2012年中考英语考点知识10定语从句素材

（一）agoodbookgoodbook。用，又被叫做定语从句(Thettrbuivelause)。有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前而是放在名词之后它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词如：Doyounwthescientistogavesetalkhisafteon?这句的主句是oyounwescnt?你知道那位科学家吗?而whogaveshelkhisaernoon(他天下午给我们作的报告。是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里scintist叫作先行词而who作定语从句的引导词。who在定从句中起主语的作用，who数与它的先行词相同又如：oumustdoeveythingthatIdo 这里先词是everytng，而thatIdo是定语从句此句应译为你必须作我所作的一切。hat叫作定语从句的引导词在句中作do的语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词：tht，whic，ho，who，wose关系副词en，wer，y，。不论关系代词还是关系副词都应放于先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。①thatAplaneisamachinethatcanfly这里machinethat是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞Ilikethebookthat)youlentmeyesterdaybook时可以省略，即：IlikethebookyoulentmeyesterdaywhichThebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks这里shop是先行词，which在从句中作主语。又如：Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful这里主句是Thebookwaswonderful而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book，即我昨晚读的那本书，which在定语从句中作read的宾语，可以省略。③who，whom，whosewho在定语从句中作主语，whom是who的宾格，在whose则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。WhoWho'sthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?whomto的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的whom也常常可用who代替。ThisisourclassmateMarywhosehomeisnotfarfromourschool这是我们的同学 Isawtheman. HeclosedthedoorIsawthemanwho(that)closedtheThegirlishappy ThegirlwhowontheraceishappyThestudentsarefromChina TheysitinthefrontrowThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina(studentswho的数也应看作复数。Wearestudyingsentences Wearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectiveThetaxidriverwasfriendly HetookmetotheairportThetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly Thebookwasgood ThebookthatIreadwasgoodThebookIreadwasgoodThepeoplewereverynice Thepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice Themancalledthepolice ThemanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepoliceIcomefromacountry ItshistorygoesbackthousandsofyearsIcomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyearsIhavetocalltheman IpickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeetingIhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeetingwhomwhich在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语whomwhich与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置ThatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyearsThatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenHewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingforwhom可以lookforfor放于定语从句之前。that作关系代词作talkingabouthascometoourschool这时不可用aboutthat…请看下面例句：Themeetingwasinteresting ThemeetingthatIwenttowasinterestingThemanwasverykind ItalkedtohimyesterdayThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykindImustthankthepeople IgotapresentfromhimImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfromThepicturewasbeautiful ShewaslookingatitThepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautifulThemanisstandingoverthere ItoldyouabouthimThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingovertherewhenwherewhywhen用来指时间，在定语IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWallwhere则指地点，如：Thisisthehousewheretheoldman Thecitywasbeautiful ThecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautifulThatistherestaurant IwillmeetyouthereThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyouThetownissmall ThetownwhereIgrewupissmallThatisthedrawer IkeepmynewpapersthereThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapersMondayistheday WewillcomethenMondayisthe Whenwewill７∶０５isthetimeMyplanearrivesisthetimewhenmyplane isthe Therevolutiontookplace １９６０istheyearwhentherevolutiontookJulyisthemonth TheweatherisusuallythehottestthenJulyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：IwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvitedStatesthroughtheseyears，wasshotonApril１４，１８６５atatheatreinwashingtonGalileolivedinthecityofPisawherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feet（二）［误］Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachme［正］Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesme［析］whotheperson单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：IwhoamastudentwanttofindasparetimejobwhoI是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该am。［误］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorld［正］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorld［析］who，因为其先行词有两个一个是things(物)，而另一个people人)whowhichthat［误］ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywasvery［正］ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdaywasvery［析］whichwhenwhowhomwherewhenwhose等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有that不易用于非限制性定语从句。［误］ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryuseful［正］ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryuseful［析］［误］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfrom［正］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfrom［析］theoneanyonethosewhich用who［误］Thisistheroominthattheoldman［正］Thisistheroominwhichtheoldman［正］Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlives［正］Thisistheroomthattheoldmanlives［析］thatthat作引导词，而且可以省略。如：Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin［误］Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodfor［正］Icandoeverythingthatisgoodfortheone等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用which而用that作定语从句的引［误］Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudying［正］Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudying［析］onlyanyfewlittlenoalloneof等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用which作关系代词，而要用that。［误］ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichI'veever［正］Thisisthef