泛读教程I模拟试题

泛读教程I模拟试题I.Foreachitalicizedwordorexpression,choosethebest得分评卷人meaningbelow.(15’,1’foreach)1.Effortshavebeenmadetowipeoutpovertyintheruralareas.A.cityB.mountainC.coastD.countryside2.Iboughtthispairofshoesfiveyearsago,andtheyaresodurablethatI’mstillwearingthemnow.A.good-lookingB.long-lastingC.fashionableD.suitable3.Thereisavarietyofcommoditiesonsaleinthedepartmentstore.A.goodsB.customersC.clothesD.stationery4.Studentsoftenfindtemporaryjobsduringtheirsummervacation.A.interestingB.lastingforeverC.lastingforashorttimeD.professional5.Ihavelocatedabetterrestaurantinthenextstreet.Whydon’twegothereforlunch?A.foundB.recognizedC.openedD.explored6.SisterMaryisapersonofgreathumility.A.sympathyB.modestyC.nobilityD.pride7.Thecustomerasksthesalesmantodemonstratehowtousethemachine.A.expressB.showC.protestD.sample8.Theresearchgivessomevaliditytothetheorythatthedrugmightcausetrouble.A.foundationB.forcefulnessC.efficiencyD.currency9.NewYorkisaculturallydiversecity.A.sameB.richC.uniqueD.different10.Thehousewasfilledwiththearomaofcoffee.A.tasteB.colorC.smellD.feeling11.Themarketstretchesallthewayalongthestreet.A.standsB.opensC.absorbsD.extends12.WewenttoBrazilforCarnival.A.publicfestivalB.sightseeingC.holidayD.familyreunion13.Severalvillageshavebeenisolatedbythefloods.A.separatedB.damagedC.coveredD.united14.Thetrendofpriceisstillupwards.A.tendencyB.partC.minorityD.majority第1页共12页15.Someplasticsareastoughasmetal.A.softB.heavyC.hardD.cheap得分评卷人II.Fillineachblankwithawordinitsproperform.(15’,1’foreach)1.Themedicineis_______iftakeninlargequantities.(poison)2.I’mfedupwithyour________complaining.(end)3.The_____whokilledthewomanforhermoneywasarrestedbythepoliceyesterday.(murder)4.Torunawayatthefirstsightofdangerisa_____action.(coward)5.Itwasoneofthe____stormsin30years.(destroy)6.______bullfightisafamoussportwhichattractsmanytouriststoSpaineachyear.(Spain)7.Thenewsreporttriedto______thedamageoftheaccident.(minimum)8.Thoughhewasinpoverty,heborehis_____bravely.(fortunate)9.Itisa______ideathatyoucantravelacrossthedesertalone.(child)10.Hesmiledin_______.Obviouslyhewasverypleasedwithwhathehaddone.(satisfy)11.ManypeopleinSouthAmericaareof_____origin.(Portugal)12.Georgeisnotonlyaskilledpainter,butalsoa_____writer.(talent)13.The_____newscausedalotofpanicinthepublic.(lead)14.Weshallbeverygladtohaveyour_____attheannualmeeting.(present)15.45is_____by5.(divide)III.Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestion1-7,得分评卷人choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.(10’,1’foreach)WisdomTeethWisdomteetharethelastteethtoerupt.Thisoccursusuallybetweentheageof17and25.Thereremainsagreatdealofcontroversyregardingwhetherornottheseteethneedtoberemoved.Itisgenerallysuggestedthatteeththatremaincompletelyburiedorun-eruptedinanormalpositionareunlikelytocauseharm.However,atoothmaybecomeimpactedduetolackofspaceanditseruptionisthereforepreventedbygum（齿龈）,bone,anothertoothorallthree.Iftheseimpactedteethareinanabnormalposition,theirpotentialforharmshouldbeassessed.Whataretheindicationsforremovingwisdomteeth?第2页共12页Wisdomteethgenerallycauseproblemswhentheyeruptpartiallythroughthegum.Themostcommonreasonsforremovingthemare:DecaySaliva,bacteriaandfoodparticlescancollectaroundanimpactedwisdomtooth,causingit,orthenexttoothtodecay.Itisverydifficulttoremovesuchdecay.Painandinfectionwillusuallyfollow.GuminfectionWhenawisdomtoothispartiallyerupted,foodandbacteriacollectunderthegumcausingalocalinfection.Thismayresultinbadbreath,pain,andswelling.Theinfectioncanspreadtoinvolvethecheekandneck.Oncetheinitialepisodeoccurs,eachsubsequentattackbecomesmorefrequentandmoresevere.PressurepainPainmayalsocomefromthepressureoftheeruptingwisdomtoothagainstotherteeth.Insomecasesthispressuremaycausetheerosionoftheseteeth.Whenisthebesttimetohavewisdomteethremoved?Itisnowrecommendedbyspecialiststhatimpactedwisdomteethberemovedbetweentheagesof14and22yearswhethertheyarecausingproblemsornot.Surgeryistechnicallyeasierandpatientsrecovermuchmorequicklywhentheyareyounger.Whatisarelativelyminoroperationat20canbecomequitedifficultinpatientsover40.Alsotheriskofcomplicationsincreaseswithage,andthehealingprocessisslower.Shouldawisdomtoothberemovedwhenanacuteinfectionispresent?Generally,no.Surgeryinthepresenceofinfectioncancauseinfectiontospreadandbecomemoreserious.Firstly,theinfectionmusthecontrolledbylocaloralhygiene(卫生）andantibiotics.Thepro’sandcon’sofwisdomtoothremovalSomepro’sofremovingawisdomtooth:Wisdomteethmaybehardtoaccesswithyourtoothbrush.Overtime,theaccumulationofbacteria,sugarsandacidsmaycauseacavity（洞）toforminthetooth.Ifitisnotrestoredwithafilling,thecavitymayspreadanddestroymoretoothstructurecausingsevereconsequencestothetoothandsurroundingsupportivestructures.Duetothedifficultyofkeepingtheseteethcleanwithyourdailyhomecare,bacteriaandfooddebris（残渣，碎屑）remainingonthewisdomteethmaypresentafoulsmell---causingbadbreath.Awisdomtooththatisstillunderthegumsinahorizontalposition(ratherthanaverticalposition)mayexertpressuretothesurroundingteeth,causingcrowdingandcrookedteeth.Thisalsomayoccurifthereisnotenoughspaceinthemouthforthewisdomtooth.Thismaywarrantbracestorepairthedamage.Somecon'sofremovingthewisdomteeth:第3页共12页

Dependingonthesizeshapeandpositionofthetooth,removalcanvaryfromasimpleextractiontoamorecomplexextraction.Withasimpleextraction,thereisusuallylittleswellingand/orbleeding.Morecomplexextractionwillrequirespecialtreatmentwhichmayresultinmorebruising,swellingandbleeding.However,yourdentalprofessionalwillprovideyouwithposttreatmentinstructionstominimizethesesideeffects.Followinganextraction,aconditioncalled“drysocket”maynotoccur.Ifthebloodclot（凝结）thatformedintheextractionareabecomesremoved,itexposestheunderlyingbone.Thisconditionisverypainful,butresolvesafterafewdays.Itispreventablebyfollowingtheposttreatmentinstructionsprovidedbyyourdentalprofessional.Thelongeryouwaitandtheolderyouget,thereisthepotentialformoreproblemstooccur.Thisisbecauseasyougetolder,thebonesurroundingthetoothbecomesmoredense,makingthetoothmoredifficulttoremove.Thehealingprocessmayalsobeslower.Postoperativecare:DonotdisturbthewoundIndoingsoyoumayinviteirritation,infectionand/orbleeding.Chewontheoppositesideforthefirst24hours.Donotsmokefor12hours.Smokingwillpromotebleedingandinterferewithhealing.Donotspitorsuckthroughastraw.Thiswillpromotebleedingandmayremovethebloodclot,whichcouldresultinadrysocket.ControlofbleedingIftheareaisnotclosedwithstitches,apressurepackmadeoffoldedsterile(消毒的)gauze(纱布)padswillbeplacedoverthesocket.Itisimportantthatthispacksatyinplacetocontrolbleedingandtoencourageclotformation.Thegauzeisusuallykeptinplacefor30minutes.Ifthebleedinghasnotstoppedoncetheoriginalpackisremoved,placeanewgauzepadovertheextraction.ControlofswellingAftersurgery,someswellingistobeexpected.Thiscanbecontrolledthroughtheuseofcoldpacks,whichslowthecirculation.Acoldpackisusuallyplacedatthesiteofswellingduringthefirst24hoursinacycleof20minutesonand20minutesoff.Afterthefirst24hours,itisadvisabletorinse(漱口)withwarmsaltwatereverytwohourstopromotehealing.(oneteaspoonofsalttoeightouncesofwarmwater).MedicationforpaincontrolPillssuchasAspirincanbeusedtocontrolminordiscomfortfollowingoralsurgery.Strongermedicinesmaybeprescribedbythedentistifthepatientisinextremediscomfort.DietandnutritionAsoftdietmaybeprescribedforthepatientforafewdaysfollowingsurgery.第4页共12页

Followingtheremovalofyourwisdomteethitisimportantthatyoucallyourdentistifanyunusualbleeding,swellingorpainoccurs.Thefirst6-8hoursaftertheextractionaretypicallytheworst,butaremanageablewithicepacksandnon-prescriptionpainmedication.Youshouldalsoplantoseeyourdentistapproximatelyoneweeklatertoensureeverythingishealingwell.Itisveryimportanttotalktoyourdentistaboutextractionprocedure,risks,possiblecomplicationsandoutcomesoftheremovaloftheseteeth.Theactualextractionmaybedonebyadentistoritmaybereferredtoanoralsurgeon,whoisaspecialist.Thisdecisionisbasedonthedentist’spreferenceandtheuniquefeaturesofeachindividualcase.Ifyouareunsureaboutwhetherornottoproceedwiththetreatmentsuggestedbyyourdentalprofessional,itisagoodideatogetasecondopinion.Ifyoudecideafterconsultingwithadentistnottohaveanyteethextracted,theyshouldbemonitoredateverydentalvisit.1.DentistshavereachedanagreementthatwisdomteethshouldberemovedincasethatA.theimpactedteethareinanabnormalposition.B.teetharecompletelyburiedorun-eruptedinanormalpositionC.teetharepreventedbygum（齿龈）,bone,anothertoothorallthreeD.teethareinanormalposition2.ThebesttimetoremovetheimpactedwisdomteethisA.betweentheagesof10and18yearsB.betweentheagesof12and20yearsC.betweentheagesof14and22yearsD.betweentheagesof16and24years.3.Ifthereisaninfection,thefirstthingtodoisA.togetthewisdomtoothremoved.B.tostopitbeforegettingthewisdomtoothremoved.C.toleaveitaloneD.tobrushyourteethwithyourtoothbrush4.BacteriaandfooddebrisremainingonthewisdomteethmayA.presentafoulsmell-causingbadbreathB.behardtoaccesswithyourtoothbrushC.requirespecialtreatment.D.exertpressureonthesurroundingteeth5.Dependingonthesizeshapeandpositionofthetooth,removalcanA.turnintoasimpleextraction.B.varyfromasimpleextractiontoamorecomplexextractionC.turnintoamorecomplexextractionD.varyfromsituationtosituation6.Afteryougetthewisdomteethextracted,you’dbetter.A.smokefor12hours第5页共12页B.restforawhileC.spitorsuckthroughastrawD.notspitorsuckthroughastraw7.Afteryourwisdomtoothisremoved,youshould.A.rins（e漱口）withwarmsaltwatereverytwohourstopromotehealingB.rinsewithwarmwatereverymorningfortwoweeksC.rinsewithwarmwatereverydayforonemonthD.rinsewithwarmwatereverytwohoursfortwoweeks8.Ifthepositionoftheimpactedteethisabnormal,itisadvisabletoweigh.9.Evenifyouhavedecidednottogetyourwisdomteethremoved,youstillhavetohavethem.10.Thepainfu1timeduringthefirst6-8hoursaftertheremovalofthetoothcanbecontrolledwith.IV.ReadingComprehension(40’,2’foreachchoice)得分评卷人Ausefulexpressionisslippingintothelistofkeytranslationsusedbynonsmokingworldtravelers:Don’tpuff（喷烟）onme.Incountryaftercountry,talkofnonsmokers’rightsisintheair.ThisfreshvoiceisheardfromAustraliatoSweden.Itsforceisfreeingcleanairfornonsmokers—andtighteningthesituationforsmokers.Whileamajorityofcountrieshavetakenlittleornoactionyet,some30nationshaveintroducedlegislativestepstocontrolsmokingabuse.Manylawshavebeenintroducedinothercountriestohelpcleartheairfornonsmokers,ortocutcigaretteconsumption.Inmanydevelopingnations,however,cigarettesmokingisseenasasignofeconomicprogress—andisevenencouraged.Whileitappearsthatindevelopedcountriestheconsumptionofcigaretteshasbecomestabilized,therearesomeindicationsthatitisstillrisingatasteadypaceinLatinAmerica.Despiteprogressinsegregating（分开）nonsmokersandsmokers,mostcountriesseelittlechangeinthenumberofsmokers.Infact,thereisajumpinthenumberofgirlsandyoungwomenstartingtosmoke.Sofar,anycooperationbetweentobaccointerestsandgovernments’campaignsagainstsmokinghasbeenintheareaoftobaccoadvertising.Restrictionsoncigaretteads,plushealthwarningsonpackagesandbansonpublicsmokingincertainplaces,arethemostpopulartoolsusedbynationsinsupportofnonsmokersorincurbing（抑制）smoking.第6页共12页Butworldattentionalsoisfocusingonotherstepswhichwill:—Preventpro-smokingscenesonTVandfilms.—Removecigarettevendingmachines.—Makeitillegaltosellorhandovertobaccoproductstominors.—Boostcigarettepriceswithhighertobaccotaxes.1.Whenyouaretravelingaroundtheworld,youwillfindthatA.thetopicofnonsmokers’rightsisahotissuefordiscussionB.theexpression“Don’tpuffonme”ispostedeverywhereC.fewcountriespayattentiontononsmokers’rights.D.smokersareforcedtogiveupsmokingtokeeptheairclean2.Whathavebeendonetocontrolsmokingintheworld?A.Amajorityofcountrieshavepassedlawsagainstsmoking.B.Somecountrieshavemadelawstorestrictcigaretteconsumption.C.SomegovernmentsinLatinAmericahavecutdownonthesalesofcigarettes.D.Manydevelopingcountrieshaveforbiddentheimportofforeigncigarettes.3.FromParagraph5wecanlearnthat.A.thenumberofsegregatedsmokersisontheriseB.thenumberofmalesmokersisdecreasinggraduallyC.thenumberoffemalesmokersisincreasingnowD.thenumberofnonsmokersislargerthanthatofsmokers4.Whichofthefollowingisaimedattherestrictionofsmokingaccordingtothepassage?A.Closingdownlargenumbersofcigarettefactories.B.Rewardingthosewhoneversmoke·C.Encouragingexportofcigarettes.D.Puttinghealthwarningsoncigarettepackages.5.SomeothermeasureshavebeentakentoreducesmokingsuchasA.changingthetypesofcigarettevendingmachinesB.clearingTVscreensofcigaretteadvertising.C.passinglawstostopcigaretteproductionD.restrictingthesaleofcigarettestospecialshopsonlyChildrenwhowatchviolenttelevisionshowsareatanincreasedriskofaggressionandviolentbehaviorastheybecomeyoungadults.That’sbasedonafifteen-yearstudypublishedinthecurrentissueoftheresearchjournalDevelopmentalPsychology.Backinthelate1970’swhenthisstudybegan,amongthetopratedshowswere‘Charlie’sAngels’and‘TheSixMillionDollarMan’.TheseweretheTVshowsthatmanyofthe557childreninRaulHuseman’sstudywerewatchingwhentheyweresixtotenyearsold.Bytoday’s第7页共12页standardstheseshowsmaynotseemthatviolent,buttherewasasignificantamountofon-screenphysicalviolenceinthem.Huseman,fromtheUniversityofMichigan,analyzedthetypesandamountsofviolenceintheseshowsandalsocollectedotherinformationonthekidsabouttheirhomelife,theirfriends,theirschoollife,andimportantlytheirlevelsofaggressivebehavior,likewhowasgettingintofights,whowaspushingandshoving（猛推）others,whowasstealingthings.Nowfast-forward15years:RaulHusemanwasabletotrackdownover80%oftheboysandgirlsfromtheoriginalstudy.Here-interviewedthem,nowintheirmid-twenties,andtalkedtotheirspouses（配偶）andclosefriendsandcheckedtheircriminalrecords.“Wefoundthatthosechildrenbackthen,whentheywere6,7,8or8,9,10,whohadbeenwatchingmoremediaviolencehadgrownuptobemoreaggressiveyoungadultsascomparedtotheyoungadultswhohadbeenjustasaggressiveinchildhoodbuthadnotwatchedasmuchviolenttelevision.”“Mostat-riskchildrenarechildrenwhowatchasteadydietofviolenttelevisionshows,identifywiththeaggressors,whosometimestheheroesandthelead-charactersinthoseshows,andwhoperceivetheviolenceasbeingrealisticandamodelforhowtoactinreallife.”6.Theconclusionofthefifteen-yearstudyisthat.A.childrenborninthe1970swoulddisplaymoreviolentbehaviorthanotherchildrenB.childrenwholiketopushandshoveotherswhenfightingwoulddevelopviolentbehaviorquicklyC.youngadultsarethegroupofpeoplewhoaremostinfluencedbyviolentTVD.youngpeoplewhowatchedviolentTVshowsinchildhoodtendtobecomeaggressive7.Thepurposeoftheresearchconducted15yearsagowastoA.findouttheagegroupsoftheTVaudience.B.assesssomefamousTVshowsC.studytheeffectsofviolentTVshowsonchildrenD.evaluatetherelationshipbetweenTVshowsandcrimes8.15yearslater,researcherRaulHuseman.A.couldn’tcontact80%oftheoriginalsubjectsB.talkedtosomeyoungadultsintheirmid-twentiesC.gotintouchwithmostofthoseinvolvedinthestudyD.checkedthecriminalrecordsoftheoriginalsubjects9.Theyoungadultswhousedtobeaggressivebutdidn’twatchmuchviolentTVinchildhood.A.turnedouttobeevenmoreaggressiveB.werelesslikelytogetinvolvedincrimeC.showedatendencytostealandfightaggressivelyD.becamelessaggressivethanthosewatchingviolentTVshowsinchildhood10.What’stheauthor’simpliedopinion?A.Childrenshouldnotwatchviolenttelevisionshows.第8页共12页B.At-riskchildrenshouldhaveasteadydiet.C.Societyshouldtakegreatercareofyoungadults.D.ThecharactersinTVshowsshouldbeheroesinreallife.Thewordconservationhasathrifty（节俭）meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“limitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornotingaboutcomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwood-lands;soi1destructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;peoplehadhardlystudiedlong-termclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conversation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday．Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshouldtherefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable（水位）inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds（分水岭）needtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentsofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.11.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis.A.positiveB.naturalC.suspiciousD.critical12.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthatA.theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry.B.theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentprotectionC.theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudyD.theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials13.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatearliergenerationsdidn’trealizeA.theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthingsB.theimportanceoftheproperlanduse.C.theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods第9页共12页D.theextraordinaryrapidgrowthofpopulation14.Withaviewtocorrectingthemistakesofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat_____________..A.weplantmoretreesB.webetaughtenvironmentalscience,aswellasthescienceofplantsC.environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryoneD.wereturntonature15.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“livingspace”is“figured”,alsoin“cubicvolumeabovetheearth”(Para.3)?.A.ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmallerB.ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolumeC.WeneedtotakesomemeasurestoprotectspaceD.WemustcreatebetterlivingconditionsforbirdsandanimalsWhentheyadviseyourkidsto“getaneducation”ifyouwanttoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnottoomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youareoccupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdisonandyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A.,youareonthelaunchingpad（发射台）.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.Ifyougotoforamaster’sdegree,makesureitisanM.B.A.,andonlyfromafirst-rateuniversity.Beyondthis,thefamouslawofdiminishingreturns（报酬递减律）beginstotakeeffect.Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreayearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthosetruckerswas$24,000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust$23,930.APh.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget,butexceptinafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistry,wherethedegreecanquicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacingadimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthiscountrythaninanyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesor—worstofall—inphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.ThousandsofPh.D.aresellingshoes,drivingcabs,waitingontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Andtheymaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegethatpaysmuchlessthanthejanitor（看门人）earns.Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofa第10页共12页profitonyou.16.Accordingtothewriter,whatthesocietyexpect