江苏高考英语任务型阅读题解析与拓展训练

2008高考真题解析第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 Teamworkisjustasimportantinscienceasitisontheplayingfieldorinthegym.Scientificinvestigations(调查)arealmostalwayscarriedoutbyteamsofpeopleworkingtogether.Ideasareshared,experimentsaredesigned,dataareanalyzed,andresultsareevaluatedandsharedwithotherinvestigators.Groupworkisnecessary,andisusuallymoreproductivethanworkingalone. Severaltimesthroughouttheyearyoumaybeaskedtoworkwithoneormoreofyourclassmates.Whateverthetaskyourgroupisassigned,afewrulesneedtobefollowedtoensureaproductiveandsuccessfulexperience. Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone’sideasdeserveconsiderationandeachgroupmembercanmakehisorherowncontribution.Secondly,itmakesajobeasiertodividethegrouptaskamongallgroupmembers.Choosearoleontheteamthatisbestsuitedtoyourparticularstrengths.Thirdly,alwaysworktogether,taketurns,andencourageeachotherbylistening,clarifying,andtrustingoneanother.Mutualsupportandtrustoftenmakeagreatdifference. Activitieslikeinvestigationsaremosteffectivewhendonebysmallgroups.Herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities:Makesureeachgroupmemberunderstandsandagreestothetaskgiventohimorher,andeveryoneknowsexactlywhen,whyandwhattodo;taketurnsdoingvarioustasksduringsimilarandrepeatedactivities;beawareofwhereothergroupmembersareandwhattheyaredoingsoastoensuresafety;beresponsibleforyourownlearning,thoughitisbynomeansunwisetocompareyourobservationswiththoseofothergroupmembers. Whenthereisresearchtobedone,dividethetopicintoseveralareas,andthiscanexploretheissueinaverydetailedway.Youareencouragedtokeeprecordsofthesourcesusedbyeachperson,whichhelpsyoutracebacktotheoriginoftheproblemsthatmayhappenunexpectedly.Aformatforexchanginginformation(e.g.,photocopiesofnotes,oraldiscussion,etc.)isalsoimportant,forawell-chosenmethodnotonlystrengthenswhatyoupresentbutalsomakesyourselfeasilyunderstood.Whenthetimecomestomakeadecisionandtakeapositiononanissue,allowforthecontributionsofeachmemberofthegroup.Mostimportantofall,itisalwayswisetomakedecisionsbycompromiseandagreement. Afteryou’vecompletedataskwithyourteam,makeanevaluationoftheteam’seffectiveness—thestrengthsandweaknesses,opportunitiesandchallenges.TitleWorkingTogetherThemeEffectiveperformanceneedshighlycooperated(71)▲.Generalrules·Keepanopenmindtoeveryone’s(72)▲.·Dividethegrouptaskamonggroupmembers.·(73)▲andtrusteachother.(74)▲·Understandandagreetothe(75)▲taskofone’sown.·Taketurnsdoingvarioustasks.·Showconcernforotherstoensuresafety.·Take(76)▲forone’sownlearning.·Compareyourownobservationswiththoseofothers.Exploreanissue·Breakthe(77)▲intoseveralareas.·Keeprecordsofthesourcesjustin(78)▲.·(79)▲yourinformationwithothersviaproperformat.·Makealldecisionsbycompromiseandagreement.(80)▲Effectiveness·Analyzethestrengthsandweaknesses.·Findouttheopportunitiesandchallenges.[语篇解读]本文重在讲述如何使团队协作更为有效地进行。第一段概述团队协作在科学研究中的意义；第二、三段联系学生实际引出同学间团队协作的三个规则；第四、五段提出调查研究类活动中如何进行有效协作；最后一段讲述如何对团队协作的有效性进行评估。[答案与剖析]71．[答案]teamwork[剖析]这是对全文的高度概括，文中第一段的中心句即第一句“Teamworkisjustasimportantinscienceasitisontheplayingfieldorinthegym.”也给予了较为明显的暗示。72．[答案]ideas/opinions/views/thoughts[剖析]由文中第三段第一句“Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone’sideasdeserveconsiderationandeachgroupmembercanmakehisorherowncontribution.”可知。注意：名词单复数的变化。73．[答案]Support/Encourage/Back[剖析]由文中第三段最后两句“Thirdly,alwaysworktogether,taketurns,andencourageeachotherbylistening,clarifying,andtrustingoneanother.Mutualsupportandtrustoftenmakeagreatdifference.”可知。注意：根据表格中的行文规律，这里是祈使语气，应用动词原形且须大写，与上两行“Keep,Divide”相一致。74．[答案]Suggestions[剖析]由文中第四段中心句，即该段第二句“Herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities.”可知。此外，表格中对应的右边一格正是suggestions的具体内容。注意：名词的单复数变化和大、小写。75．[答案]given/assigned [剖析]由第三段第三行“Makesureeachgroupmemberunderstandsandagreestothetaskgiventohimorher，”可知。注意：这里可以使用given的同意词assigned“分配”。76．[答案]responsibility[剖析]由文中第四段倒数第三行“beresponsibleforyourownlearning,…”可知。注意：这里根据表格内的表达方式需要进行词形转换。将形容词responsible转化成名词responsibility.77．[答案]topic/subject/issue[剖析]由文中第五段第一句“Whenthereisresearchtobedone,dividethetopicintoseveralareas,andthiscanexploretheissueinaverydetailedway.”可知。注意：这里可以使用topic的近义词：subject,issue.78．[答案]case[剖析]“justincase”在这里表示“以备用，以防用得着”，根据文中第五段第二句“Youareencouragedtokeeprecordsofthesourcesusedbyeachperson,whichhelpsyoutracebacktotheoriginoftheproblemsthatmayhappenunexpectedly.”可知。79．[答案]Exchange/Share [剖析]由文中第五段第三句“Aformatforexchanginginformation(e.g.,photocopiesofnotes,oraldiscussion,etc.)isalsoimportant,…”可知。80．[答案]Evaluate[剖析]由文中最后一段可知。注意：根据表格中表达方式的需要，文中名词evaluation应转化成动词Evaluate.拓展训练（一)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。Somepeoplesucceed,whileothersmaynot.Thisisbecausesomepeoplepossesscertainqualities,whichothersdonot.Thefirstthingyoumustrememberisthatinordertosucceed,youmustbeoptimistic.Ifyoudonotexpecttowin,youwillnottryashardasthosewhodoexpecttowin.Youalsoneedtohaveaclearaimandareasonfordoingsomethingbecausemotivationisakeytoachievingsuccess.Ifyoudonothaveanaim,thenyouwillnotbemotivatedtoworkhardandputyourperformanceunderthemicroscopetomakesurethateverydetailisright.Anotherqualitythathelpspeoplesucceediscreativity---thinkingaboutthingsinadifferentwayandwonderinghowotherswoulddothesamething.Thinkaboutsomesuccessfulpeopleyouknow.Theymightbesuccessfulwithalittlecreativity,butthemostsuccessfulpeoplearethemostcreativeones.Readingisanothertosuccess,asitwillhelpyoulearnabouthowotherpeoplehaveachievedsuccess.Ifyouwanttolearnhowtosetupasuccessfulbusiness,youshouldreadbooksaboutpeoplelikeBillGatesandJerryYang,whohaveachievedamazingsuccessintheirareasofbusiness.Practicingisequallyimportantifyouwanttosuccessbecausepracticemakesperfect.Practiseeverydayatwhatevercareeryouarein,andbydoingso,youwillseeyourself,yourbusinessandyourself-confidencebegintogrow.Ifyoufeelconfidentaboutwhatyoudo,thisconfidencewillmakeotherpeoplebelieveinyouaswell.Yourcolleagueswillbehappytoworkwithyou,andyourbosswillgiveyoumoreresponsibility.Finallyifyouareasuccessfulperson,youwillbeabletolookpeopleintheeyeandsmileconfidently.Successisyoursforthetaking!Cheers!Title(1)▲CertainqualitiesSupportingdetails(2)▲●Tryhard(3)▲peoplewhodoexpecttowin.●Haveaclearaimandareasonfordoingsomethingbecauseakeytoachievingsuccessis(4)▲.(6)▲●(5)▲aboutthingsinadifferentway.●Studyhowotherpeoplewoulddothesamething.Reading●Helpyouknowabouthow(7)▲haveachievedsuccess.●Readbooksabout(8)▲peoplesuchasBillGatesandJerryYangtoencourageyourselves.Practising●(9)▲thesaying“practicemakesperfect.”●(10)▲_inyourselfanddowhatyouwanttodoconfidently.(1)_________(2)_________(3)_________(4)_________(5)_________(6)_________(7)_________(8)_________(9)_________(10)_________（二)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvedroundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupidcrimes.Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattacks,littleeffortisspentonsearching.Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.Athirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforce,theyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservants,theyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-minded—asheseeit—ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivefeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical(愤世嫉俗的).Policein(1)▲worldPoliceonTVKnowledgeof(2)▲lawHehastoknowasmuchasaprofessionallawyerandappliesittotheir(3)▲work.Thereisno(4)▲forthemtoknowaboutit.Different(5)▲ofspendingtimeHe(6)▲mostofhisworkinglifetocollectingandprovidingevidenceneededtoprovehiscaseincourt.Timeisspentfindingcriminals.Oncethecriminalisfound,thestory(7)▲.Differentpressures(8)▲andthepublicputmuchpressureondetectivesandpolicemen.Theygotnopressurefromthepublic.RelationshipwithsocietyHefeels(9)▲fromcitizens,astheyholddifferent(10)▲towardpunishmentofthecriminals.Nocontactwiththepublic.(1)_________(2)_________(3)_________(4)_________(5)_________(6)_________(7)_________(8)_________(9)_________(10)_________（三）Millionsofwomenusecosmetics,oftencalled“make-up”.Thecosmeticsindustryisoneofthebiggestintheworld.Mostlargestoressellcosmetics,andtherearealwaysshopsatairportssellingthemcheaply.Theword“cosmetics”referstoanythingthatpeopleputontheirfacestomakethemlookbetter.Lipstick,facepowderandcream,andeyemake-uparethemostpopular.Althoughmorewomenthanmenusecosmetics,therearecosmeticsformenaswellaswomen.Somepeopleevenhavecosmeticsurgerytomaketheirfaceslookdifferent.Theyhavetheshapesoftheirnosesandeyeschanged.Themostwidelyusedcosmeticisprobablylipstick,asmanywomenwhodonotwearanyothermake-upwilloftenputonalittlelipstick.Lipstickismadebymixingtogetherdifferentoilsandcolors.Themixtureisthenallowedtogethardandiscutintotheshapeofasmallpencil.Whenawomanpressesthelipsticktoherlips,theendofitbecomessoft,andsomeofitstickstoherlips,givingthemextracolor.CosmeticswereprobablyfirstusedinIndia,butitwastheEgyptians,sixthousandyearsago,whomadethemostuseofthem.RichEgyptianwomenpaintedtheireyesgreenandblack.Theyusedaredcolortopaintprettydesignsontheirfingernails,thepalmsoftheirhandsandthesolesoftheirfeet.PicturesofCleopatraalwaysshowherwearingalotofmake-up.TheRomansalsousedcosmetics.Theylikedtomaketheirskinverywhiteandtopainttheireyes.Theyalsousedakindoflipstick.InEnglandatonetime,veryrichwomenhadbathsinmilktomaketheirskinbeautiful.Theyalsousedalotofsweet-smellingpowdertostoppeoplesmellingtheirbodies,whichwereoftenverydirtybecausetheydidnotwashveryoftenorchangetheirclothes.Title:Cosmetics

Definition

Anythingthatpeopleputontheir(1)▲tomakethemlookbetter

Mainusers

(2)

▲

Main(3)▲Lipstick,facepowderandcream,andeyemake-upMostpopularproductLipstickProducing(4)▲Mixtogetherdifferent

oilsandcolors.Themixturegetshardandiscutintothe(5)▲ofasmallpencil.General(6)▲(7)▲TheuseofcosmeticsIndiaCosmeticswasfirstusedhere.

(8)▲Cosmeticsgotwidelyused.RomeThe

skinandeyeswere(9)▲withcosmetics

EnglandRichwomenhadbathsinmilk;usedalotofsweet-smelling(10)▲.(1)_________(2)_________(3)_________(4)_________(5)_________(6)_________(7)_________(8)_________(9)_________(10)_________（四）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。Manypeoplethinkatelephoneisanecessity.ButIthinkitisapestandatimewaste.Veryoftenyoufinditimpossibletoescapefromit.Ifyouhaveatelephoneinyourownhouse,youwilladmitthatittendstoringwhenyouleastwantittoring;whenyouareasleeporinthemiddleofamealoraconversation,orwhenyouarejustgoingout,orwhenyouareinyourbath.Areyoustrong-mindedenoughtoignoreit?Youarenot.Youthinktheremaybesomeimportantnewsormessageforyou.Icanassureyouthatifamessageisreallyimportantitwillreachyousoonerorlater.Haveyouneverrusheddrippingfromthebath,orchewingfromthetable,ordazedfromthebed,onlytobetoldthatyouareawrongnumber?Butyouwillsay,youneednothaveyournameprintedinthetelephonedirectory,andyoucanhaveatelephonewhichisonlyusableforoutgoingcalls.Besides,youwillsay,isn’titimportanttohaveatelephoneincaseofsuddenemergency-illness,accident,orfire?Ofcourse,youareright,buthereinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeEnglandoneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity.IthinkperhapsIhadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatIlikeisgood.Iadmitthatindifferentcircumstances-ifIwereawealthyandpowerfulbusinessperson,forinstance,orbadlyillandhadtolieinbed.Imightfindatelephoneanecessity.ButthenifIwereataxi-driverIshouldfindacaranecessity.Letmeputitanotherway:therearetwothingsforwhichtheEnglishseemtoshowparticulartalent:oneismechanicalinvention,theotherliterature.MyownbusinesshappenstobewiththeuseofwordsbutIseeImustnowstopusingthem.ForIhavehadjustbeenhandedaslipofpapertosaythatsomebodyiswaitingtospeaktomeonthetelephone.IthinkIhadbetteranswerit.Afterall,oneneverknows,itmaybesomethingimportant.Title:The(1)▲DifferentopinionsaboutitManypeople:Itis(2)▲whenonewantstomakeacall,especiallyintimeof(3)▲.Theauthor:·Itcan(4)▲timeandevenbe(5)▲.·Noteveryone,(6)▲abusinesspersonorasickpersonwhohastostayinbed,needsit.·Idon’tneeditbecausemyjobis(7)▲.(8)▲withit·Italwaysseemstoringwhenoneisdoingsomethingelseordoesn’twantittoring.·Almost(9)▲canignoreiteveniftheywantto.·One(10)▲toansweritonlytofindthatheismisdialed.(1)_________(2)_________(3)_________(4)_________(5)_________(6)_________(7)_________(8)_________(9)_________(10)_________（五）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。 Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyharvestsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld．Women’seducationmaybeanunusualfieldforeconomists（经济学家）,butincreasingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsfocusonincentives（鼓励）,providesanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedof（剥夺）aneducation. Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy（预言）becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle（恶性循环）ofneglect. Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle. Fewwillarguethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.Topic:Thesignificanceoffemaleeducationin（1）▲countriesViewpointEducatinggirlsismorebeneficialthananyother（2）▲.FamiliesFromlow-incomefamiliesFromeducatedmothers’familiesAttitudesGirlsareofless（3）▲thanboys.Developmentshouldbeforall（4）▲Practices●Thereis（5）▲investmentindaughters.●Girlsaremadetostayathome,doing（6）▲.Girlsandboyshave（7）▲chances.ConsequencesAviciouscircleAvirtuouscircleSignificanceEducatinggirls（8）▲tosocialbenefits,（9）▲advantagesandhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.（10）▲Educatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesisimportantandrewarding.(1)_________(2)_________(3)_________(4)_________(5)_________(6)_________(7)_________(8)_________(9)_________(10)_________（六）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格中填入最适当的单词。注意：每空一词。AlthoughmanyChinesestudentssaythattheirknowledgeofEnglishgrammarisgood,mostwouldadmitthattheirspokenEnglishispoor.WheneverIspeaktoaChinesestudentstheyalwayssay,“MyspokenEnglishispoor.”However,theirspokenEnglishdoesnothavetoremain“poor.”IwouldliketosuggestthattheremaybesomereasonsfortheirproblemswithspokenEnglish.First,theyfailtofindsuitablewordstoexpressthemselvesduetoalimitedvocabulary.Obviouslythebetteransweristoexpandtheirvocabulary.However,youcanspeakwithalimitedvocabulary,ifyourattitudeispositive.Otherswillfollowyouaslongasyouusethewordsthatyouknow.Second,theyareafraidofmakingmistakes.Sometimestheymakemistakeswhentheyarespeakingbecausetheyareskyandnervous.YetstudentsshouldrememberthattheirgoalshouldbeFLUENTLYNOTACCURACY.Youraiminwritingistobeaccuratefollowingtherulesforgrammarandusingtheyourmessageacross,totalktosomeoneinEnglish,asquicklyandwellasyoucan,eventhoughsometimesyoumayuseawrongwordortense,butitdoesn’tmatterbecausethepersonyouarespeakingtowillunderstandyouandmakeallowancesforanymistakeshehears.Thethirdreasonisthatnotenoughattentionispaidto