英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）Unit 1 质量检测试卷

高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修Book2Unit1质量检测试卷第一部分品词填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1.Theyd__________(减少)thesizeofthegroupfrom25to15yesterday.2.Whenthemanwasfounddead,thepolicearrestedtwos__________(嫌疑犯).3.Thegirlturnedtheh___________(把手)andopenedthedoor.4.Heusedhiss________________(重大的)influencetochangethethinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue.5.Scientistshavecollectedmores_____________(数据）thanexpectedtoprovethetheory.6.Throughheri____________(介入）,thematterwassolvedverywell.7.Hewasquiteb____________(才华横溢的）andpromotedalmostatonce.8.Thevaccineisdevelopedtoprotectthewholepopulationagainsti___________(感染)ofCOVID-199.Theysuccessfullyt_____________(改变)thecompanyintoaglobalonein2001.10.StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandg________(有天分的)scientistsinphysics.11.Theyweretakingturnstobeonthenights_________(轮班).12.Customsofficialshavemadeaseriesofc_______________(相互矛盾的）statementsabouttheequipment.13.Theboydiedofm___________(数量多的)injures,andeveryoneherefeltsadforhim.14.Inremoteregions,theairisp_____________(纯的，干净的).15.Youhavetohavep_____________(证明)ofthesupportingevidence.16.Ag_____

(掌握)ofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.17.Computerprogrammingneedssomeonewithal_____(逻辑的)mind.18.Thephotowastakenfromadifferenta_____

(角度).19.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorem_____(成熟的)andresponsible.20.Theyplannedtokeeptheb_____

(预算)lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withtheoccasionalhamburgershoptreat.【答案】1.decreased2.suspects3.handle4.substantial5.statistics6.intervention7.brilliant8.infection9.transformed10.gifted11.shift12.contradictory13.multiple14.pure15.proof16.grasp17.logical18..angle19..mature20.budget第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheFiveBestCountriestoMovetoforRetirementRetiringinadifferentcountryisgainingpopularity.Belowarefiveofthebestcountriestoseekretirement.CostaRicaMildclimate,breathtakinglandscapesandbeachesdrawretireestoCostaRica.Thecountryreadilywelcomesimmigrantsandoffersasimpleresidencyprocess.Withamonthlyincomeofatleast$1,000permonthfromSocialSecurityorasimilarsource,peopleenjoyahighstandardoflivingatamuchlowercostthantheU.S.MalaysiaRetireeswhochoosetomakeMalaysiahomewillappreciateitsrichcultureandattractivescenery.Moreover,thecountryoffersmodernfacilitiesatmodestprices.ImmigrantsenjoyConvenienceandcomfortintheirdailylife.Youwillfindlow-costrentalunits,deliciousstreetfood,andvariousshoppingmalls.MexicoBecauseit’sclosetotheU.S.,MexicodrawsmorethanamillionAmericanretireestoitsborders.IncreasingimmigrantcommunitiesenjoyseasidelivingandconversationswithfriendlyEnglishspeakinglocals.Plus,legalresidentsovertheageof60receiveairline,grocery,andrestaurantdiscounts.PanamaGentleoceanwindtakestheheatoutofhotyear-roundtemperatures,whichhasbeenthechiefattractiontoforeignretirees.BeautifulbeachesandaboomingeconomyalsoattractretireestoPanama.Anincomeof$2,000permonthcoversmodestlivingcosts.Furthermore,thecountryoffersdiscountstoretireeswithaspecialvisa.21.WhatdoCostaRicaandMalaysiahaveincommon.A.Convenientshopping.B.Relativelylowlivingcost.C.Variousculturalactivities.D.Simpleimmigrationprocedures.22.WhichcountrylocationspeciallyattractsretireesfromtheU.S.?A.Malaysia’s. B.Mexico’s.C.Panama’s. D.CostaRica’s.23.WhatisthemainreasonforretireestochoosePanama?A.Beautifulbeaches. B.Aboomingeconomy.C.Apleasantclimate. D.Discountsforretirees.【答案】21.B22.B23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了五个最适合退休之后去的国家。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据CostaRica中的“Withamonthlyincomeofatleast$1,000permonthfromSocialSecurityorasimilarsource,peopleenjoyahighstandardoflivingatamuchlowercostthantheU.S.”（他们每个月从社会保险或类似来源获得至少1000美元的收入，以比美国低得多的成本享受高水平的生活。）根据Malaysia中“Moreover,thecountryoffersmodernfacilitiesatmodestprices.ImmigrantsenjoyConvenienceandcomfortintheirdailylife.Youwillfindlow-costrentalunits,deliciousstreetfood,andvariousshoppingmalls.”（此外，该国还以适中的价格提供现代化设施。移民在日常生活中享受着便利和舒适。你会发现廉价的出租单元，美味的街头小吃和各种各样的购物中心。）由此可知，哥斯达黎加和马来西亚的共同之处在于生活成本相对较低。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Mexico中的“Becauseit’sclosetotheU.S.,MexicodrawsmorethanamillionAmericanretireestoitsborders.”（由于靠近美国，墨西哥吸引了100多万美国退休人员来到其边境。）由此可知，墨西哥吸引来自美国的退休人员。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Panama中的“Gentleoceanwindtakestheheatoutofhotyear-roundtemperatures,whichhasbeenthechiefattractiontoforeignretirees.”（温和的海风带走了全年高温的热量，这一直是吸引外国退休人员的主要原因）由此可知，退休人员选择巴拿马的主要原因是宜人的气候。故选C项。BWe'veseenaworldwidehealthcrisis(危机)bringouttheworstinsomepeople,butfortunately,we'vealsobeenabletoseeitbringoutthebestinothers.AtaxidriverinSpainhasbeenprovidingCOVID-19(新冠肺炎)patientswithfreeridestoandfromthehospitals.Doctorsandnurseswantedtosurprisehimwiththeirthanksforhelpingout.Theytrickedhimdowntothehospitalunderthepretenseofneedingtopickupasickpatient,butinreality,doctorsandnurseslinedthehallwaitingtoapplaud(鼓掌)him.“Thisisasurprisethathasbeengiventoataxidriverwhotakespatientstothehospitalswithoutcharge,”wrotethetaxicompanythatfirstsharedthevideo.Themanseemedcompletelytakenabackbythegesture,stoppinginthemiddleofthedoorsasthewholeroomcheeredforhim.HewasalsogivenanenvelopefullofmoneyandthesatisfyingresultsofhisownCOVID-19test.Thevideohassincebeensharedtensofthousandsoftimesacrosstheworld,becausekindgesturesbreakthelanguagebarrier(障碍).“Whenthecrisisisfinished,therewillhavebeentwotypesofpeople...thegoodandthebad,”oneuserwrote.“Withworkmateslikehim,Iamproudtobeataxidriver,sonofataxidriver,andfatherofataxidriver.”Withthewordinhardtimes,justknowinggoodpeoplearetheredoinggooddeedsissomethingwecanallappreciate.24.Wecanlearnfromthestorythat____________.A.thedrivertookdoctorstoandfromthehospitalsB.thetaxicompanytickedthedrivertopickupapatientC.thepatientslinedthehalltothankthedriverD.thedriverstayedsafefromCOVID-1925.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takenaback"inParagraph5mean?A.Worried. B.Amazed. C.Frightened. D.Excited.26.Whyhasthevideobeensharedsomanytimesacrosstheworld?A.Itmovespeopleofdifferentnations.B.Itencouragesmorepeopletobeataxidriver.C.Itshowstherewillhavebeentwotypesofpeople.D.ItcallsfordoctorsandnursestofightCOVID-19.27.Whatistheauthorintendedtotellus?A.Thereisalwayskindnessaroundus.B.Weshouldbeproudofourownjobs.C.Helpingothersisthebiggesthappiness.D.Taxidriversplayanimportantpartinthiscrisis.【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了西班牙一名出租车司机免费为新冠肺炎病人提供往返医院的免费乘车服务，受到了医生护士等很多人的赞扬。一场全球性的健康危机，在一些人身上带来了最坏的结果，但我们也看到了它给其他人带来了最好的结果。从而我们知道，在困难时期，只要知道有好人在那里做好事，我们都能感激。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段HewasalsogivenanenvelopefullofmoneyandthesatisfyingresultsofhisownCOVID-19test.可知，他还得到了一个装满钱的信封和他自己的COVID-19测试的令人满意的结果。由此可以看出，测试结果满意即没有COVID-19病毒，也就是司机没有受到COVID-19的袭击。故选D。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第四段Thisisasurprisethathasbeengiventoataxidriverwhotakespatientstothehospitalswithoutcharge.可知，医生和护士为他鼓掌这件事让一位免费送病人去医院的出租车司机感到意外。又因第五段的stoppinginthemiddleofthedoorsasthewholeroomcheeredforhim.可知，当整个房间都在为他欢呼时，他停在门中间。所以可以看出，司机是被医生和护士的行为吓到了，感到惊讶，所以takenaback意思为惊讶，故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据Thevideohassincebeensharedtensofthousandsoftimesacrosstheworld,becausekindgesturesbreakthelanguagebarrier(障碍).(此后，这段视频在世界各地被分享了数万次，因为善意的举动打破了语言障碍)并结合上文内容可知，司机善意的举动让人感动，这段视频打破了语言障碍，让来自不同国家的人感动，视频被不断转发分享。故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章“Whenthecrisisisfinished,therewillhavebeentwotypesofpeople...thegoodandthebad,”oneuserwrote.“Withworkmateslikehim,Iamproudtobeataxidriver,sonofataxidriver,andfatherofataxidriver.”和Withthewordinhardtimes,justknowinggoodpeoplearetheredoinggooddeedsissomethingwecanallappreciate.可知，通过网络分享了出租车司机的好人好事以及医生和护士对他的感激，从而我们知道，即使在困难时期，只要知道有人在做好事，我们就非常感激，再结合第一段的We'veseenaworldwidehealthcrisis(危机)bringouttheworstinsomepeople,butfortunately,we'vealsobeenabletoseeitbringoutthebestinothers.可知，我们已经看到了一场全球性的健康危机，在一些人身上带来了最坏的结果，但幸运的是，我们也看到了它给其他人带来了最好的结果。所以作者是为了告诉我们善意在我们身边。故选A。CThereare195countriesintheworldtodaybutalmostnoneofthemhavepurpleontheirnationalflags.Sowhat’swrongwithpurple?It’ssuchapopularcolortoday.Theanswerisreallyquitesimple.Purplewasjustfartooexpensive.Thecolorpurplehasbeenrelatedtoroyalpowerandwealthforcenturies.QueenElizabethIdidn’tallowanyoneexceptclosemembersoftheroyalfamilytowearit.Purple’suniquepositioncomesfromtherarityandhighcostofthedye(染料)usedtoproduceit.Thedyewasfromasmallseasnail(海螺)thatwasonlyfoundintheTyreareaoftheMediterranean.Over10,000snailswereneededtocreatejustonegramofTyrianpurple;nottomentionlotsofworkwentintoproducingthedye,whichmadepurpledyesoexpensiveevenforsomeroyalfamilies.ThirdcenturyRomanEmperorAureliowouldn’tallowhiswifetobuyscarvesmadefrompurplesilkbecauseitcostthreetimesitsweightingold.Asinglepoundofdyecostthreepoundsofgold,whichequals56,000dollarstoday.Therefore,eventherichestcountriescouldn’tspendthatmuchhavingpurpleontheirflags.In1856,18-year-oldEnglishchemistWilliamHenryPerkinaccidentallycreatedaman-madepurpledyewhileattemptingtoproduceananti-malariadrug.Henoticedthatitcouldbeusedtodyecloth.Hepatented(获得专利)thedyeandmass-producedit.Therefore,everybodycouldaffordit.Tillnow,ahandfulofnewnationalflagshavebeendesignedandafewofthemhavechosentousepurple.28.Whywasthecolorpurpleexpensiveinthepast?A.Becauseonlyroyalfamilieswereallowedtowearpurple.B.Becauseittookalongtimetogetpurpledyefromsnails.C.Becausepurpledyewasworthasmuchasgold.D.Becausepurpledyeusedtobeuncommonandhardtoproduce.29.HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingnumbers. B.Byanalyzingtheeffect.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Bylistingexamples.30.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Asinglepoundofdyecostthreepoundsofgold.B.Royalfamiliesstoppedusingpurpleduetoitshighprice.C.WilliamHenryPerkincontributestothepopularityofpurple.D.Afewnewnationalflagshavechosentousepurple.31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NoPurpleFlags? B.Purplevs.GoldC.HowtoProducePurpleDye? D.TheBirthoftheColorPurple【答案】28.D29.D30.C31.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了几乎没有哪个国家的国旗上有紫色，原因是因为在过去紫色很贵，随后文章介绍了人造紫色染料的发现历程。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Purple’suniquepositioncomesfromtherarityandhighcostofthedye(染料)usedtoproduceit.Thedyewasfromasmallseasnail(海螺)thatwasonlyfoundintheTyreareaoftheMediterranean.Over10,000snailswereneededtocreatejustonegramofTyrianpurple;nottomentionlotsofworkwentintoproducingthedye,whichmadepurpledyesoexpensiveevenforsomeroyalfamilies.(紫色的独特之处在于它所用染料的稀有性和高成本。这种染料来自一种只在地中海提尔地区发现的小型海蜗牛。仅制造一克紫色需要超过10,000只蜗牛，更不用说大量的工作投入到生产这种染料，这使得紫色染料甚至对一些王室成员来说都非常昂贵)”可知制造紫色的染料很稀有，即很少见；而且仅制造一克就需要用到超过10000只蜗牛，这个工作量很大，更别提大量投入生产了，这个生产难度实在太大了；综上所述，在过去紫色贵是因为生产紫色的染料很少见而且生产难度很大；故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段“QueenElizabethIdidn’tallowanyoneexceptclosemembersoftheroyalfamilytowearit.(伊丽莎白一世不允许除了皇室成员之外的任何人穿戴它)”；“ThirdcenturyRomanEmperorAureliowouldn’tallowhiswifetobuyscarvesmadefrompurplesilkbecauseitcostthreetimesitsweightingold.(三世纪的罗马皇帝奥雷里奥不允许他的妻子购买紫色丝绸制成的围巾，因为它的价格是黄金的三倍)”可知文章拿伊丽莎白不允许除皇室成员之外的人穿戴紫色和三世纪的罗马皇帝奥雷里不允许妻子购买紫色丝绸围巾作为例子，引出一系列关于对紫色昂贵原因的描述，即染料的稀有性和生产的难度，故第二段是通过举例来展开描述的。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“It’ssuchapopularcolortoday.(今天这颜色很流行)”可知紫色在当今是很流行的；由文章第三段“In1856,18-year-oldEnglishchemistWilliamHenryPerkinaccidentallycreatedaman-madepurpledyewhileattemptingtoproduceananti-malariadrug.Henoticedthatitcouldbeusedtodyecloth.Hepatented(获得专利)thedyeandmass-producedit.Therefore,everybodycouldaffordit.(1856年，18岁的英国化学家WilliamHenryPerkin在试图生产一种抗疟疾药物时，意外地创造了一种人造紫色染料。他注意到它可以用来染布。他为这种染料申请了专利，并批量生产。因此，每个人都能负担得起)”可知WilliamHenryPerkin创造了人造紫色染料并批量生产紫色，这才使得人人能用得起紫色，因此推知WilliamHenryPerkin对于紫色的流行是有大贡献的。故选C项。【31题详解】标题判断题。文章第一段“Thereare195countriesintheworldtodaybutalmostnoneofthemhavepurpleontheirnationalflags.Sowhat’swrongwithpurple?It’ssuchapopularcolortoday.Theanswerisreallyquitesimple.Purplewasjustfartooexpensive.（现在世界上有195个国家，但是几乎没有一个国家国旗是紫色的。紫色有什么不好？当今这颜色很流行。答案其实很简单。紫色太贵了。）”可知文章开篇讲述了195个国家几乎没有使用紫色在其国旗上面的，引出文章后面段落对紫色昂贵的原因以及人造紫色发展历程的描述；故全文都是围绕为什么没有紫色国旗这个话题来展开描述的，故A项“NoPurpleFlags?（没有紫色国旗？）”适合作为本文标题；故选A项。DWhatifacitybench(长凳)couldprovideaplacenotjusttositbutalsotobreathealittleeasier?ThatistheideabehindCityTree,a14-foot-highenergy-efficientbenchcoveredwithmoss(苔藓).CityTreeistheinventionofPeterSanger,29,agardeningexpertandtheCEOofGreenCitySolutions.Thecompanyseekstoanswerachallengingquestion:Howcanwebringnatureintothecityanduseitspositiveeffectsontheatmosphereatscale?TheideastruckSangerwhenhelearnedaboutthecleaningeffectsofvariousplants,particularlymoss,asauniversitystudent.“That’swhatgotmeexcited—findingthatthesolutiontoairpollutionliesinnature,hesays.“Afterall,naturehasmillionsofyearsofexperienceinmakingairpure(纯净).”Fromtheoutside,theCityTreelookslikeabenchwithatowercoveredinmoss.Butinsideisafullyautomatedsystemthatprovidesenoughwaterformosstogrow.Thebuilt-inIOT(物联网)technologymonitorsitsperformanceandconditions,aswellasprovidingenvironmentaldatafromthesurroundingarea.AccordingtoGreenCitySolutions,theCityTreeimprovestheairqualityarounditbyupto53%andcancoolthesurroundingairby4℃.Theunitcanprovideapleasantperiodofbreathableairinplaceswherepeopletendtostay.”Thinkofabusstoponabusystreet,astreetcafe,evenaninner-cityschoolyard.”hesays.However,theCityTreeisjustthebeginning.Itsnextgenerationisaslimmermodelthatcontainsadigitalscreenononesideandamosswallontheother.32.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anair-coolingproduct. B.Anideaforpurercityair.C.Sanger’slifeexperiences. D.Theproblemsofairpollution.33.WhatwasSangerexcitedtolearnaboutasauniversitystudent?A.Theapplicationofmoss. B.Humans’dependenceonnature.C.Nature’ssolutiontoairpollution. D.Thediversityofair-cleaningplants.34.WhereisaCityTreedevicemostlikelytobefound?A.Attheseaside. B.Inarosegarden.C.Inastreetmarket. D.Ontopofamountain.35.Thetextismostlikelyfrom________.A.asciencemagazine B.atravelguideC.amedicaljournal D.abiologytextbook【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了一项净化城市空气的产品CityTree的研发理念、功能特点和更新趋势。【32题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段“Whatifacitybench(长凳)couldprovideaplacenotjusttositbutalsotobreathealittleeasier?ThatistheideabehindCityTree,a14-foot-highenergy-efficientbenchcoveredwithmoss(苔藓)”（如果城市长凳不仅能提供一个坐着的地方，还能让人更轻松地呼吸呢?这就是CityTree背后的想法，这是一个14英尺高、覆盖着苔藓的节能长凳。）和第二段“CityTreeistheinventionofPeterSanger,29,agardeningexpertandtheCEOofGreenCitySolutions.Thecompanyseekstoanswerachallengingquestion:Howcanwebringnatureintothecityanduseitspositiveeffectsontheatmosphereatscale?”（CityTree是29岁的PeterSanger的发明，他是一位园艺专家，也是绿色城市解决方案公司的首席执行官。该公司试图回答一个具有挑战性的问题:我们如何将自然带入城市，并大规模地利用其对大气的积极影响?）可知，短文主要是关于一个更纯净的城市空气的想法。故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheideastruckSangerwhenhelearnedaboutthecleaningeffectsofvariousplants,particularlymoss,asauniversitystudent.“That’swhatgotmeexcited—findingthatthesolutiontoairpollutionliesinnature,hesays.“Afterall,naturehasmillionsofyearsofexperienceinmakingairpure(纯净).”（桑格在上大学时了解到各种植物，尤其是苔藓的清洁效果后，产生了这个想法。他说：“这让我很兴奋，因为我发现解决空气污染的办法在于大自然。”“毕竟，大自然在净化空气方面有数百万年的经验。”）由此可知，作为一名大学生，桑格对大自然解决空气污染的方法感到兴奋。故选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Theunitcanprovideapleasantperiodofbreathableairinplaceswherepeopletendtostay.”Thinkofabusstoponabusystreet,astreetcafe,evenaninner-cityschoolyard.”hesays.”（该装置可以在人们喜欢待的地方提供舒适的空气。”想象一下繁忙街道上的公交车站，街头咖啡馆，甚至市中心的校园。”他说。）可知，CityTree设备最容易在繁忙的市场被发现。故选C项。【35题详解】推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段“Whatifacitybench(长凳)couldprovideaplacenotjusttositbutalsotobreathealittleeasier?ThatistheideabehindCityTree,a14-foot-highenergy-efficientbenchcoveredwithmoss(苔藓)”（如果城市长凳不仅能提供一个坐着的地方，还能让人更轻松地呼吸呢?这就是CityTree背后的想法，这是一个14英尺高、覆盖着苔藓的节能长凳。）第二段“CityTreeistheinventionofPeterSanger,29,agardeningexpertandtheCEOofGreenCitySolutions.Thecompanyseekstoanswerachallengingquestion:Howcanwebringnatureintothecityanduseitspositiveeffectsontheatmosphereatscale?”（CityTree是29岁的PeterSanger的发明，他是一位园艺专家，也是绿色城市解决方案公司的首席执行官。该公司试图回答一个具有挑战性的问题：我们如何将自然带入城市，并大规模地利用其对大气的积极影响?）可知，短文主要是关于一个更纯净的城市空气的想法。所以短文可能来自科学杂志。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Floodscanstrikequicklyandwithlittlewaninginmanypartsoftheworld.Survivingafloodisamatterofpreparationandcorrectactionassoonasthedisasterbegins.____36____.●Makeafloodsurvivalplan.____37____.Pickseveralmeetingspotsincaseyouneedtoleavehome,suchasafriend’shomeinasafetownorashelterinyourarea.Makesureeveryoneinthefamilyknowwheretheselocationsareandhowtogetthere.Makesurethesheltersandtheroutestothemarethroughhighground.●Escapefloodwaters.Youmayhaveonlyashorttimetoescape.Actquickly,usingyourplannedroute.Headtothechosensheltersduringfloodwarnings.Whenemergencyservicestellyoutoleave,followtheiradvice.Movetohighergroundawayfromwater.Whetheryouareonfootorhavetogiveupyourcar,highergroundisyourbestoption.Ifyou’restuckathome,headfortheroofifyoucandososafely.Avoidcrossingthroughwater.Wateruptoyourankles(脚踝)isenoughtobedangerous.Whenyou’renotsureofthewaterdepth,don’triskit.____38____.Useittomeasurethewater’sdepthandfeelforstable(稳固的)ground.●Follownewsandwarnings.Floodinginformationcanbefoundonyourlocalnewsorweatherstation’sTVchannelorwebsite.____39____.Also,listentolocalradiostationsforregularupdates.●____40____.Roadsandotherpathsmayhavebeendestroyed.Stayoffbridges.Thesoilunderusualrouteswillbesoftandlessabletosupporttheweightofvehicles.Findotherroutesoverhighgroundorwaitfortheauthoritiestoindicatewhichroadsaresafe.A.WatchoutfordamagedareasB.ProtectyourhomeduringafloodC.Ifyouhavetogothroughwater,bringastickD.SitdownwithyourfamilytoestablishaplanofactionE.Ifyourcargetsstuckinwater,openorbreakthewindowsF.HerearesometipstohelpyouandyourfamilysurviveafloodG.Youshouldreceiveweatherinformationtomonitorchangesintheweather【答案】36.F37.D38.C39.G40.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了一些帮助人们在洪水中生存的建议。【36题详解】上文“Survivingafloodisacombinationofpreparationandappropriateactionassoonasthedisasterbegins.”（要想躲过洪水，一开始就得做好准备工作和采取适当的行动。）提到在洪水中生存准备工作和行动的重要性，下文给出了具体的建议，则设空处应该是承上启下的句子，F项“这里有一些帮助你和家人在洪水中生存的建议”能够承上启下，符合语意。故选F项。【37题详解】下文“Pickseveralmeetingspotsincaseyouneedtoleavehome,suchasafriend’shomeinasafetownorashelterinyourarea.”（万一需要离开家，你得选几个见面的地点，比如去到在安全的城镇的朋友家，或是你所在区域的避难所。）提到制定全家人集合的安全地点，确保全家人知道地点在哪以及去的路线。D项“和你的家人坐下来制定一个行动计划”符合本段内容，引出下文。其中“establishaplan”和小标题“Makeafloodsurvivalplan.”一致；“Sitdownwithyourfamily”和下文“Makesureeveryoneinthefamilyknows”内容一致。故选D项。【38题详解】上句“Whenyou’renotsureofthewaterdepth,don’triskit.”（当你不确定水的深度时，就不要冒险。）指出不确定水深时不要贸然涉水，则设空处应该指出正确做法，C项“如果你必须涉水，就得携带一根棍子”指出必须涉水时正确做法是携带一根棍子，下文“Useittomeasurethewater’sdepthandfeelforstable(稳固的)ground.”（用棍子来测量水的深度，并感受地面是否稳定。）则解释了棍子的作用，其中it指代C项中的“astick”。所以C项符合题意。故选C项。【39题详解】上文“Floodinginformationcanbefoundonyourlocalnewsorweatherstation’sTVchannelorwebsite.”（有关洪水的消息可以在当地新闻或气象台的电视频道或网站上找到。）提到了解有关洪水的消息的渠道，G项“你应该收看天气预报，关注天气变化”进一步告诉我们要关注天气信息，了解变化。下文“Also,listentolocalradiostationsforregularupdates.”（此外，定期收听当地电台的最新消息。）的“Also”承接G项内容，指出了解洪水信息的另一做法。所以G项符合题意。故选G项。【40题详解】结合篇章结构可知，设空处是第四个小标题，是应对洪水的第四个建议。下文“Roadsandotherpathsmayhavebeendestroyed.Stayoffbridges.Thesoilunderusualrouteswillbesoftandlessabletosupporttheweightofvehicles.Findotherroutesoverhighgroundorwaitfortheauthoritiestoindicatewhichroadsaresafe.”（道路可能受损。远离桥梁。常规路线下的土壤会变软，难以支撑车辆的重量。我们应该在高地上寻找其他路线，或者等待当局指示哪些道路是安全的。）介绍洪水中的路况隐患和如何选择安全路线，A项“留意受灾区域”能够概括该段内容，下文“Roadsandotherpathsmayhavebeendestroyed”与A项的“damagedareas”一致。所以A项符合题意。故选A项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A90-year-olddriverisprovidingit’snevertoolatetopursue（追求）yourdreams.Lastyear,HershelMcGriffbecamethe___41___drivertocompeteinaNASCAReventwhenheracedattheTucsonSpeedwayinhishomestateofArizona.McGriffhasbeen___42___sincehewasateenager.Hisfirsttimebehindthe___43___camewhenhewasjust17yearsoldafterhereadanadinhislocalnewspaperandwasdrawntothe___44___thatcomeswithdrivinghundredsofmilesperhouraroundatrack,___45___forfirstplace."Iborrowedmydad’s1940Hudson—anuglycar,andIgotacoupleofguystohelpme,"McGriff___46___hisbeginninginthesport."Ididn’tdovery___47___.IthinkIfinished12thor13thoutofabunchofcars.Thatgotmestarted."HisfirstwinontheNASCARcircuit(联赛）camewhenhe__48___inMexicoattheageof22.McGriffwenton___49___dozensofraces,finallybeing___50___asoneofNASCAR’s50GreatestDrivers.Heretiredfromthesportat74,butheneverstoppedhisloveforthetrackanddecidedtoreturntoracingforafewspecialeventsthathavemadehimfamousinhishometownand___51___otherstokeeppursuingtheirdreamsaswell.McGriffsspotintheracewasagiftforhis90thbirthdayfromhissonandlong-timefriend,teamownerBillMcAnally."Billcalledmeuponthephoneandsaid,‘Foryour90thbirthday,Iwillfurnishthecar.Allyouhavetodois___52___it,"McGriffsaid."Whenhemadethe___53___,IwasreadytoacceptMcGriffshistory-makingraceprovesthatyoucanpursueyourdreamsatany___54___,butforthisyoung—at—heartracer,itwasjustachancetogetbehindthewheeland___55___pursuinghispassion.41.A.oldest B.fastest C.kindest D.bravest42.A.studying B.racing C.dreaming D.growing43.A.screen B.camera C.seat D.wheel44.A.excitement B.nervousness C.comfort D.honor45.A.waiting B.searching C.preparing D.fighting46.A.lookedbackon B.lookedforwardto C.lookedupto D.lookeddownon47.A.seriously B.carefully C.well D.soon48.A.relaxed B.performed C.competed D.traveled49.A.organizing B.winning C.entering D.losing50.A.remembered B.introduced C.employed D.named51.A.inspired B.required C.allowed D.forced52.A.repair B.buy C.drive D.decorate53.A.change B.offer C.comment D.design54.A.cost B.speed C.place D.age55.A.finish B.consider C.continue D.imagine【答案】41.A42.B43.D44.A45.D46.A47.C48.C49.B50.D51.A52.C53.B54.D55.C6.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了赛车手McGriff在九十岁时又重返赛场，说明在任何年纪都可以追求梦想和激情。【41题详解】考察形容词辨析。句意：去年，HershelMcGriff成为在NASCAR项目中比赛的最老的车手。A.oldest最老的；B.fastest最快的；C.kindest最友好的；D.bravest最勇敢的。前文强调了他已经九十岁，故选A。【42题详解】考察动词辨析。句意：McGriff从还是青少年时候就开始比赛了。A.studying学习；B.racing比赛；C.dreaming梦想；D.growing成长。根据下文“drivinghundredsofmilesperhouraroundatrack,___5___forfirstplace.”可知他在17岁的时候看到了一则赛车比赛信息，所以他是从那时候开始比赛了，故选B。【43题详解】考察固定搭配。句意：他第一次开车是在他十七岁的时候…A.screen屏幕；B.camera相机；C.seat座位；D.wheel车轮。根据下文中“drivinghundredsofmilesperhouraroundatrack”可知是指他开车，behindthewheel是固定搭配，意为“开车”，故选D。【44题详解】考察名词辨析。句意：当他十七岁的时候，他在当地的报纸上读到了一则广告，被围绕赛道每小时驾驶数百英里所带来的刺激吸引。A.excitement兴奋；B.nervousness紧张；C.comfort舒适；D.honor荣耀。根据“被吸引”和“每小时驾驶数百英里”可知，带来的是刺激感，故选A。【45题详解】考察动词辨析。句意：围绕赛道每小时驾驶数百英里，力争第一。A.waiting等待；B.searching搜查；C.preparing准备；D.fighting力争。因为这里讲的是比赛，所以是力争第一，故选D。【46题详解】考察动词词组辨析。句意：McGriff回忆了他在运动会中的开始。A.lookedbackon回顾；B.lookedforwardto期盼；C.lookedupto尊敬；D.lookeddownon瞧不起。根据McGriff说的话，他借用了爸爸的车，找到了两个帮手，这是对当时情形的回忆，故选A。【47题详解】考察6副词辨析。句意：我并没有做得很好。我认为我在一众赛车中得了第十二或第十三名。A.seriously严肃地；B.carefully小心地；C.well好地；D.soon很快地。根据得了第十二或十三名可知他做得并不好，故选C。【48题详解】考察动词辨析。句意：当他22岁在墨西哥比赛时，他第一次在联赛中获得了第一名。A.relaxed放松；B.performed表演；C.competed比赛；D.traveled旅行。根据前文提到“HisfirstwinontheNASCARcircuit”可知是在比赛中赢得了第一名，故选C。【49题详解】考察动词辨析。句意：McGriff继续赢得了数十次比赛。A.organizing组织；B.winning赢得；C.entering进入；D.losing失去，输掉。前文讲到主人公第一次赢得了比赛，且本句谓语动词是wenton表“继续”，故选B。【50题详解】考察动词辨析。句意：McGriff继续赢得了数十次比赛，最终被命名为NASCAR最伟大得赛车手之一。A.remembered记得；B.introduced介绍；C.employed雇佣，使用；D.named命名。根据前文讲McGriff赢得了数十次比赛，可知他后来被被命名为NASCAR最伟大得赛车手之一，故选D。【51题详解】考察动词辨析。句意：他在74岁时退赛，但是他从未停止过对赛道的热爱，并决定在一些特殊的项目中重返赛场，这些项目让他在家乡闻名，也激励了其他人继续追求他们的梦想。A.inspired激励；B.required要求；C.allowed允许；D.forced强迫。that代指的是特殊的项目，是对其他人起到了激励作用，故选A。【52题详解】考察动词辨析。句意：你需要做的就是驾驶它。A.repair修理；B.buy买；C.drive驾驶；D.decorate装饰。前文提到Bill对McGriff说为了McGriff九十岁的生日，Bill装饰了汽车，所以it代指汽车，故选C。【53题详解】考察名词辨析。句意：McGriff说：“当他提出这个邀请时，我就准备接受了。”A.change改变；B.offer邀请；C.comment评价；D.design设计。前文提到了Bill装饰了汽车，邀请主人公驾驶，故选B。【54题详解】考察名词辨析。句意：McGriffs的历史性的比赛证明了你可以在任何年纪追求梦想。A.cost价值；B.speed速度；C.place地点；D.age年纪。前文提到了主人公是在九十岁的时候完成了一次精彩的比赛，所以这里是说在任何年纪都能追求梦想。故选D。【55题详解】考察动词辨析。句意：但是对于这个心态年轻的赛车手来说，这只是一次开车和继续追求激情的机会。A.finish完成；B.consider考虑；C.continue继续；D.imagine想象。根据前文，主人公年轻时就开始赛车，在九十岁的时候又重返赛场，所以这里是指继续追求激情，故选C。【点睛】完型填空的解题技巧在于寻找上下文的提示，且提示基本是在上下句中。例如在第一题中，根据前文着重强调了主人公再次参赛时的年纪，所以是在提示下文中讲的是他是比赛中年纪最大的选手。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。BeijingOpera,_____56_____(know)asChina'snationalopera,alsocalledPekingOpera,whichoriginatedinthelate18thcentury,isacombinationofmusic,dance,artandacrobatics(杂技).Itisthemostinfluentialandrepresentati