book-8-Unit-2市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

Unit2Cloning

1/70

Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-make.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.两人一组,观察图片并讨论哪些是自然无性繁殖,哪些是人工。考虑它们区分。

1.differvi.2/70Hermethoddoesn’tdiffermuchfrommine.她方法跟我没有很大不一样。Modernairplanesdifferfromearlyones.当代飞机跟早期在很多方面有所不一样。Idifferwithhimhowtosolvetheproblem.对于怎样处理问题,我跟他意见不一致。Theydifferwitheachotheronmoralstandards.关于道德标准,他们看法不一样。3/70differ是不及物动词,主要有两个义项：“不一样,相异；不一样意,意见相左”。常见搭配有：1).sb.differfrom/withsb.on/aboutsth.;

2).sth.andsth.differin…;3).sth.differfromsth.4/702.Ithappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones,…happenvi.occurbychance;takeplace(偶然地）发生；出现

happentodo…happentosb.Ithappenedthat…happeningn.事件；偶然发生事（惯用复数）当园艺工人割草而使之长出新植物时，就会发生这种情况，、、、、、、恰巧（某人）发生什么事了恰巧5/70辨析：happen,occur,takeplace与comeabout四词都有“发生”之意，但有区分。

happen

是普通用语，词义较广，强调事情发生偶然性;

occur使用方法较正式，既能够指自然发生，也能够指有意安排。takeplace普通指有计划，按事先安排进行含义。comeabout往往重视事情发生原因，常与how连用。注：以上四组词均为不及物动词，无被动语态。6/70Usetheabovewordstofillthefollowingblanks:1)Whendidtheexplosion_______?2)Importantelections_______thisfall?3)Theconcertwill___________nextSunday.4)Howdidthequarrel___________?occurtakeplacecomeabouthappen7/703.Italsohappensinanimalswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵产生性别与相貌相同双胞胎也是克隆。①Whatdoesitstandfor?it指代上文cloning②Whatisthefunctionofidenticalinsexandappearance?identicalinsexandappearance是一个形容词短语作后置定语。8/70用identical翻译以下句子这两种样式几乎完全相同。Thesetwodesignsarealmostidentical.我意见和他相同。Myopinionisidenticalwithhis.我们双方对应该怎么办看法是一致。Weareidenticalinourviewsofwhatshouldbedone.这是我们去年住过那家旅馆。Thisistheidenticalhotelthatwestayedinlastyear.9/704.undertakevt.

Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.

当然,这个过程极难实施。Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.

科学家从事这项试验。10/70Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.

我愿意负担这些变革责任。

Thelawyerundertookanewcase.那个律师接了一个新案子。

undertake是及物动词,主要有两个义项:着手做,从事,进行;担任,负担,答应,同意。11/70

完成以下句子。(1)Hewill__________________nextmonth(去旅行).(2)He____________________(负担一项新任务).undertooktasknewaaundertakejourney12/705.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough–thecloningofDollythesheep.不过决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性结果–克隆羊“多莉”。payoff在此句中表示“是值得；没有白费”。如：Hiseffortspaidoffwhenthegirlacceptedhisproposal.他努力没有白费，女孩接收了他求婚。13/70另外，payoff还有“偿清，还清”意思。如：I’llhavepaidoffmydebtbythistimenextyear.明年此时我债就要还清了。Themenwerepaidoffonthelastdaybeforetheholiday.工人们休假前一天拿到了工钱。14/706.Thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep.这个细胞得细胞核含有生产一只新绵羊必需基因。neededtoproduceanewsheep为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰其前面名词genes,组成动宾搭配关系。containv.haveorholdwithinitself饱含，里面有15/70辨析：contain与include

contain“包含，含有”，侧重于包含内容或成份，“里面装有”；include“包含”，侧重范围或整体。Eg:1)Whisky________alargepercentageofalcohol.2)Thebook_________fortymaps,________threeofGreatBritain.containscontainsincluding16/707.ThenucleusfromsheepBandtheeggcellfromsheepAarejoinedusingelectricity.usingelectricity为现在分词短语作方式状语。联手，携手参加活动和某人一起做事从军，连起来从绵羊B中取出得细胞核与从绵羊A中取出得卵细胞用电流使之结合。Joinhandsjoininsth./doingsth

joinsb.insth.joinup17/70辨析：takepartin,join,joinin与attendtakepartin指参加某项活动，并以主动态度在所参加活动中起作用；join“加入”团体或组织；joinin指参加活动和游戏；joinsb.Insth.和某人一起做某事；attend参加会议(听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼）

18/708.Thencamethedisturbing

news

thatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.接着传来了多莉病重坏消息。研究克隆科学家发觉多莉得病更轻易发生在年老羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。本句中news与thatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill是同位语关系。一个名词或代词后面有时可接一个单词，短语或从句，对前者作深入解释，说明它指是谁或是什么，这就是同位语。19/70如：MrWang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子老师，星期二要来看我们。I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.我，作为家里长女，老得照料家中其它孩子。20/70disturbvt.

扰乱,使不安,弄乱;disturbedadj.

被扰乱,动荡,不安；disturbingadj.令人不安。尤其提醒:现在分词表示:令人怎么样,过去分词表示:被使得怎么样,感到怎么样。

如:aninterestingstory令人感兴趣故事aninterestedlook感到兴趣表情surprisedpeople(感到)惊奇人们21/70castdown使沮丧发觉突破性克隆动物命运使他沮丧。Hefeltcastdownwhenhediscoveredthefateofthebreakthroughclone.不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！Don’tbesocastdown.Justkeepupyourspirits.※castdown有两个义项：毁掉；使沮丧，另外，castaway丢弃，castoff放弃；丢弃，castout赶走22/70beappropriateto…适合于……;与……相当（=besuitableforaparticularperson,condition,occasionorplace;fitting)翻译以下句子（用appropriate)用与你题目相当题材写。Writeinastyleappropriatetoyoursubject.他便服,不宜在这么正式场所穿。Hiscasualclotheswerenotappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.23/709.altogether①总之；总共Altogethertherewere18peopleinthebus.Altogetherourachievementsareverygreat.②完全地；全然客人们并不完全满意。Thevisitorsfeltnotaltogethersatisfied.他全然不知该怎么做。He'snotaltogethersurewhattodo.24/7010.Ontheotherhand,Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreat

impactonthemediaandpublicimagination.raise在此是“唤起、引发、使出现”之意。=bringabout翻译：他缺席引发人们对他安全担心。Hisabsenceraisedfearsabouthissafety.用动物作科学试验引发了一些棘手道德问题。（ethicalquestions)Theuseofanimalsinscientifictestsraisessomedifficultethicalquestions.25/70astormof…经常指感情猛然暴发或强烈表现比如：一阵猛烈抗议astormofprotest一阵弹雨/箭雨

astormofbullets/arrows一阵暴风雨般掌声/欢呼声

astormofapplause/cheers一阵辱骂/抨击

astormofabuse/criticismSuddenviolentoutburstordisplayofstrongfelling26/70have/makeastrong/greatimpacton…

对……有（或产生）巨大影响翻译这场反对吸烟运动对年轻人有极大影响。Theanti-smokingcampaignhashadquiteanimpactonyoungpeople.这本书对读者产生了巨大影响。Thisbookmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.27/7011.Governmentsbecamenervousandmoreconservative.Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning,…各国政府恐慌不安和保守。一些开始修改法律禁止进行克隆人类研究。forbid后面能够接三种搭配

①名词，代词或动名词作宾语②不定式复合结构作宾语③双宾语forbid28/70sth.doingsth.sb.todosth.sb.doingsth.sb.sththat…forbid是不及物动词,常见搭配有：forbid29/70完成以下句子(1)Theschool________________________(禁止学生吸烟).(2)Heisforbiddento_____________(进入这个房间).toroom

smokeforbidsthestudentsenterthe30/70用forbid翻译以下句子①法律禁止销售香烟给年纪不满16岁人。(名词作宾语）Thelawforbidsthesaleofcigarettetopeopleundertheageof16.②法律禁止在此处进行修建。（ing-formasObject)Thelawforbidsbuildingonthisland.③大多数父母都禁止自己孩子吸烟。Mostparentsforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.31/70④他父母不准他喝酒。Hisparentsforbadhimtodrinkwine.Hisparentsforbadhimwine.⑤tohavetheeffectofpreventing;妨碍，阻止Thekingforbidsusfromgoingout.Lackofspaceforbidsfurthertreatmentofthetopichere.因篇幅所限,此处不便对本题作深入阐述.32/7012.butothercountrieslikeChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulate

evidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.不过其它国家，如中国，英国，则仍在继续搜集克隆技术有可能提供丰富医疗救助证据。1）accumulate有搜集、堆集、积累意思（=togatherorpile),强调经过一段比较长时间由少及多积累，使用范围较广，似乎凡是在数量方面增加都能够表示。它既可作为及物动词也可作为不及物动词33/70那家企业几年内积累了大量财富。Thecompanyhasaccumulatedgreatwealthwithinafewyears.然而伴随迹象(evidence)开始积累,伦敦动物园教授们感到有必要（feelobligedto)进行调查了。However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheLondonzoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.34/702)evidence意思为证据、依据，是不可数名词。(=athingorthingshelpfulinformingaconclusionorjudgement)Isthereanyevidencefor/ofhisguilt?有什么证据证实他犯罪了？被打坏窗户就是曾经发生偷窃案证据。(burglary)Thebrokenwindowwasevidencethataburglaryhadtakenplace.35/70infavorof赞成；有利于比分是80比78，客队获胜。Thescorewas80to78infavouroftheguestteam.今天兑换率对我们有利。Theexchangerateisinourfavourtoday.infavourof赞成，支持，与against相对。13.Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit？它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？36/70beboundto注定；有义务做明天天气一定会变好。Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.发觉突破性克隆动物命运使他沮丧。我以为有必要对你说，你酒喝得太多了。Ifeelboundtotellyouthatyouaredrinkingtoomuch.beboundtodosth.有两个义项：注定，一定会法律责任或义务做某事。14.Dolly’sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundto

raiseworries.多莉之死，正如它出世一样，注定要带来焦虑。37/70raise举起；使起来；引发；提出。如：Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseraiseyourhands.你们如有问题，可举手问。Shutthewindows.Thejeepinfrontofourcarhasraisedacloudofdust.关上窗子，我们车子前面吉普车扬起了一片尘土。Theirdiscussionraisedaseriesofproblems.他们讨论引出了一系列问题。38/70raise,rise,arise,arouse意义相近。raise：举起，及物动词，后加宾语，如：Teraiseshishand.

rise：升起，不及物动词，如：Thesunrisesintheeast.

arise：产生，起因于，不及物动词，如：Accidentsarisefromcarelessness.

arouse：唤起，唤醒，及物动词，如：Whathesaysarousessuspicion.39/7015.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumptionthathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn’tbeenprovedyet.科学家们相信人类克隆只不过是时间问题，不过克隆人已经问世说法还没有被证实。assumption构想；假设。如：Theyboughttheoldhouseinthecountrysideontheassumptionthatitwouldbequiettolivethere.他们在乡下买了栋旧房子，因为距地住在那里会很平静。40/70Usetheproperformsofthefollowingphrasestofillintheblanks:castdownpayoffinfavouroffromtimetotimebeboundtoFinishthefollowingexercises:Shewas___________byherhusband’sdeath.Myunclecomestohavedinnerwithus________________.castdownfromtimetotime41/703.Hehasbeenworkingsohardathislessons,sohe____________passtheexamthistime.4.Finallyhisefforts__________.5.Allofthemwerestrongly_______________theproject.isboundofpaidoffinfovourof42/70LanguagepointsforReadingII43/701.ThepopularityoffilmssuchasJurassicPark,inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proveshowtheideastuckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople’shearts.strike…intoone’sheart使…刻骨铭心inwhich引导定语从句,how引导宾语从句。在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几个不一样绝种恐龙。类似这么电影很受欢迎，证实了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。44/702.Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurs,canpossiblybebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.人们时常构想从地球上消失动物,比如恐龙,有可能经过克隆技术使它们复活。fromtimetotime有时,间或,偶然,=occasionally,nowandthen.Hecomesherefromtimetotime.

他时常到这儿来。

Thecarmanufacturerschangedthecarmodelsfromtimetotime.汽车制造商不时地改变车型号。45/70将以下句子译成英语(1)他有时变得很没有道理。

____________________________________________(2)他们有时吵架。____________________________HebecomesquiteunreasonablefromTheyquarrelfromtimetotime.timeto

time.46/70bringbacktolife使复生Theyusedartificialrespirationtobringtheswimmerbacktolife.

他们用人工呼吸使游泳者清醒过来。Anywayhewasdead,wecouldnotbringhimbacktolife.

横竖他死了，我们不能使他复生。bringbacktohealth

恢复健康47/703.Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovercomeillnesses.假如某个动物群体没有足够多样性以战胜疾病。那么克隆这种动物全部努力都将是无用。invain无效果；无用。如：Thegirltriedinvaintoopenthelockeddoor.女孩怎么也打不开锁着门。Allattemptstorescuetheboywithcancerwereinvain.为问你就那个患癌症男孩全部尝试都无济于事。48/704.Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.群中多样性指是拥有基因排列方式不一样动物。withtheirgenesarrangedindifferentways作定语,indifferentways以不一样方式。49/705....butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.......其它将存活下来并传递给其后代抵抗这种病能力。50/70resist作及物动词主要有三个义项:

抵抗,反抗;

抵挡,预防;

(与cannot,couldnot连用)无法抗拒,无法抵挡。51/70Theyresistedtheattack.他们抵抗那次攻击。Sheresistedbeingcarriedoff.她拒绝被带走。Shecouldnotresistthetemptation.她无法抗拒那项诱惑。52/70Thegreatdrawbacktocloningagroupofanimalsisthattheywouldallhavethesamearrangementofgenesandsomightdieofthesameillness.经过克隆动物群体最大缺点是：它们基因排列有可能完全相同，因而它们有可能会死于同一个疾病。（）53/707.Itwouldbeunfairtocloneanyextinctanimalsiftheyweretoliveinazoo.克隆灭绝动物是不公平假如他们在动物园生活。当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子形式主语。54/708.Sothechanceofdinosaurseverreturningtoearthismerelyadream.所以恐龙重返地球可能性仅仅是个梦想。区分barely,hardly,scarcely,merely,almostbarely意为“仅仅，刚好，恰好”，表示必定意义，常和enough,sufficient等词连用，如bebarelyenough勉强够；hardly意为“几乎不”，强调几乎不可能，表示否定意义，常和情态动词can,could连用，如couldhardlysee几乎看不见；55/70scarcely意为“几乎不，几乎没有”，强调频度或数量不足，如scarcelyeverusedthegenerator几乎从未用过这台发动机；merely意为“仅仅，只，不过”，表示必定意义，如bemerelythebeginning，仅仅是个开头；almost意为“几乎，差不多”，表示必定意义，如almostfall差一点儿跌倒56/70merelyB.almostC.hardlyD.barelyItwas_____darkwhentheygotthere.B他们抵达那里时,天几乎黑了。57/70Usefulstructure(20ms)theAppositive(words,phrasesandclauses)58/70同位语从句与that引导定语从句区分：1、同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明抽象名词。比如：a)听说他们队赢了，他们很高兴。______________________________________________________.b)消息就是他们队赢了。_______________________________________.TheyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwonThenewswasthattheirteamhadwon59/702、从引导词来看：引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无详细词义，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成份——主语或宾语，有详细词义，作宾语时还能够省略。比如：

a)Thefactory________wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.b)Thenews________hewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.(that)that定语从句同位语从句60/703、同位语从句简易判断方法：同位语与其先行词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”同位语关系。所以，能够在名词从句之间加系动词be，使之组成一个新句子，假如合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够有系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来。比如：Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.→_______________________________.Thebeliefisthattheearthisflat61/70另外，能用于名词性从句名词有：ability,patience,anxiety,answer,order,report,wish,decision,suggestion,belief,doubt,fact,hope,message,news,promise,question,reply等等。62/701.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.

A.whichB.that

C.whatD.whether答案B。这是一个同位语从句，解释promise详细内容，要用that引导。高考链接63/702.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionneed____.

A.that;tobeimproved

B.which;tobeimproved

C.where;