2022年-金中河西高一期末化满分冲刺宝典

2022年习题版

EERCISESVERSION

金中河西高一期末满分冲刺宝典

——化（MATH）

目录

金中河西高一期末化满分冲刺宝典..................................................4

考点1：Theatomicstructure.................................................................................................................4

Question1........................................................................................................................................4

Question2........................................................................................................................................4

Question3........................................................................................................................................4

Question4........................................................................................................................................5

考点2：Isotope.......................................................................................................................................6

Question1........................................................................................................................................6

Question2........................................................................................................................................6

Question3........................................................................................................................................7

Question4........................................................................................................................................7

考点3：elementcompoundandmixture.............................................................................................8

Question1........................................................................................................................................8

Question2........................................................................................................................................9

Question3........................................................................................................................................9

Question4......................................................................................................................................10

Question5......................................................................................................................................10

考点4：theperiodictable....................................................................................................................11

Question1......................................................................................................................................11

Question2......................................................................................................................................11

Question3......................................................................................................................................12

Question4......................................................................................................................................12

Question5......................................................................................................................................13

Question6......................................................................................................................................13

Question7......................................................................................................................................14

Question8......................................................................................................................................14

Question9......................................................................................................................................15

Question10....................................................................................................................................15

Question11....................................................................................................................................16

Question12....................................................................................................................................16

Question13....................................................................................................................................17

Question14....................................................................................................................................18

Question15....................................................................................................................................18

Question16....................................................................................................................................19

考点5：formulaandequation............................................................................................................20

Question1......................................................................................................................................20

Question2......................................................................................................................................20

Question3......................................................................................................................................20

考点6：Chemicalbonding..................................................................................................................21

Question1......................................................................................................................................21

Question2......................................................................................................................................21

Question3......................................................................................................................................22

Question4......................................................................................................................................22

Question5......................................................................................................................................23

Question6......................................................................................................................................24

Question7......................................................................................................................................25

Question8......................................................................................................................................25

Question9......................................................................................................................................26

Question10....................................................................................................................................26

Question11....................................................................................................................................27

Question12....................................................................................................................................27

Question13....................................................................................................................................28

考点7：calculation.............................................................................................................................29

Question1......................................................................................................................................29

Question2......................................................................................................................................29

Question3......................................................................................................................................29

Question4......................................................................................................................................30

Question5......................................................................................................................................30

Question6......................................................................................................................................31

Question7......................................................................................................................................31

Question8......................................................................................................................................32

Question9......................................................................................................................................32

Question10....................................................................................................................................33

Question11....................................................................................................................................33

Question12....................................................................................................................................34

考点8：Energy....................................................................................................................................35

Question1......................................................................................................................................35

Question2......................................................................................................................................35

Question3......................................................................................................................................36

Question4......................................................................................................................................36

Question5......................................................................................................................................37

简答题.........................................................................38

Question1......................................................................................................................................38

Question2......................................................................................................................................39

Question3......................................................................................................................................40

Question4......................................................................................................................................40

Question5......................................................................................................................................43

Question6......................................................................................................................................44

Question7......................................................................................................................................45

Question8......................................................................................................................................46

Question9......................................................................................................................................48

Question10...................................................................................................................................49

Question11...................................................................................................................................49

Question12....................................................................................................................................51

Question13....................................................................................................................................52

Question14....................................................................................................................................54

Question15....................................................................................................................................56

Question16...................................................................................................................................57

Question17...................................................................................................................................58

金中河西高一期末化满分冲刺宝典

考点1：Theatomicstructure

Question1

Howmanyneutronsarepresentintheatom::X?

A21B24C45D66

Question2

Whichrowdescribesthestructureofthepositiveioninsodiumchloride?

protonselectronsneutrons

A111112

B111012

C171718

D171818

Question3

Whichpairshowsparticleswiththesamechemicalproperties?

A今Mand加，

B今Mand*M

C今Mand第M

D*M*and

Question4

Thetableshowsinformationaboutatomsofthreedifferentelements.

protonnucleonnumberofnumberofnumberof

element

numbernumberprotonsneutronselectrons

chlorine173517W17

chlorine17X171917

argonY40182218

potassium19391920Z

WhatarethevaluesofW,X,YandZ?

WXYZ

A18351819

B18361819

C19351918

D19361918

考点2：Isotope

Question1

Whichstatementabouttheisotopesofanelementiscorrect?

ATheirphysicalpropertiesaredifferentbecausetheyhavedifferentprotonnumbers.

BTheiratomicmassesaredifferentbecausetheyhavedifferentnumbersofelectronshells.

CTheyhavethesamechemicalpropertiesbecausetheyhavethesamenumberofelectronsin

theiroutershells.

DTheyhavethesamephysicalpropertiesbecausetheyhavethesamenumberofneutronsin

theirnuclei.

Question2

Ironhasanatomicnumberof26.Itoccursastheisotopes^Fe,56Fe,57Feand58Fe.

Whichstatementexplainswhytheseisotopeshavethesamechemicalproperties?

ATheyhavesimilarmassnumbers.

BTheyhavethesamenumberofelectronsintheiroutershells.

CTheyhavethesamenumberofneutronsintheirnuclei.

DTheyhavethesamenumberofprotonsintheirnuclei.

Question3

Whichstatementexplainswhyisotopesofthesameelementhavethesamechemicalproperties?

ATheyhaveadifferentnumberofneutronsinthenucleus.

BTheyhavethesamenumberofneutronsinthenucleus.

CTheyhavethesamenumberofoutershellelectrons.

DTheyhavethesamenumberofprotonsasneutrons.

Question4

Thediagramshowssomepropertiesthatsubstancesmayhave.

Towhichlabelledpartofthediagramdoes235Ubelong?

compoundanenergy

source

radioactive

考点3：elementcompoundandmixture

Question1

AsolidXispurifiedinfivesteps.

Thefirstfourstepsofthepurificationareshowninthediagram.

Instep5,howisapuresampleofsolidXobtainedfrommixtureY?

Adissolving

Bdistillation

Cevaporating

Dfiltering

Question2

Informationaboutthesolubilityoffoursolids,P,Q,RandS,isgiveninthetable.

PQRS

solubilityinwaterdissolvesinsolubleinsolubledissolves

Astudentattemptedtoseparatemixturesofthesesolidsusingthefollowingmethod.

1Addthemixturetoabeakerofwaterandstir.

2Filterthemixture.

3Crystalliseoneofthesolidsfromthefiltrate.

Whichofthefollowingmixturescouldnotbeseparatedbythismethod?

AamixtureofPandR

BamixtureofQandP

CamixtureofQandR

DamixtureofRandS

Question3

Asamplecontainsamixtureofpowderedlimestone(calciumcarbonate),sugarandwax.

Whatisthecorrectwaytoobtainapuresampleofsugar?

ADissolvethemixtureindilutehydrochloricacid,filterandwashtheresidue.

BDissolvethemixtureinhexane,filterandevaporatethefiltrate.

CDissolvethemixtureinwater,filterandevaporatethefiltrate.

DDissolvethemixtureinwater,filterandwashtheresidue.

Question4

Chromatographyisdoneonamixturecontainingadrug.ThedrughasanRvalueof0.66.

Thediagramisnotdrawntoscale.

Whichspotonthechromatogramrepresentsthedrug?

Question5

Thepainkillerparacetamolissynthesisedfrom4-aminophenoL

Chromatographywascarriedoutonanimpuresampleofparacetamol.Theresultsareshown

(notdrawntoscale).

0.35cm

key

0.26cmS=impuresampleofparacetamol

P=pureparacetamol

0.17cm

Thesampleofparacetamolwascontaminatedwith4-aminophenolonly.

WhatistheRvalueof4-aminophenol?

A0.49B0.65C0.74D1.35

考点4：theperiodictable

Question1

WhichstatementaboutthePeriodicTableiscorrect?

AElementsinthesamegrouphavethesamenumberofelectronshells.

BItcontainselementsarrangedinorderofincreasingprotonnumber.

CMetalsareontherightandnon-metalsareontheleft.

DThemostreactiveelementsareatthebottomofeverygroup.

Question2

Iodine,I,hasalowerrelativeatomicmassthantellurium,Te,butisplacedafteritinthe

PeriodicTable.

WhichstatementexplainswhyiodineisplacedaftertelluriuminthePeriodicTable?

AIodinehasfewerneutronsthantellurium.

BIodinehasfewerprotonsthantellurium.

CIodinehasmoreneutronsthantellurium.

DIodinehasmoreprotonsthantellurium.

Question3

TheelementssodiumtoargonformPeriod3ofthePeriodicTable.

WhichrowdescribesthetrendacrossPeriod3fromlefttoright?

numberofoutermetallic

groupnumber

shellelectronscharacter

Adecreasesdecreasesdecreases

Bdecreasesincreasesdecreases

Cincreasesdecreasesincreases

Dincreasesincreasesincreases

Question4

Anelementdoesnotconductelectricityandexistsasdiatomicmolecules.

WhereinthePeriodicTableistheelementfound?

AD

B

Question5

ElementsinGroupIofthePeriodicTablereactwithwater.

Whichrowdescribestheproductsmadeinthereactionandthetrendinreactivityofthe

elements?

productstrendinreactivity

Ametalhydroxideandhydrogenlessreactivedownthegroup

Bmetalhydroxideandhydrogenmorereactivedownthegroup

Cmetaloxideandhydrogenlessreactivedownthegroup

Dmetaloxideandhydrogenmorereactivedownthegroup

Question6

SodiumandrubidiumareelementsinGroupIofthePeriodicTable.

Whichstatementiscorrect?

ASodiumatomshavemoreelectronsthanrubidiumatoms.

BSodiumhasalowerdensitythanrubidium.

CSodiumhasalowermeltingpointthanrubidium.

DSodiumismorereactivethanrubidium.

Question7

Magnesium,calcium,strontiumandbariumareGroupIIelements.

GroupIIelementsfollowthesametrendsasGroupIelements.

WhichstatementsaboutGroupIIelementsarecorrect?

1Calciumreactsfasterthanmagnesiumwithwater.

2Bariumreactslessvigorouslythanmagnesiumwithdiluteacid.

3Strontiumoxidisesinairmoreslowlythanbarium.

A1,2and3B1and2onlyC1and3onlyD2and3only

Question8

RubidiumisaGroupImetal.

Whichstatementaboutrubidiumisnotcorrect?

AIthasahighermeltingpointthanlithium.

BIthasoneelectroninitsoutershell.

CItreactsvigorouslywithwater.

DItreactswithchlorinetoformrubidiumchloride,RbCZ.

Question9

Theequationshowsthereactionbetweenahalogenandaqueousbromideions.

X2+2Br-f2X-+Br2

Whichwordscompletegaps1,2and3?

123

Achlorinebrowncolourless

Bchlorinecolouriessbrown

Ciodinebrowncolourless

Diodinecolourlessbrown

Question10

ThePeriodicTablelistsalltheknownelements.

Elementsarearrangedinorderof......1.......number.

ThemeltingpointsofGroupIelements......2.......downthegroup.

ThemeltingpointsofGroupVIIelements......3.......downthegroup.

Whichwordscorrectlycompletegaps1,2and3?

123

Anucleondecreaseincrease

Bnucleonincreasedecrease

Cprotondecreaseincrease

Dprotonincreasedecrease

Question11

Chlorine,bromineandiodineareelementsinGroupVIIofthePeriodicTable.

Whichstatementabouttheseelementsisnotcorrect?

AThecolourgetsdarkerdownthegroup.

BThedensityincreasesdownthegroup.

CTheyareallgasesatroomtemperatureandpressure.

DTheyareallnon-metals.

Question12

AstatineisbelowiodineinGroupVIIinthePeriodicTable.

Whichrowdescribesthepropertiesofastatine?

stateatroom

reactivity

temperature

Agasdisplaceschlorine,bromineandiodine

Bgasdisplacesiodinebutdoesnotdisplacechlorineorbromine

Csoliddisplacesiodinebutdoesnotdisplacechlorineorbromine

Dsoliddoesnotdisplacechlorine,bromineoriodine

Question13

Somepropertiesoffourelements,P,Q,RandS,areshowninthetable.

TwooftheseelementsareinGroupIofthePeriodicTableandtwoareinGroupVIL

physicalstateat

elementreactionwithwater

roomtemperature

Preactsvigorouslysolid

Qdoesnotreactwithwatersolid

Rreactsexplosivelysolid

Sdissolvesgivingacolouredsolutionliquid

Whichstatementiscorrect?

APisbelowRinGroupI.

BQisaboveRinGroupI.

CQisbelowSinGroupVII.

DRisbelowSinGroupVIL

Question14

Gasesareseparatedfromliquidairbyfractionaldistillation.Theboilingpointsoffourgasesare

shown.

Whichgasisbothmonatomicandaliquidat-200℃?

boiling

gas

point/℃

Aargon-186

Bhelium-269

Cneon-246

Dnitrogen-196

Question15

WhichstatementexplainswhyelementsinGroupVIIIofthePeriodicTableareunreactive?

ATheyaremonatomicgases.

BTheyformstablediatomicmolecules.

CTheyhaveafulloutershellofelectrons.

DTheyshareelectronswitheachother.

Question16

ThenoblegasesareinGroupVIIIofthePeriodicTable.

Whichstatementexplainswhynoblegasesareunreactive?

ATheyallhaveeightelectronsintheiroutershells.

BTheyallhavefulloutershells.

CTheyareallgases.

DTheyareallmonoatomic.

考点5：formulaandequation

Question1

MetalXreactswithnon-metalYtoformanioniccompoundwiththeformulaX2Y.

Whichstatementsarecorrect?

1XisinGroupIofthePeriodicTable.

2XisinGroupIIofthePeriodicTable.

3YisinGroupVIofthePeriodicTable.

4YisinGroupVIIofthePeriodicTable.

A1and3B1and4C2and3D2and4

Question2

3+2"

Iron(III)chromateisayellowsolid.ItcontainstheionsFeandCrO4.

Whatistheformulaofiron(III)chromate?

AFeCrO4BFe3(CrO4)2CFe2CrO4DFe2(CrO4)3

Question3

Chromiumformsthecompoundchromium(III)sulfate.

Whatdoesthe(III)represent?

Athechargeonasulfateion

Bthenumberofchromiumionscombinedwithonesulfateion

Cthenumberofsulfateionscombinedwithonechromiumion

Dtheoxidationstateofchromium

考点6：Chemicalbonding

Question1

MetalPreactswithnon-metalQtoformacompound.

Whichprocesstakesplaceandwhichtypeofcompoundisformed?

processtypeofcompound

AelectronsaretransferredfromPtoQcovalent

BelectronsaretransferredfromPtoQionic

CelectronsaretransferredfromQtoPcovalent

Delectronsare