儿科儿童生长发育课件

儿童体格生长发育儿童体格生长发育1年龄分期l.生长发育的指标.影响生长发育的因素年龄分期2Agegroup年龄分期Humandevelopmentprogressesthroughasequenceofevents,theselandmarksshouldoccuratapproximatelythesameage.Itiseasiertograspdevelopmentbyfocusingonspecifickeyagegroup儿童的生长发育既循序渐进又有阶段性,某些里程碑式的事件应在某一年龄岀注意关键年龄段更易于把握生长规律。Agegroup年龄分期3hefetalperiod胎儿期40周Themostdramaticeventsingrowthanddevelopmentoccurbeforebirth.Thetransformationofasinglecellintoaninfant生长发育过程中最令人激动的事件发生在出生前:单个细胞发育成胎儿。hefetalperiod胎儿期40周4Embryonicperiod&wkTherudimentsofallmajororgansystemshavedeveloped.weight:9g,length:5cm胚胎期8周各主要器官系统雏形初现。重量:9克,长度:5厘米。Embryonicperiod&wkTherudim5Fetalperiod:9-40wkIncreaseincellnumberandsize,structuralremodelingofseveralorgansystems.Duringthethirdtrimester,weighttriplesandlengthdoubles.Termweight:3250g,length:50cm.胎儿期940周细胞数量与体积增加,器官系统结构重组,孕晩期发育迅速:体重增加3倍,身长增加2稻孕未期俸重平均3250克,身长50厘米Fetalperiod:9-40wkIncrease6neonatalperiod4wk新生儿期Adaptationtoextrauterineliferequiresrapidandprofoundphysiologicchanges,includingaerationofthelungs,reroutingofthecirculation,andactivationoftheintestinaltract.Toobtainnourishmenttoavoidhypothermiaorhyperthermia,andtoensuresafety,neonatesmustreactappropriatelytoanexpandedrangeofsensorystimuli适应宫外生活时,新生儿在生理上需要经历快速深刻的家化为长东连全,新生儿需要对纷繁的外界刺激做出适当的友压neonatalperiod4wk新生儿期7Anewborn'sweightmaydecrease10%belowbirthweightinthe1stwkasaresultofexcretionofexcessextravascularfluidandpossiblypoorintake.Infantsshouldregainorexceedbirthweightby2wkofageandshouldgrowatapproximately30g/dayduringthe1stmonth·生后第一周,由于多余的细胞外液被排出体外及摄入不足,新生儿的体重会比出生体重减少10%生后两周时应恢复或超过出生体重,此全满月,体重每日增加30克左右。Anewborn'sweightmaydecreas8Limbmovespurposelessly,smilingoccursinvoluntarily,eyegazingheadturning,andsuckingunderconsciouscontrol新生儿有无目的的肢体运动、无意微笑,可凝视及转头,会有意识地吸吮。Limbmovespurposelessly,smil9BasictrustdevelopsasinfantslearnthattheirurgentneedsaremeetregularlyInfantsdoesnotconsistentlyexperiencefeedingasthepleasurablereductionoftensionoftenshowincreasedirritabilityandphysiologicalinstability(spitting,diarrhea,poorweightgain)aswellasbehavioralproblem·由于基本需求得到规律的满足,新生儿期会建立基本信任感。饥饿时不能规律地体验到嘿快乐的婴儿,常显示烦躁不安和生理不适吐了腹泻,体重不增)及行为障碍。Basictrustdevelopsasinfant10儿科儿童生长发育课件11儿科儿童生长发育课件12儿科儿童生长发育课件13儿科儿童生长发育课件14儿科儿童生长发育课件15儿科儿童生长发育课件16儿科儿童生长发育课件17儿科儿童生长发育课件18儿科儿童生长发