lind电动叉车充电站

...wd......wd......wd...液态铅酸电池充电站方案PlaningofchargingstationsforliquidacidPb-batteries林德-厦门叉车Linde-XiamenForkLiftTruckCo.,Ltd2002.11目录Content1. 充电站的定义和说明Definitionsanddescriptionsofchargingstations 1.1 电池房Battery-Rooms 1.2 电池充电站Batterychargingstations 2. 建筑构造Buildingconstruction 2.1 充电站内的车辆空间Truckplaceinchargingstations...................................................2.2 电池房的空间Placeinbatteryrooms......................................................................2.3 地板条件Floorcondition................................................................................................3. 电气安装Electricalinstallation 视在功率ApparentPower......................................................................取暖Heating 4. 充电机Charger 5. 通风Ventilation 5.1 总则General 根据DINVDE0510计算CalculationaccordingDINVDE0510....................................必要的空闲房屋空间计算Calculationofthenecessaryfreeroomspace......................必要的空气流量计算Calculationofthenecessaryvolumeofairflow............................通风构造Constructionofaventilation 6. 房屋温度和气候Roomtemperatureandclimate 7. 加水Watertopping 8. 搬运电池Batterychangingarrangements 8.1 起重设备和货车CraneEquipmentsandchanginglorries 9. 维护和维修地方Maintenanceandrepairplaces 10. 标记和规定Labelsandregulations 11. 急救措施Firstaid 12. 重要的标准和规定Importantnormsandregulations 充电站的定义和说明Definitionsandregulationsofchargingstations1.1电池房Battery-Rooms:电池房是一种专门给电池充电和储存电池的房屋，也可以将充电机安装在电池房内。Abatteryroomisaspecialroomforchargingandstoringbatteries,intheseroomsalsothechargerscouldbeinstalled.1.2电池充电站Batterychargingstations:电池充电站是一种专门房屋，在屋内，可以给装在车辆上的电池充电也可以给1.1所述的电池充电。Abatterychargingstationisaspecialroomforchargingbatterieswhichareinstalledinthetrucksandalsochargingbatteriesaccording1.1.总之先要决定是否应该建立电池房或充电站，大多数情况下两班或三班工作制运行应该有电池房，充电机前放有正常充好电和正在充电的电池。在充电站里，正常情况下装在车辆中的电池和充电机相接，以上两种充电方式都可以放在一间房中。Generalistodecideifabatteryroomorabatterychargingstationshouldbesetup.Mostlyabatteryroomisnecessaryatatwoorthreeshiftoperation,normallyrechargedbatteriesandbatteriesunderchargestandinfrontofonecharger.Inbatterychargingstationsnormallytruckswithinstalledbatteriesareconnectedtothechargers.Alsobothdifferentversionscouldbeinstalledinoneroom.重要的是房屋是否是一个有人负责对电池管理、维护和充电的工作场所。这样必须有专门规定，如：灯光、噪音、温度、气体释放等等，是否还要有附加等候室、清洗室和休息室。Importantisiftheroomisaworkingplacewherepersonsareinchargetooptainandmaintainandchangebatteries.Inthiscasespecialregulationsforworkingplacesarenecessary,forexamplequestionsaboutlight,noise,temperature,gas-emissionandsoon,additionalwaitingrooms,washroomsandrestroomshadtobeinstalled.建筑构造Buildingconstructions2.1 充电站里的车辆空间Truckplaceinchargingstations总则General充电站的平面空间取决于充电站规模和车辆种类，而且根据VDI2197,2198和2199或国家特殊标准计算车辆进、出和转弯的必备空间。Thenecessarysquaremetersofchargingstationsdependsinthemainpartofthekindofchargingstationandthetrucks,alsothenecessaryspacefordriveinandoutandturnaroundwiththetrucksmustbecalculatedaccordingtheregulationVDI2197,2198and2199orspecialnationalnorms.实际可以用15m2计算，重要的是：车辆的种类和外形尺寸每个车型的车辆数量车辆总数量充电机的数量和种类车辆占据的面积〔宽和深〕车辆高Inpracticeyoucancalculatewith15m2squaremeters,importantare:kindandlargenessofthetrucksquantityoftrucksofeachtrucktypetotalquantityoftrucksquantityandtypeofchargersthestandsquaremetersofthetruck(wideanddeep)highofthetruck车辆附加的占地面积，必须将车辆周围空间0.6m和充电机到电池间1m的距离计算在内。Additionaltothestandsquaremetersofthetrucksanecessaryspacearoundthetruckof0,6metersandadistancechargertobatteryof1metermustbecalculated.车辆到充电机和存储的货物之间最小距离：Minimumdistancesoftruckstochargersandstoredgoods车辆周围必备空间necessaryspacearoundthetruck 最少0,6meter电池和充电机间必备距离necessarydistancebetweenbatteryandcharger 最少1meter到易燃品的必备距离necessarydistancetoinflammablestoredgoods 最少2,5meter到易爆品的必备距离necessarydistancetoexplosivematerial 最少5meter必备高度(取决于车辆)necessaryhighoftheplace(dependsofthetrucks) 最少2meter充电站的房屋布局Roomarrangementatachargingstation相对放置的车辆间必备距离应该是车辆转动空间的一半〔Wa〕加上0.6m(B=Wa+0,6m)necessarydistancebetweentheoppositeplacedtruckshouldbethehalfoftheturnBaroundspace(Wa)ofthetruckplus0,6meter (B=Wa+0,6m)B2.2 电池房的空间Placeinbatteryrooms电池充电房的必要面积取决于电池、充电机、起重设备或运输充放电电池的车辆的种类、数量和大小。Inbatterychargingroomsthenecessarysquaremetersdependsofthequantityandthelargenessofthebatteriesandthechargersandofthekindofcraneorthechange-wagontohandletherechargedandthedischargedbatteries实际上，可以用7m2计算Inpracticeyoucancalculatewith7m2每个充电机前必须计算出必备空间，以放置两个电池加上电池之间最少0.2m的通风空间。Infrontofeachchargerthenecessaryplacemustbecalculatedfortwobatteriesplusadistanceofminimum0,2meterbetweenthebatteriestohaveagoodventilationduringcharge.放电池的托架必须以最重的电池考虑计算，并且与地隔离。Batterybanksmustbecalculatedfortheheaviestbatteryandmustbeisolatedagainsttheground.aa充电机前面板到电池的最短距离(a)为0.5m，电池到温度超过200°C的加热装置最短距离为2.5m。Theminimumdistance(a)ofthechargerfrontpaneltothebatteryis0,5meterandminimum2,5meterbetweenbatteryandheatingsystemswithatemperaturemorethan200°C2.3 地板要求Floorconditions地板上应该盖有一层防酸材料压强>8N/mm²抗酸腐蚀抗硫酸H2SO4(50%)泄漏电阻<108ohm绝缘阻抗>100kohm墙泄漏电阻 <108ohm(电池周围1.5m。)绝缘阻抗 >100kohm(电池周围1.5m。)屋顶抗酸腐蚀抗硫酸tH2SO4(50%)地板必须有一个最小0.25m3坑，其周围斜度为1%。Thefloorshouldbecoveredwithanacidresistantmaterial:Pressuresolidity >8N/mm²Acidsolidity againstH2SO4(50%)Divertresistance <108ohmIsolationresistance >100kohmWallsDivertresistance <108ohm(onlyaroundtheplaceofthebatteries(1,5m)Isolationresistance >100kohm(onlyaroundtheplaceofthebatteries(1,5m)RoofsAcidsolidity againstH2SO4(50%)ThefloormusthaveaGradientof1%toapitofminimum0,25m33. 电气安装Electricalinstallation总则General按照DINVDE0100或专门国家标准或根据充电机供货商的说明进展电气安装，应具有市电电源断路器、为每个充电机安装带慢动作熔丝的电源断路器或电机电路自动空气开关。应该具有通风并规定：只有工作通风时才能充电。TheelectricalinstallationistobedoneaccordingDINVDE0100orspecialnationalnormswithamainswitchpowerbreakerandeachchargerwithapowerbreakerwithslowactingfusesorautomaticbreakersformotor-ratedcircuitsaccordingthetechnicalinstructionsofthesupplierofthechargers.Withaventilationitshouldbeinstalledaregulationthatonlywithaworkingventilationachargeispossible3.1 视在功率Apparentpower视在功率计算必须包括以下工程：充电机加热系统通风照明Forthecalculationoftheapparentpowerthefollowingcomponentsmustbeincluded:chargersheatingsystemsventilationillumination充电机1到n的视在功率计算：根据供货商的信息，功率P1,P2,....PnP(总功率)=(P1+P2+...Pn)xaa=因数，所有充电机都工作(一般为0,8)Calculationoftheapparentpowerofthechargers1ton:PoweraccordingtheinformationofthesupplierP1,P2,....PnP(total)=(P1+P2+...Pn)xaa=factorifallchargersareinfunction(typical0,8)对于充电机，效率和功率因数cosphi同样重要，典型计算：充电机技术/曲线效率cosphi50Hz-充电机/Wa,WoWa75%0,750Hz-充电机/IUIa85%0,7HF-充电机/IUIa90%0,95Forthechargersalsotheefficiencyetaandthepowerfactorcosphiareimportanttypicalcalculationchargetechnique/curveetacosphi50Hz-charger/Wa,WoWa75%0,750Hz-charger/IUIa85%0,7HF-charger/IUIa90%0,953.2 加热Heating加热功率取决于房屋种类和大小，与充电机和电池的发热成反比。Theheatingpowerdependsofthekindandlargenessoftheroomitwillbedecreasedbytheheatingofthechargersandthebatteries.KnxQexLFxnxUm KnxQexLFxnxUm E=----------------------------------- etax1000 E 视在功率apparentpower[kWh] Kn 额定容量nominalcapacity[AhK5] Qe 放电等级dischargegrade[%] LF 充电系数chargefactor n 单体电池数量numberofcells U 中负载电压middleloadvoltage[V/Z] eta 充电机效率efficiencyofthecharger 1000 kWh转换Whcalculationof[Wh]in[kWh]充电能量计算例如电池 48V750Ah, 放电等级80%充电机 输出曲线WoWa,负载系数1,2中负载电压2,4V/Z效率80%总能量： 64,8kWh(所有充电机有功功率)消耗的负载能量 51,8kWh损失能量 13,0kWh(可用于加热)CalculationofthechargeenergyExampleBattery 48V750Ah, dischargegrade80%Charger outputcurveWoWa,loadfactor1,2middleloadvoltage2,4V/Zefficiency80%Totalenergy: 64,8kWh(apparentpowerofallchargers)consumedloadenergy 51,8kWhLostenergy 13,0kWh(usableforheating)4. 充电机Chargers为了选择正确的充电机，必须要知道电池型号、电池种类、额定电压、额定容量和根据工种、单班、两班或三班决定的充电时间。充电机根据外形大小既可以墙上安装也可以地面安装。为了良好通风充电机之间最小0.2m间距很重要。为便于方便操作，应该选择好安装充电机的高度。任何与水有关的安装必须在充电机下面。Toselectthecorrectchargersitisnecessarytoknowthebatterytype,thekindofbattery,thenominalvoltage,thenominalcapacityandthechargingtimedependingofthekindofworking,singleshiftortwo,threeshiftoperation.Thechargersareeitherwallmountedorfloormounteddependingofthelargenessofthechargers.Importantisalsoadistancebetweenthechargersofminimum0,2metertogetagoodventilationoftheair.Themountinghighshouldbeselectedthatagoodoperationwiththechargersispossible.Anyinstallationofwatermustbebelowthechargers.Exampleforwallmountedchargers例如，墙上安装充电机：5. 通风Ventilation5.1 总则General因为电解液的水别离在电池腔内形成氢氧混合气体，这个过程是在接近电池充电完毕时，即电池过充时发生的，超过过充电压就开场放气阶段。要设计电池充电房和充电站有足够的自然通风，如果需要强迫通风，就应该在始开充电时接通通风装置，进风尽可能的接近地面，经过电池然后尽可能高的从对面排出。Abatterycabformagasmixtureofhydrogenandoxygenduetotheelectrolyticdecompositionofwater.Thisgasdevelopsparticularlytowardstheendofbatterychargingorifthebatteryisovercharged.Itisatitgreatestabovethevoltageatwhichgassingstarts.Batterychargingroomsandbatterychargingstationsshallwherepossiblebedesignedsothatthenaturalventilationissufficient.Ifartificialventilationisnecessary,itshallbeensuredthattheventilationisswitchedonwhilstchargingistakenplace.Theinletairshallenterascloseaspossibletotheground,passoverthebatteriesandescapeashighaspossibleontheoppositeside.5.2根据DINVDE0510第三局部计算CalculationaccordingDINVDE0510part3电池充电房和充电站的通风，在充电时要考虑到至少有足够的空气流量Q,Q由以下公式决定：TheventilationofbatteryroomsandchargingstationsisregardedasadequateifduringchargingatleastthevolumeofairflowQ,determinedaccordingtothefollowingequation,isguaranteed.Q[m³/h]=vxqxsxnxI这里where:Q 空气流量m3/hisavolumeofairflowinm3/hv 稀释系数，氢/空气混合物在较低的爆炸限度时，空气和氢气体积之比(96%空气/4%氢气=24)isthedilutionfactorwhichisequaltotheratiooftheamountbyvolumeofairandhydrogenattheatthelowerexplosionlimitofthehydrogen/airmixture(96%Luft/4%H2=24)q 氢气体积流量，与一个单体电池在0°C和1013Pa时电解液Ah每A每h的电流强度有关isthevolumetricflowofhydrogenrelativetothestrengthofthecurrentwhichat0°Cand1013hPadevelopsinonecellperAandperhduetoelectrolysisAh(0,42E-3m³/h)s 安全系数=5〔船舶核潜艇=10〕safetyfactor=5(shipsandsubmarines=10)n 单体电池数量isthenumberofcells I 产生氢气的电流安培数isthecurrentlevelinAwhichcausesthedevelopmentofhydrogen电流I的指导数GuidevaluesforcurrentIChargingcharacteristiccurve充电特性曲线currentlevelIper100Ahnominalcapacity每100Ah额定容量电流IWa-特性characteristic(4A/100Ah)Wsa-特性characteristic(6A/100Ah)WoWa-特性characteristic(4A/100Ah)IU-到2.4V/Z的特性IU-characteristicupto2,4V/Z(2A/100Ah)IUI-特性characteristic(5A/100Ah)IU-到2.25V/Z的特性IU-characteristicupto2,25V/Z1AQ[m³/h]=0,05xnxI[A](vxqxs=0,05共计together)必备的空闲房屋空间计算*Calculationofthenecessaryfreeroomspace*:正常情况下，如果房屋足够大，不必对充电房和充电站加专门通风，公式如下：Normallyatbatteryroomsandchargingstationsnospecialventilationisnecessaryifthehallsarelargeenough,theformulais:V=Qx2,5m³宽wide L: ......... m 伸deep B: ........ m 高high H: ........ m 体积volumeV: ........ m³(LxBxH) *不包含充电机体积、电池体积和其他*brut,withoutcharger-volume,battery-volumeandothers例如：对具有WoWa特性曲线的充电机：对于这种特性已经计算出每100Ah的电流为4A。ExampleforachargerwithWoWacharacteristic:Atthesecharacteristicthecalculationistobedonewithacurrentof4Aforeach100Ahbatterycapacity所充电池为：Batterieswhichwillberecharged:10个带有48V/400Ah的电池电池数量 10额定电压 48每个电池所含单体电池 24总单体电池数 240额定容量 400放气电流(A/100Ah): 4总放气电流(A/400Ah): 1610batterieswith48V/400AhQuantityofbatteries 10Nominalvoltage 48Numberofcellsperbattery 24Totalnumberofcells 240Nominalcapacity 400Gassingcurrent(A/100Ah): 4Totalgassingcurrent(A/400Ah): 16Q[m³/h] =0,05xnxI =0,05x240x16Q =192m³/h如果用2.5xQ计算不需要专门的通风，空闲房屋空间要足够大。Afreenetroomspaceisenough,toworkwithoutventilation,ifthecalculationisdonewith2,5xQ2,5xQ=2,5x192=480m³对于空闲房屋空间480m3来说，550m3充电房足够大。Achargingroomwith550m3islargeenoughifthefreenetspaceis480m3.例如，房屋可以选用wxdxh:10x10x5.5mHallforexamplewxdxh:10x10x5,5m对于一个充电房内所有电池都要进展这样的计算，即必须参加单个流量：Thiscalculationhastobedoneforallbatteriesinachargingroom,thatmeansthesinglevolumesofairflowhadtobeadded.总的Q=Q1..Qn之和=VQtotal=sumQ1..Qn=V空气air空气空气air空气air空气air空气airConstructionofaventilation专用电池充电房和充电站。Specialforbatteryroomsandchargingstations6. 室温和气候Roomtemperatureandclimate(同样见3.2章“取暖〞seealsochapter3.2heating)充电站应该具有+10°C到+25°C的室温和枯燥环境，以保证充电机和电池寿命。如果这些环境条件不能满足，就要配备一些设备如：对充电机用空调，对电池用加热电缆。设备的供货商可以提供相关信息。Achargingstationshouldhavearoomtemperaturebetween+10and+25°Candadryenvironmenttosolvethelifetimeofchargersandbatteries.Aretheseclimateconditionsnottorealisesotheusedequipmenthadtobefitoutforexampleairconditionforthechargersorheatingtablesforthebatteries.Forthisthesupplieroftheequipmentcangiveinformation’s.加水Watertopping带液态电解液的电池，由于充电时会引起放气过程而失去水分，必须再加水，根据DIN43530或国标必须加蒸馏水，一般的水会破坏电池。由充电极控制的不需维护的自动加水系统对电池加水有益，在充电完毕前的适当时间进展短时加水，电池必须有专门的添满自关闭装置。自动加水系统的压力应该是：最小0.2bar最大1bar、2到10米，询问电池供货商有关加水系统的正确方案。Batterieswithliquidelectrolytelostwatercauseofthegassingduringcharge,thismustberefilled.ThereforitmustbeuseddistilledwateraccordingDIN43530ornationalnorms,normalwaterdestroyedthebattery.Automaticallywatertoppingsystemswithoutanymaintainholdgoodcausecontrolledbythechargertherefillingofwatertakesplaceatthecorrecttimeshortlybeforethechargewillbefinished.Batteriesmusthavespecialself-closingcrams.Thepressureoftheautomaticallywatertoppingsystemshouldhaveminimum0,2andmaximum1bar,espec