中考英语定语从句课件

定语TheAttributiveClause什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.ablueseaahandsomeboyagirlnamedSophiathestudentsfromSichuansomthingtodrinkThemanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.Themanlivesnexttous.Hesellsvegetables.Theman

（wholivesnexttous

）sellsvegetables.先行词()从句放置于先行词之_____，修饰先行词关系词2.连接作用3.在从句中充当成分后1.代替先行词1.Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.2.ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。定语从句Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.

Themachinecanfly.关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that代指先行词machine。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Isthisafarm?Wevisitedthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmthat/whichwevisitedlastyear?Davidismyfriend.Ioftenplaytenniswithhim.

Davidthat/who/whomIoftenplaytenniswithismyfriend.I’llneverforgetthosedays.Wespentthedaystogether.

I’llneverforgetthosedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.Thinkandconclude写法：①找出两个简单句的共有成分,即重合点；②将从句中的共有成分（重合点）去掉；③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词（先行词）之后．I’llneverforgetthosedays.Wespentthedaystogether.

I’llneverforgetthosedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.Itwasacoldmorning.Ericwasbornonthecoldmoring.

ItwasacoldmorningwhenEricwasborn.Isthisafarm?Wevisitedthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmthat/whichwevisitedthefarmlastyear?Isthisafarm?Yourparentsstayedandworkedonthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmwhereyourparentsstayedandworkedlastyear?关系词1.关系代词2.关系副词1.指人2.指物3.指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主语/宾语)(状语)Thewomanthat/who/whomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquareIhavebeentothefactorywheremyfatherworks.Hetoldmethereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.Thedaysaregonewhenpeoplesufferedalot.引导的定语从句可前移Asweallknow,theearthisround.定语从句:

关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3..that不能放在介词的后面4.whose=ofwhich或ofwhom关系副词(作状语)

:1.where=介词+which2.when=介词+which3.why=for+which的特殊用法

thewayhelives.thathelives.inwhichhelives.关系词的作用:1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。一、关系代词1.Thenumberofpeople____losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.whenA1.who作定从的主语/宾语指人作主语时不可省略指代先行词2.Theboy_____wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.A.whomB./C.whichD.whenAB2.whom作定从的宾语指人可省略指代先行词3.Spielbergwonaprizeforashortfilm_____hemade.A.whichB.whoC./D.whereAC3.which作定从的主语或宾语指物作宾语可省略指代先行词4.It'saboutabigshark____attacksswimmers___arespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillage.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whichE./4.that作定从的主语或宾语指物或人作宾语可省略指代先行词CDBC5.Spielberg,_____motherwasamusicteacher,wasbornin1946.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.thatC5.whose作定从的定语指物或人不可省略指代先行词=sb's/sth'sIoncelivedinahouse____wasbroken.A.whoseroofB.whichroofC.ofwhichtheroofD.theroofofwhichACD5.whose＋n＝ofwhich/whomthe+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。Herparentsdon'twanttomarrytheirdaughtertoaman_________ispoor.

whosefamily=thefamilyofwhom=ofwhomthefamily

theroofofthehouse关系副词和定语从句Istillremembertheday..

=when(1)(2)onthedayIcamehere=onwhich我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。

(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。

1.Doyouknowthedate___Lincolnwasborn?A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where1.whenBC作定从的时间状语指时间,在从句中表示"在...时间"=in/on...+which先行词为时间名词

Thisisthehouse.lastyear.

=inwhich=whereIlivedinthehouse

(1)(2)

就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。

(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。

2.Thefarm_____wepickedcottonwas90kilometersaway.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.onwhichBD2.where作定从的地点状语指地点,在从句中表示"在...地点"=in/on...+which先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词)Hegaveareason.

=forwhich

=why(1)(2)

forthereason.peoplelikemusic(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。

他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。

3.Idon'tknowthereason____helooksunhappy.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./BC3.why作定从的原因状语指原因,在从句中表示"因为...原因"=forwhich先行词为reasonIdisapprovethereasons____hecameupwith.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./AD因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason___________________hegaveus.

when(which/that)where(which/that)why(that/which)几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词inwhichinwhichforwhich4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。Idon'tliketheway____hetalkedtohismother.Idon'tliketheway____hechosetodoit.A.thatB.inwhichC./D.howABCACway方式，方法1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者inwhich且可以略。2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which

指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？指人指物主语宾语that

whichwhowhom√√√√√√√√√√√√×

×

×

×

何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。1.Isthisthefactory____hisfathervisitedlastyear?2.Isthisthefactory____hisfatherworkedlastyear?A.whichB.thatC./D.whereE.inwhich对比训练ABCDE1.Iwillneverforgetthetime____Ispentwiththevillagers.2.Iwillneverforgetthetime____Istayedwiththevillagers.A.whichB.thatC./D.when对比训练ABCD1.Idon'tbelievethereason___hegaveforhisabsence.2.Idon'tbelievethereason___hewasabsent.A.whichB.thatC./D.whyE.forwhich对比训练ABCDE1.Itisthisshop____Iboughtallthesethings.2.Itisinthisshop____Iboughtallthesethings.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD./对比训练BCA1.ShelookedatJeff___waswavinghisarms.2.Thegirl____legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.3.Andthereshesawawallofwater___wasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2、再看先行词。ABCBD3.whose引导定语从句，先行词既可是人也可以是物，whose在从句中作定语：whose+n=the+n.+of+which/whom.

=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisblack.请把封面是黑色的书拿给我看看。=Pleaseshowmethebook____________________________isblack．Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.

=Thisisthescientist____________________isknownallovertheworld.=the

nameofwhomofwhomthe

namethecoverofwhich=ofwhichthecover定语从句使用中的特殊情况一、只能用that的情况：1.先行词既有物又有人时。Hespokeofthepersonsandthings

thathehadseenabroad.2.先行词something,anything,everything，all,nothing等不定代词时或被修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstplacethatIvisitedlasttime.定语从句使用中的特殊情况４.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?５.关系代词在从句中作表语时。Heisnolongertheboythathewas10yearsago.６．当先行词前有all,thevery,theonly,thejust修饰时Thisthevery(正好，恰好)pursethatyoulost.二、不用that的情况：1.介词后指代人用whom,指物用which.不用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.DoyoulikethebookfromwhichIlearnedmuch.定语从句使用中的特殊情况aboutthat(X)fromthat(X)2.非限制性定语从句里指代人用who,whom,指物用which.不用关系词that。Betty,

whohasneverbeenabroad,isreadingnow.Betty,whomyoumetisreadingnow.Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.that(X)1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatTheteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.whose=thestudent’s关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格theEnglishofthestudents=theEnglishofwhomTheteacherpraisedthestudent,theEnglishofwhom(ofwhomtheEnglish)isthebestinourclass.难用的whoseThehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’swindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken=thewindowofthehouse=thewindowofwhich二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.2.非限制性定语从句。Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.定语从句使用中的特殊情况aboutthat(X)that(X)三,介词＋关系代词的问题。介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×

Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况3Helivesinalonelyvillage.Atthebackofitisahill.Helivesinalovelyvillage,atthebackof______isahill.Hehasthreesisters.Allofthemareabroad.Hehasthreesisters,allof________areabroad.whichwhomJointhefollowingsentences:介词+关系代词1.由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要Thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis300,000kmpersecond.Theroominwhichthereisablackboardistheirclassroom.介词可能是从句谓语的一个部分,或动词所需要的搭配Don’tbringchildrentoseetheanimalsofwhichtheyareafraid.Thisisthejobatwhichtheylaughed.3.表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用ofwhichChinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Ihavemanyfriends,___somearebusiness.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhomSome,any,several,many,most,all,both,neither,none,half,one等和形容词比较级,最高级之后接ofwhom/whichDTheNorthIslandisfamousforanareaofhotsprings,someofwhichthrowhotwaterhighintotheair.Therearealtogether11booksontheshelf,___fivearemine.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhichThereare2buildings,___standsnearly100feethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhichCD介词+关系代词的情况Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.

在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?3.固定动词或介词短语搭配1.

Doyoulikethebook

shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook

sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope

hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,

standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_______peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词+关系代词的情况练习Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

Idon’tliketheway

thatyouspeak.

ontheday=onwhich=wheninthehouse=inwhich=whereforthereasons=forwhich=whyintheway=that=inwhich关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词Fillintheblankswith“prep+whom/which”.Theteacher___________IlearntmostwasMrs.Zhu.What’sthenameofthesport___________yougoinaboat?Mathematicsisthesubject_______Iammostinterested.Thisisthequestion________________wehavehadadiscussion.Thisisthehouse___________________Iwasborn.fromwhominwhichaboutwhichinwhichinwhichThisisthepen_______________Iwrotetheletter.Isthatthegirl________________youlentyourbicycle?Hereistheaddress______________youshouldwriteThesearethethings_______________Ispokejustnow.Isthatthefish______________youaskedthewaiter?withwhichtowhichtowhichaboutwhichforwhichThemoonisaball_____________therearenolivingthings.Waterisveryimportanttofish,____________itcan'tlive.Welovethevillage______________weworkfortwoyears.Peter,____________IplayedtennisonSundays,wasstrongerthanI.onwhichwithoutwhichinwhichwithwhom介词＋关系代词的问题。1.ofwhich/whom结构很多时候表示“其中Class14has75students,ofwhom35studentsaregirls.=35studentsofwhomaregirls.2.when/why/where很多时候可转换为介词+关系代词。ThisisthehousewhereIlive.Everyoneknowsthereasonwhyhesucceeded.IrememberthedaywhenIvisitedthetemple.inwhichforwhichonwhichOnherbirthday,shereceivedfromherparentsanicepresent_____anotewasattached,_____“Weloveyousomuch”.A.that,sayingB.towhich,sayingC.towhich,saidD.inwhich,said

Alecaskedthepoliceman_______heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.WithhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason___________________hegaveus.

when(which/that)where(which/that)why(that/which)几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词inwhichinwhichforwhich非限制性定语从句1。which引导的非限制性定语从句：此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，也不能换为that1)和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用：Wealllikethebook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.2)用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后：Bushwaselectedpresidentagain,whichmadeJimverysad.

一.引导非限制性定语从句的连接词who/whom/whose/which/where/when/why/as来引导,不能用that二.as引导的非限制性定语从句1.as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固定的,如：asyouknow/see/planned/asweexpected/understand/think/believe也可以将它们用于被动结构中:asisknown/seen/planned/expectedTheearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround.______isknowntoall_________theearthisround.______isknowntoallis_________theearthisround.Itwhich/asAsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句thatWhatthatwhat引导主语从句,that引导表语从句2.as引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固定句型中1).Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.2).Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatasthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢它。(结果状语从句)as2.as引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固定句型中as3)Thisisthesamebag_____

Ilostyesterday.4)Thisisthesamebag_____

Ilostyesterday.同类异物that这就是家我丢的那个包包。同物这个包包和我丢的那个一样。三.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.5.Hehastwosons.Bothof___________

areteachers.6.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.This/Itwhichthemwhomthemthat1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which

×whom××引导非限制性定语从句的连接词，一律不能省略4.Hefailedintheexam;_______madehisparentsangry.this/it和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1.which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面。2.as引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissaidabove（如上所述),asweknow（我们都知道),asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase（正如往常一样），asisreported,asweexpect等结构中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。四.限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:①限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如：Thisisthemanwhogavemethemoney．这就是给我钱的那个人。

上句如删去从句whogavemethemoney，则成了Thisistheman．（这是那个人。）完全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉

②

非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。如：WangDong，whoisintheroom，wantstoaskyousomequestions．王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。

上述主句是WangDongwantstoaskyousomequestions，如果删去从句（whoisintheroom），并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。

③

另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：Intheirclass，therearefifteenstudentswhocanspeakEnglishwell．在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）Intheirclass，therearefifteenstudents，whocanspeakEnglishwell他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们英语口语都好。）（限定性定语从句）(非限定性定语从句）形式作用翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句插入成分修饰限定补充解释能不能….的能否省略先行词为situation,case,point时,usingwhereCanyouthinkofasituationwhereyoucanusetheword?1.Itwas1949___PRCwasfounded.2.Itwasin1949___PRCwasfounded.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.where对比训练AC1.All____Idoisforyou.2._____Idoisforyou.A.thatB.whatC./D.which对比训练ACBwhat引导主语从句,在从句中作主语.what不能引导定语从句.对比训练1.Itissodifficultaquestion____noonecansolveit.2.Itissodifficultaquestion____noonecansolve.A.thatB.as1.____isannounced,themeetingwasputoff.2.____isannouncedthatthemeetingwasputoff.A.ItB.AsABBA和which引导定语从句的区别：1).which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面2).as引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissaidabove（如上所述),asweknow,asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase（正如往常一样),asisreported,asweexpect等结构中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。3).as还可以用语下列固定句型中:so/such/as/thesame……as….D本句中which指代先行词alawyer（律师身份).有逗号，不用that。D2.Theresultofthegamewasgood,____wehadn'texpected.A.