普通大学生就业情况分析(英文版)

Employmentanalysisofordinarygraduates

Inrecentyears,duetotherapidenrollmentinChineseuniversities,asharpincreaseappearsinthenumberofcollegegraduates.Collegestudentsemploymentproblemswillbemoreseverelyincomparisonwithseveralyearsbefore.Eventheelitegraduatesandreturneesemploymentenvironmentisnotoptimistic,letalonetheordinarygraduates.

ThegraduatesofcollegesofChinain2001-2015unit:10000

1.Thecurrentemploymentsituationofcollegestudentstwoinstitutionsinrecentyears,China'seconomyhasbeengrowingrapidly.Upgradingofindustrialstructureaccelerated,drivenbystrongdemandforcollegegraduatesofhighhumancapital.However,duetograduatesupplygrowthexceedseconomicgrowth,themarketdigestedtheexcesssupplyoftalentwilltaketime.Currentstudentsnotonlydifficultemployment,careersandthelackofspace,whichisrelatedtoourpersonnelstructure.WiththestructuralchangesinChina'seconomicsystemreformandlabormarket,asignificantchangeindemandpatternsemployeroccurred.Thecurrentfinancialcrisisisnotonlycausedtothelowendofthelabormarketimpacthasgraduallyspreadtothehigh-endofthelabormarket,anumberofcompaniesinbankruptcyexecutivesalsojoinedtheranksofreemployment,finalyearstudentstobecomeastrongcompetitor.

EmploymentRateofgraduates

Theabovetableshowsthatthenumberofgraduatesandthenumberofunemployedalmostalwaysincreaseeveryyear,andnowthesituationaftersixyearsofincreasinglysevere.

Therefore,theemploymentofcollegestudentshasbecomeadifficultproblemconcernsthepeopleofthecountry,manytheoristsonthisissuehasbeenalotofresearch,andanumberofsolutions,butmostjustgeneralities,onlyforallcollegestudents,andthisgroupdidnotconductadetailedbreakdown.However,weallknow,domesticinstitutionsfocused,non-priority,one,two,three,thespecialistdivisionofdifferentlevelsanddifferentinstitutionsgraduatesinemploymentwhentheactualsituationisdifferent.Employmentinthesameenvironment,thetwocollegestudentsrelativetoothergraduatesofeliteinstitutions,ineducation,expertise,andreputationaswellasschoolcultureattheschoolareaboutthesameemotion,letaloneintheoverallemploymentofuniversitystudentsplightoftheenvironment,theemploymentsituationofnon-keyuniversitygraduatesfacingparticularlyacute,wegetthefollowingdatainsurveysofemploymentdifficultiesreasons:

EmploymentSituation

personaleffects

socialfactors

companys'actors

causeofcolleges

Number

636

126

435

549

proportion

22.6%

45%

12.7%

19.7%

Theabovestatisticsobtained,22.6%ofstudentsbelievethatthemaindifficultyistheirownlackofemployment,whiletheremaining77.4%ofthestudentsthinkthatthedifficultemploymentiscausedbyexternalfactors.

CausesofCollegeStudents2twodifficultemployment

Currently,theemploymentdifficultiesofStudentscanbedividedintotwoaspects:First,thestudentsthemselvesderivedfromtheinternalqualitiesandideas;thesecondisderivedfromthecurrenttalentmanagementandpersonneltrainingsystemtousethemechanismsoftheexternalcommunity.Thecurrentemploymentsituationisindeedserious,butalsonottosaythatcollegestudentstwoinstitutionscannotbeemployed,alsoisagraduateoftwouniversities,butalsobyvirtueofitsownstrength,itiseasytofindpeoplewhoworkandremunerationnotthin,thereisasuchagap,itisaquestionofthestudentsthemselves.Students'OverallQualitydeclineintheprevalenceofuniversitygraduatesintheabsenceofasolidtheoreticalfoundationofknowledge,thephenomenonofself-disciplineandeffectiveandlastingdedicationtothecommunityspirit,strongpracticalabilityandgoodsocialadaptability.Theobjectiveexistenceoftheseproblemshasgreatlyweakenedtheuniversitygraduatesemploymentcompetitiveness,adirectresultoftheiremploymentdifficulties.

InternalFactors

MissingStudentswrongconceptofemploymentanddedication

Nomatterwhatcollegestudentswanttheiruniversityaftergraduationtofindarelaxed,decenttreatmentandgoodworktodo,"Exalted."Longingtoseizea"ironricebowl",agraduatewillhaveregularwork,infact,"ironricebowl"Intoday'senvironment,economyandsocietydonotexist,butsomeideaofcollegestudentshasnotchanged.Inoursurveyalsofoundthatonly4%ofthe12,304studentsinthesurveyofthestudentsarewillingtoreturnhome,thisdataalsoreflectsarealproblem,andthatisthelackofdedication.Intacklingtheproblemofthesevereemploymentsituation,thestatehasadoptedmanypolicies,suchasthewesternregion,tosupporteducationandotherplans,butthenumberofparticipantsisnotsooptimistic,reason,orfearofhardships,lackofdedication.Andtwoordinarystudentunderachievement,plustheso-calledquestionoffacecareandminimumwagejobs,sothatevenintheemploymentrateofvocationalstudentsisfarless.

Therateofemploymentofcollegeincomparionwithvocationalschool

MinimumWageacceptancequestionnaire

Academic

salaryrange

2000-3000

proportion

3000-4000

Proportion

4000+

Proportion

votionalcollegestudents

24

48.00%

16

32.00%

10

20.00%

collegestudents

3

9.38%

9

28.13%

20

62.50%

theothers

5

27.78%

9

50.00%

4

22.22%

Thesurveyaboveshowsthatmostofthe3,000vocationalstudentsstartingminimumwagetomaintainpeaceofmind,mostlyacceptable,butalmostallwanttoundergraduateminimumwagestandardinthebeginningofthemorethan4,000.Andthisisverydifficultinthebeginningwasnotrealistic.

Incontrast,theadvantagesofhighervocationalcollegesintheseareasisveryclear:

①toapplythetypeofmodel-basedculture,studentstrainedinpracticalability,caninashorttimetoreachthedegreeoffamiliaritycontactwork,lovedbytheemployer.

Innovativeapproaches②colleges,identifytheentrypointfortheeconomyandsociety,forpracticaltrainingcatchclosely,mostofthecolleges,inschool,trainingcoursesandmorestudents,andarerichinsocialpracticeteachersleadtraining;secondly,outsidethepracticeforalongtime,enteringthecommunitytoreducethepsychologicaldiscomfort,withahighdegreeofsocialadjustments,andgreatlyimprovetheexperienceandabilitytoadapt.

Mosthighervocationalcolleges③"DoubleCertificatesSystem"inVocationalCollegeVocationalStudentsareencouragedtotesttheskillscertificate,provideskillstrainingopportunities,andthereforeofvocationalstudentsatgraduation,inadditiontoadiploma,usuallythereareafewskillstothecertificate,youcangraduatedirectlyposts,whichinthejobmarketisverycompetitive.

④Inmodernsociety,communicationwiththedockingofinformationisthekeytowinning.MajorCoursesclosetothecommunity,highprofessionallevelsegment,personneltraininganddevelopmentofthesocialsectorpostedatightgrip,therelationshipbetweenindustrialdevelopmentveryclosely,suchasthescarcityofblue-collarworkersintoday'ssociety,vocationalcollegesbecomesseizetheopportunitytotrainalargenumberofblue-collartalent.

⑤school-enterprisecooperation,expandordertraining,companiesneedwhatkindoftalentdirectlywithHigherCollegesfordocking,andactivelyadjusttheCollegeprofessionalcolleges,cultivatetalentneeded,theimplementationofagoodrelationshipbetweensupplyanddemand,ensuringhighemploymentsigningratelevelcolleges.

ownlackofexpertise,lackofpracticalskillsandtraining

EnrollmentofstudentsofUniversityStudentsofleadquality,theleveloftraininghasdeclined,contemporarygraduateswereasfollows:

First,professionalknowledgesolidenough,thelackofcorecompetitivenesstwoinstitutionswithrespectforthewell-knowncollegesanduniversities,althoughthetrainingmodesimilar,butthelearningculturedifferences.Twocollegesinsomestudentslearningattitudeisnotcorrect,wedonotattachimportancetotheirprofessionalknowledge,learning,andstudents'individualnoheterogeneityofcorecompetencies,suchasorganizationandcoordinationskills,communicationskills,socialresilience.

Second,manygraduateslackpracticalabilityisalsotheabilitytostayonthebooks,thinking,lacktheabilitytosolvepracticalproblems.Andtheschooldoesnotpayattentiontostudents'practicalabilities,thestudentsthemselvesdonotpayattention,resultinginlittlesocialcontactwithgraduates,understandingisnotenough.

Employmentexpectationsaretoohigh,notenoughontheirownposition

Studentsontheonehandeasytooverestimatetheirsocialvalue,soyoucanmakeunrealisticlevelpositioningfortheirprofessionalpositions,ontheotherhanditispronetorushtogettheirhighereducationcoststoanabsoluteorproportionalhigherproportionofmaterialrewards.Twosuchmentalityintercoursewillinevitablyleadtouniversitygraduatesproducedfromthepsychologicalhigh,unrealisticpersonalandprofessionalexpectations.Ourprinciplecollegestudentscareerorientationandemploymentareasmadeasurveyinthesurvey,thefollowingdata:

Careerorientation

Typeofvocation

Government'department

Foreignenterprise

Privateenterprise

Stateownedunits

Publicinstitutions

Self-employed

Number

519

555

230

579

522

329

Proportion

19.0%

20.3%

8.4%

21.2%

19.0%

12.1%

Selectionoftheareaofemployment

Treatment

Highsalary

Provideanopportunitytolearnmore

Asubstantialincomewithinternationalstandards

PostMultipleTalentsofgoodgovernancepolicy

Easytostartbusiness

Fancylivingconditions

Goodbusinessenvironmen

Returnforhometown

Number

1074

304

373

559

402

254

222

136

Proportion

32.3%

9.1%

11.3%

16.8%

12.1%

7.6%

6.7%

4.1%

Theabovedatashowthat:mostgraduatesarehopingtofindabetterlivingconditions,agoodsalaryworkingineconomicallydevelopedareas,citiesorindustryisapopularchoiceformostgraduates,whilethewesternregion,thebasicunitsoftencannotfindtherightpeople,wecanseethatnotenoughjobsforcollegestudentsnochoicebutemploymentofuniversitystudentsexpecttoomuch,unwilling"wronged"themselves.Over-emphasisonwages,strongutilitarian,theseideasdirectlyaffecttheirsuccessfulemployment.Willingtostayintheeconomicallydevelopedcities,notwillingtoreturnhomeemployment.Thiscareerorientationtoeconomicbenefits,employmentareasinthefirstplace,over-emphasisontheirdiploma,toenhancetheirvaluetoohigh,leadingorgans,institutions,state-ownedenterprisescandidatesgathered,andprivateenterprises,privateenterprises,west,grass-rootsrural,hardindustryisunabletoattractmuch-neededtalent.Highexpectationsandcareeroutlookandsocialneedsofgraduatesheldcontrary,itisanimportantcauseofcollegestudents"Employment".

lackofconfidence

Lowself-esteemisanimportantreasonleadingtoemploymentofuniversitystudentsmakingmistakes.Studentseasilyloseconfidenceinthefaceofdifficultiesatthetimetothecommunity.Thusthepresenceofmentaldisorderatthetimeofgraduationemploymentallocationofwork,sothattheycannotgetridofallthementalburden,notacorrectunderstandingofthesocial,evaluationofself,notinordertocalmthemind,magnanimousofmind,toacceptthechallengeofemployment,capacityVientianeworld,becausealreadysystemshouldbeestablishedcareergoals.

ExternalFactors

2.2.1Theconceptofdislocationemployer

Someemployersconductemploymenttobefurtherstandardized,therearerelationswiththeselectionofpeople,excessivedemandishigh,theblindpursuitofelite,highlyeducated,notfromrealityaccordingtotheirownneedstochoose,andsomeunitsinadditiontothebasicqualityrequirementsforgraduateswithbasicskillsbeyondbasicliteracy,butalsoitrequiresgraduatestohavesomeabilityposts.Andcollegestudentsjustenteredthecommunity,itisthelackofpracticalability,butalsotheemployerismostneededtoprovidetrainingplatform,whichvirtuallygaveemploymentofuniversitystudentsmoredifficult.Individualcompaniesalsogenderdiscrimination,forvariousreasonsrefusedtoacceptfemalestudents,leadingtoemploymentoffemalegraduatesisrelativelydifficult.

CausesofUniversities

First,thesupplyanddemanddislocation,educationandmarketdecoupling.Universitiesintheprofessionalsettingmorecasual,thelackofinvestigationandunderstandingofsocialneeds,withoutconsideringtheactualleveloftheschoolitselfanddemandstheopeningofblindpopularprofessionalsociety,resultinginaduplicatesetofprofessionalcollegesanduniversities,leadtosaturationofsomeprofessionalstoincreaseemploymentdifficultyoftheMajors.

Second,tokeepupwithcareerguidance,employmentchannelisnotsmooth.Universitygraduatesareinacriticalperiodandtrulyenteredthecommunity,thecommunityisnotveryunderstanding,theirjobsandthefuturepositioningasbewilderedandconfused,abouttheneedforschoolstoprovidethemwithcareerplanning,employmenthelp,buttheschoolthepresenceofcareerguidanceandinformationlag,employmentchannels,pooremploymentinformation.Careerguidancetothroughoutthewholeprocessofcollegelife,studentsshouldbethebeginningofschool,studentswilldeliberatelycareerawareness,helpstudentslong-termplanningcareer,careeroptionstostrengtheneducation.Practicehasprovedthatonlyprovideemploymentguidanceandservicesinthefaceofgraduationlastyear,itispassiveandnotenough.

Third,ignoretheimportanceofpracticalactivities.

Somecollegesanduniversitiesdonotfocusontrainingthepracticalabilityofcollegestudents,donotaskthestudentstogooutinternships,leadingstudentsinrealWecannotachievethedesiredtrainingrequirementscannottaketheinitiativetoenhancetheabilitytoadapttosociety.AlthoughcollegesanduniversitiesintheuseofSocialPracticeofCollegeStudentsofcreationandpracticehasaccumulatedalotofexperience,butfromthesocialpracticeinCollegeswecaneasilyfind,therearestillsomedeficienciesinthecasehadbeensuccessful.[3]suchassocialpractice,sayingthelackoftargeteddesign,organizationandimplementation.Schoolsorganizedsocialpracticetoorigid,superficial,lackingdepth,innovationandpracticalabilityforuniversitystudentsorganizedsocialpracticeisrare.Universitiestoorganizemorestudentstovisitfactoriesandminesandevenscenic,thelackofcollegestudentstotaketheinitiativetoinnovativethinking,problem-solvingspace.Thereissocialpracticemechanismisnotperfect,notmanagementUniform,scatteredresourcesandsocialpracticeeducationbaseconstructionstagnation,andlackofcommunitysupportissuesandsoon.

unhealthytrendsinsociety

Currentlyexistsonsocialbureaucracy,cronyism,throughthebackdoorandsounhealthy,ithaserodedthe"ivorytower"pure,haveanimpactonemploymentandemploymentorientationmeanscollegestudents.Professionalemploymentrelationshipcausingdislocationorlowenergyleveldislocationendlesspastures.Somelackoftechnicalexpertise,cannotdotheirjob"relationshipbetweenthefamilies"occupyprofessionalpositions,formedinthepostofstaffqualitydegrad