大学英语专业写作Precis省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件

ThePrécisAprécisisaclearconcise,orderlysummaryofthecontentsofapieceofwriting.第1页Howdoyoupronouncethisstrangeword?Pray-see.Iusedtopraytosee,untilIgotmyglasses…nowIcanseeeverythingjustfine!Hah-hah,neverletanyonetellyouanowlcan’tbefunny.第2页thatisaconcentrationofideasfromtheoriginalpieceofwritingthatisboileddownsothatonlytheessenceoftheoriginalremainsAprécisisapassage:第3页Aprécisisabriefsummary,writteninyourownwords,ofalongerpieceofwriting.Itisacondensedversionoftheessentialcontentoftheoriginalmaterial.Apréciscontainsnocomments,noopinionsofyourown.Itcontainsnodetails,noexamples,noillustrations.Thelanguageshouldbeclearandconcise,withalltheunnecessarywordsleftout.Itshouldbetheshortestpossibleaccountofwhatyouhaveread.第4页Placeswhereapréciscouldbeusedinclude:Toshortenorsummarize:newspaperarticles,legalpapersandlaws,rulesandregulations,announcements,directions,business

letters,

speechesandconversations,interviews,books&magazinearticles,&

lectures第5页Step1Countthenumberofwordsintheoriginal-yourprécisis10—15%thelengthoftheoriginal.Understandfirst.Readtheoriginalpiececarefully,andmorethanonce!Beforeyoubegintosummarize,youmustfirstunderstandwhatisbeingsaid!WHAT?YoumeanIhavetowriteaprécis?HowdoIdothat?Youshouldannotatethearticleasyouarereadingittounderstandthestructureandhoweachparagraphcontributestothewholearticle.第6页Step2:SentencecondensingUnderstandthecentralideaofeachsentence.Crossoutunneededdescription.SummarizeeachsentenceofthearticleLookattheexampleontheright.“ThereisnoiconinCanadianbusinessmoreuniversallyreveredthanTimHortons”.WouldbecomeTimHortonsisareveredCanadianiconORTimHortonsisaniconinCanada(evenshorter)第7页Step3:Useadictionary!Lookupanywords,orallusionsthatyoudon’tunderstand.Inthepreviousexample,ifyoudidn’tknowwhatthework“Icon”meant,you’dhavemissedoutonmuchofthemeaningofthesentence.Iconandrevered...whattheheckdothosewordsmean?

第8页Stillonstep3...Pickoutkeywords,thinkwhattheirrelationinthoughtis,andinthiswayfindthecentralideaIncludeallarticles(a,an,the)andprepositions(in,onout,of)thatwereintheoriginal.Countcontractions(don’t,can’t)as2words!Thereisafinebalancebetweencuttingouttoomuchoftheoriginal,andgettingdownto¼thelengthoftheoriginalwithoutloosingtheoverallessence.第9页Step4:Expressyourideasconcisely

Omitinterjectionsi.e.)Therewasonceatime,inthedistantpast,whenIblahblah…becomesOmitappositivesi.e.)JaneGoodall,aremarkablewoman,issomeonewhoshouldbecomeblah,blah,blahbecomes

Omitwordsthatareusedforemphasisi.e.)mediationbecomesaconstantinnerunmasking,apeelingoffoflayerafterlayerofmasks.Blah,blah,blahi.e.)TherewasonceatimewhenIblahblah…JaneGoodallissomeonewhoshouldbecome…mediationisaconstantinnerunmasking.Blah,blah,blah第10页Stillonstep4:Changesimilesandmetaphorsi.e.)herthoughtsinthemorningareastangledasherhair.Couldbecome:Hermorningthoughtsareincoherent.

Orheburstoutofthedoorlikeanexplosioncouldbecome:Heburstoutofthedoor.Omitrhetoricalquestionsbychangingthemtostatementsoffact.So“aren’tthere?”Couldbecome:.Therearemanywaystoeatanicecreamcone.Usehyphenatedexpressionswherepossiblebecausetheycountonlyasoneword.Soadogwithoneeyebecomesaone-eyed-dog,andcountsas1word!第11页Sotosummarize:Step1Step2Step3Step4CountwordsinoriginalCrossoutdescriptionGetadictionaryOmitinterjectionsReadoriginalSummarizesentences-checkforvariousmeaningsOmitappositivesRe-readoriginalSummarizeparagraphs-checkforspellingOmit

emphasiswordsAnnotateoriginalCheckforoverallideaof“X”allarticlesChangemetaphor/&similesUnderstandsentences-eachsentenceand“X”allprepositionsOmitrhetoricalQuestionsUnderstandparagraphmeanings-eachparagraphWriteyourprécis!第12页Nowforagiantleap…Let’sgothroughsomeexamples…

andbemorespecific第13页Sentence1Yourfirstsentenceintheprécisshouldhave:thenameofauthor,thegenre&titleofthework,dateinparentheses,anactiveverb(suchas"assert""argue""suggest""imply""claim“)andaTHATclausewhichcontainsthethesisstatementofthework.Thissentenceisthewho&thewhatoftheoriginalwork.第14页ExampleforSentence1PhillipaGregory’snovel,TheOtherBoleynGirl(),impliesthat

ambitionpossessesthepowertocorruptanddispensetruegratification,fillingtheheartsolelywithdesireinfusedwithgreedandtheravenoushungertoreign.

Noticethewhoandwhatisclearlydefinedinthefirstprécissentence.第15页Sentence2:shouldcontain:anexplanationofhowtheauthordevelopsand/orsupportsthethesis,Thisisusuallydoneinchronologicalorder.第16页ExampleofSentence2GregorydevelopsthisassertionthroughvividdescriptionoflifeintheTudorcourtandexaminationofcut-throatanticsofaruthlessfamily-membersofwhomwillexecutetoattainabsolutepower.

第17页Sentence3shouldbe:

Astatementoftheauthor’sapparentpurpose,followedbyan"inorder"phrase.第18页ExampleforSentence3Gregory’spurposeofelaboratingonambitionistodepicttheoutlandishlengthsonewillembarkinordertofillaselfishvoidwithinone’sgreedyanddesperatesoul.第19页Sentence4Sentence4:

Adescriptionoftheintendedaudienceand/ortherelationshiptheauthorestablisheswiththeaudience.第20页ExampleforSentence4Gregoryengagestheaveragewomanthroughthethemesofscandal,connivingcompetition,andpassionatelust,allofwhichevokeseverywoman’sdesiretobeaqueen.第21页NowyouarereadytostartparaphrasingStudyeachparagraph,readittounderstandthemainpointsthen

summarizethemainpointsinyourownwords第22页

Rememberthefollowing:AprécisretellsthehighlightssoareaderwillknowmainsectionsoftheoriginalWritingaPrécisPrécisisaclear,concise,orderlysummaryofthecontentsofapieceofwriting.

第23页

Aprécishasonlytheessentialdetails&theymustbecorrect&accurate

第24页Aprécismust