货makeaninventoryof盘点;编制...清单14.patent专利trademark商标

internationalprotectionofpatent

专利权的国际保护

Whattrademarkisit?

什么品牌的?

15.creditor债权人

Hecometoanarrangementwithhiscreditor.

他与债权人达成解决纠纷协议。

16.mixofdebtandequity负债与股票的组合cashdividend现金股利dividendpolicy股利政策dividend-payoutratio股利支付比率riskaversion风险规避stockrepurchase（stockbuyback)股票回购stockoffering股票发行financingmix融资组合

commonstock普通股preferredstock优先股currentasset流动资产currentliability流动负债stockholders’equity股东权益marketablesecurity流动性证券tangiblefixedassets有形固定资产intangiblefixedassets无形固定资产1.1FinancialManagementandFinancialManager1.2FinancialManagementDecision1.3Risk–ReturnTradeoffTextstudyFinancialManagementandFinancialManagerFinancialmanagementisanintegrateddecision-makingprocessconcernedwithacquiring,financing,andmanagingassetstoaccomplishsomeoverallgoalwithinabusinessentity.managerialfinancecorporatefinancebusinessfinanceCEO-

chiefexecutiveofficer

CFO-chieffinancialofficer

vicepresidentoffinanceWhoarethepeopleofthefinancialmanagers?

Thepersonassociatedwiththefinancialmanagementfunctionisusuallyatopofficerofthefirmsuchasavicepresidentorthechieffinancialofficer(CFO)Whatarethedutiesandresponsibilitiesofthefinancialmanager?

Thetwomainfunctionsofthefinancialmanagerconcernacquiringandallocatingfundsamongafirm’sactivities.Theyalsoactsasaliaisonbetweenothersinthefinancedepartmentandmanagementpersonnelfromotherdepartments.FinancialManagementDecisionLong-terminvestmentdecisions(

Whatlong-terminvestmentsshouldthefirmundertake?)Long-termfinancingdecisions(Howshouldthefirmraisemoneytofundtheseinvestments?)WorkingCapitalManagementDecisions(Howshouldthefirmmanageitsshort-termassetsandliabilities?)Long-terminvestmentdecisionsInwhatlinesofbusinessshouldthefirmengage?Shouldthefirmacquireothercompanies?Whatsortsofproperty,plant,andequipmentshouldthefirmhold?Shouldthefirmmodernizeorsellanoldproductionfacility?Shouldthefirmintroduceamoreefficientdistributionsystemthanthecurrentone?1.Thenotionofthecapitalbudgeting?

Processofplanningandmanagingafirm’slong-terminvestmentsiscalledbudgeting.2.Theinvestmentprinciple?

Thefirmshouldinvestinassetsandprojectsyieldingareturngreaterthantheminimumacceptablehurdlerate.Long-termfinancingdecisions

Doesthetypeoffinancingusedmakeadifference?Istheexistingcapitalstructuretherightone?Howandwhereshouldthefirmraisemoney?Shouldthefirmusefundsraisedthroughitsrevenues?Shouldthefirmraisemoneyfromoutsidethebusiness?Ifthefirmseeksexternalfinancing,shoulditbringinotherownersorborrowthemoney?Howtoraisefundexternally?

Thefinancialmanagerarisefundsexternallybyincurringdebts,suchasthroughbankloansorthesaleofbonds,orbysellingownershipintereststhroughastockoffering.WorkingCapitalManagementDecisionsHowmuchofafirm’stotalassetsshouldthefirmholdineachtypeofcurrentassetsuchascash,marketablesecurities,andinventory?Howmuchcreditshouldthefirmgranttocustomers?Howshouldthefirmobtainneededshort-termfinancing?Risk–ReturnTradeoffriskaversion——investorsshouldexpectahigherreturnfortakingonhigherlevelsofriskUnitone(B)：IntroductiontoAccountingEnglish

Questions1.Whydowelearnit?（1）MNC(multinationalcorporation)跨国公司（2）internationaloperations国际业务（3）internationalinvestment国际投资2.WhataretheLearningobjectives?GraspthecorewordsaboutaccountingEnglish.Graspthebaseknowledgeaboutwesternaccounting.HavetheabilityofmakingaccountingdocumentandaccountingreportsinEnglish。3.Howtolearnitsuccessfully?Interesting,words,reading,writingSomeknowledgeaboutaccounting

1.

Whatisaccounting?

Ingeneralsense,accountingcanbedefinedasa“businessinformationsystem”whichcommunicatetheeconomicactivitiesandconditionofabusiness(inmonetaryterms)tothebusinessstakeholders,sothat,theycanmakerightdecisions.

2.Whoaretheusersofaccountinginformation?-businessstakeholdersExternalbusinessstakeholders（financialaccountinginformation）:

üCreditors债权人(e.g.bankers),owners所有者,shareholders股东

üCustomers客户,suppliers供应商,

ügovernments(e.g.legislation法律,tax税),Internalbusinessstakeholders(managerialaccountinginformation):

üDirectors,CEO（首席执行官）,managers,supervisors（主管）,

üemployees

3.Accountingasaprofession（会计职业）

Apersonwhospecializesintheaccountingfieldisknownasanaccountant.

Forexample：

Financialaccountant(财务会计)/Costaccountant(成本会计)

Managerialaccountant（管理会计）/CFO(chieffinancialofficer)（首席财务官）

Internalauditor（内部审计）/taxaccountant(税务会计)

CPA（注册会计师）/Externalauditor(外部审计)4.Accountingknowledgesystem（会计学科体系）

Accounting会计学Accountant

FinancialAccounting财务会计Financialaccountant

CostAccounting成本会计Costaccountant

ManagerialAccounting管理会计Managerialaccountant

TaxAccounting税务会计Taxaccountant

Auditing审计学Internalauditor/Externalauditor

Others:AccountingTheory会计理论InternationalAccounting国际会计

5.Professionalaccountingbodies（专业会计团体）

(1)Examplesofforeignprofessionalaccountingbodies:

ACCA英国特许公认会计师协会

AICPAAmerica美国注册会计师协会

CGACanada加拿大注册会计师公会

CPAAustralia澳大利亚注册会计师公会

CPAChina中国注册会计师协会

(2)The“BigFour”internationalaccountingcompanies（全球规模最大的四个会计师事务所）

KPMG（毕马威）Ernst&Young（E&Y）(安永)

PricewaterhouseCooper（PWC）(普华--永道）DeloitteToucheTohmatsu(D&T)（德勤）ArthurAndersen(AA)(安达信)美国（2002年因“安然破产事件”已停止营业）2008年综合评价前20家事务所为：普华永道中天、安永华明、德勤华永、毕马威华振、中瑞岳华、立信、信永中和、大信、万隆、利安达信隆、天华、中审、浙江天健、天职国际、中和正信、天健华证中洲、北京京都、安永大华、北京兴华、中磊会计师事务所。会计师事务所的职责1.审计业务Auditing2.验资业务Verification3.税务代理业务Taxagent4.管理咨询业务Consulting5.财税业务培训Taxprofessionaltraining6.资产评估AssetEvaluation6.Accountingpoliciesandaccountingstandard

（会计的法规体系和基本会计准则）

Ourcountry’sfinancialaccountingregulationssystemisconstitutedby‘AccountingLaw’,‘Corporateaccountingstandards’,‘corporateaccountingregulations’(我国企业财务会计法规体系由会计法、企业会计准则、会计制度构成）

Otherimportantaccountingregulationsintheworldinclude:

IAS国际会计准则

FRS英国财务报告准则

AASB澳大利亚会计准则

FAS美国财务会计准则

SEC证券交易委员会的财务会计文件公告

GAAP企业会计实务公认会计原则

7.FourBasicaccountingassumptions(会计核算的基本假设)（1）EconomicEntityAssumption（“会计主体”假设）EconomicEntityAssumptionassumesthatthebusinessisaseparateentityfromitsowners.

（2）GoingConcernAssumption（“持续经营”假设）

GoingConcernAssumptionassumesthatthebusinesswillbeinoperationforaninfinitetime.

（3）MonetaryUnitAssumption（“货币计量”假设）

MonetaryUnitAssumptionAssumesastablecurrencyisgoingtobetheunitofrecord.Inourcountry,themonetaryunitisChinese￥

（4）PeriodicityAssumption（“会计期间”假设）

PeriodicityAssumptionassumesthatthebusinessoperationscanberecordedandseparatedintodifferentperiods.

Our<Accountinglaw>providesthatourcountry’saccountingperiodisoneyear,whichisfromeveryyear’s1st/01to31st/12Itisalsocalledafinancialyear(财政年度)。Forsomecountries,thefinancialyearstartsfrom1st/07andendto30/06.

8.Importantbasicaccountingprinciples(会计核算的基本原则)

(1)Principleofobjectivity（“真实性”或“客观性”原则）

(2)HistoricalCostprinciple(“历史成本”原则)

(3)Revenuerecognitionprinciple（收入确认原则）

(4)Matchingprinciple（“配比制”原则）

(5)Principleofconservatism（“谨慎性”原则）.

(6)Principleoffulldisclosure（“重要性”原则）

(7)Principleofmateriality（实质重于形式原则）.

(8)Principleofconsistency（一致性原则）

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