初识现在完成时

OverviewofthePresentPerfectTense一、现在完成时学习内容.现在完成时的基本构成。.现在完成时的基本句式。.现在完成时的主要用法。.短暂性动词的完成时态与一段时间连用时的形式转化。.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。二、现在完成时的基本构成have/has+过去分词三、现在完成时的基本句式.肯定句式第三人称单数以外的主语+have+过去分词….第三人称单数主语+has+过去分词…？.否定句式第三人称单数以外的主语+have't+过去分词….第三人称单数主语+hasn't+过去分词…..一般疑问句式及答语Have+主语+过去分词...？ Yes,...have. No,...haven't.Has+主语+过去分词...？ Yes,...has. No,...hasn't..特殊疑问句式疑问词WhozWherezWhat/How/Howlong等+have/has+主语+过去分词…？四、现在完成时的主要用法1.表示过去发生或已结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。1)一Howtidytheofficeis!办公室多么整洁啊！Whohascleanedit?谁打扫的？一HoneyandNancy. (过去有人打扫办公室,现在的结果:办公室很干净)2)—Tony,haveyoustoppedsmoking?-Yes.Drinkingteaismyfavoritenow.(过去我戒烟了,现在的结果:喝茶是我最喜爱的)3)Youdon'thavetodescribeMandyindetail.Ihavemetherseveraltimes.(过去我见到她好几次了,现在的结果:你不必详细描述曼迪了)学练同步:学中用，用中学，学用结合，学以致用!((((()1.Themachinedoesn'twork.Infact,itforseveralyears.A.didn'tworkB.hasn'twork C.doesn'tworked D.neverworks)2.—Ward,youdon'tlookwell.You'dbettergotoseethedoctor.-Oh,I.Hesaidnothingwaswrongwithme.A.have B.did C.will D.do)3.TheWorldWithoutThievesisaverymovingfilm.Iittwicealready.A.saw B.haveseenC.willsee)4.—Haveyourepairedyourwatch?一Yes.Iitabouttwentyminutesago.A.repaired B.willrepairC.haverepaired)5.myauntthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.A.I'dphonedB.I'vephoned C.I'mphoningD.hadseenD.isrepairingD.Iwasphoning（ ）6.YoUdon'thavetodescribethegirlindetail.Weherseveraltimes.A.willmeet B.met C.meet D.havemet（ ）7.Alan'sMP4islost.Hehaslookedforiteverywhere,butstillit.A.doesn'tfindB.didn'tfind C.hasn'tfoundD.won'tfind（ ）8.-Youdon'tfeelwell.youyourtemperature?—Yes.Ihavegotafever.A.Did,take B.Have,taken C.Have,took D.Will,take2.have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin曾去过某地（强调经历）已去某地了（现在没回到出发地）

已去某地一段时间（与时间段连用）注意这三组短语与副词where，abroad,here,there等连用时应去掉to,to,in,就分别成了have/hasbeen,have/hasgone,have/hasbeen.1）—Wherehaveyoubeenduringthesummerholidays?暑假期间你去过哪儿?—Ihavebeentomyaunt's.我去过姑姑家。（询问暑假期间去过哪儿,重在问经历,去过姑姑家,强调经历）2）—Idon'tfeelwell.Ihaveatoothache.—Sorrytohearthat.Haveyoubeentothedentist's?—Yes,Ihave. （听到对方说牙疼,询问去过牙医诊所了吗,重在问经历）3）—WherehasJulietbeenduringthesummerholidays?暑假期间Juliet去过哪儿？—ShehasbeentoSydney.她去过Sydney。（询问暑假期间去过哪儿,重在问经历,去过Sydney,强调经历）4）—Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenabroad?你出国多少次了？一Ihavebeenabroadtwice.我出国两次了。5）一Where'sourchairman?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellhim.—HehasgonetotheIibrary.（他去图书馆了,现在没回到出发地）6）—TheWhitesareonvacation.一Wherehavetheygone?—I'venoidea. （怀特一家在度假,现在没有回到出发地）7）—YouhavebeeninSingaporeformorethan3months.Howdoyoulikelivingthere?你去新加坡3个多月了,你认为生活在那儿怎么样？一It'sgreat.Ireallyloveit. （去新加坡3个多月了,强调持续了一段时间）8）—Howlonghaveyoubeenabroad?你去国外多久了？—Ihavebeenabroadforaround2years.我出国大约2年了。9）Tessisnotathome.ShehasbeeninTokyofortwoWeekS.（她去Tokyo两周了,强调持续了一段时间）10）—HasHarveyarrivedyet?—Hehasbeenhereforseveraldays. （他到这儿好几天了,强调持续了一段时间）重视学习过程：学得明白，才能想得明白！用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin填空一youeveranamusementpark?—No,never.—Howmanytimesyouawaterpark?—Itheretwice.—HasBrucearrivedyet?—Yes,hehereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon'tknowwherehe.Hi,Paul!Whereyou?DiCkislookingforyou.—Mark,Ihaven'tseenyourbrotherforalongtime.一HeAustriaonbusinessfornearlyoneyear.MissYukioisnotinheroffice.Shetheschoollibraryandshethereforhalfanhour.AlthoughKellyisonlysixyearsold,hemanyplacesintheworld.WadeChinaforfiveyears.Hesayshelikeslivingherequiteabit.一youevertheUnitedStates?—Yes,twice.-Hello,thisisLilyspeaking.CouldIspeaktoMr.Black?—Sorry.Hethesupermarket.Hewillcomebackin15minutes.—IhearHainanIslandisworthvisiting.youeverthere?—Yes,Iwenttherewithmyparentslastwinter.FranksaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknowswherethey—.—Howlongyouabroad?—Iabroadforabout3years.—Whereyouthesedays?—IhavejustcomebackfromQingdao.—WhereisAlice?—Sheisn'thererightnow.Shethepostoffice.3.现在完成时可与ever,never,just,before,yet,already等连用。注意ever曾经用于肯定句或问句。never从不,从来没有用于否定句。just刚刚用于肯定句。before以前独立用于现在完成时句末。already已经用于肯定句中间或末尾。yet已经用于问句末；yet还,尚,迄今,到那时用于否定句末。理论联系实践：培养用知识解决实际问题的能力！用ever,never,just,before,yet,already填空。A:HaveyoubeentoSweden?No,I'vebeentoanyEuropeancountries,butBeckhasbeentoFrance.HehascomebackfromParis.Helikesitverymuch.Hesayshehasbeentosuchabeautifulcountry.A:Haveyouseenhim?B:Yes,Ihaveseenhim.A:Hi,Dick!Youhavereturnedhome?B:Yes.IwentsightseeinginHangzhou.Haveyoubeenthere?No,.Infact,Ihaveseensuchabeautifulviewbefore.Bytheway,hasWardcalledyouup?Yes,hehascalledmeup.Heinvitedmetogoforapicnictomorrowmorning.Let'sgotheretogether.AndyoucantelluswhatyousawandheardinHangzhou.4.现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词,和从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间连用。这类时间词语有：for+时间段sincethen从那时以来since+表示过去的时间点(如sincelastnight)since+一般过去时 从 以来over/inthePaStZlast+时间段sofar到目前为止uptonow直到现在thesedays这些天在过去的一段时间里inrecent(few)years在近几年里bynow到现在为止nowadays当今today今天recently最近allthese+时间段—Whathashappenedtoyourhometown'shousesnowadays?今天你家乡的房屋已发生了什么变化？—Moretallbuildingshaveappeared.出现了更多的高楼。China,acountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld,hasencouragedmorepeopletolearnEnglishsincethe1970s.从20世纪70年代以来,中国这个世界上人口最多的国家一直鼓励更多的人学英语。Inthepast20yearsEnglishlearninghasbeenverypopularwithChineseyoungpeople.ManyofthemhavedonewellinEnglishandhavemadegreatprogressinspeakingit.在过去的20年里,学英语已经很受中国年轻人欢迎,其中许多人英语学得很好，而且在说英语方面取得了巨大进步。Sincethe1940sAmericahasbecomemoreandmorepowerful.TheAmericancomputerandInternetindustryhastakentheleadingpositionintheworld.从20世纪40年代以来美国变得越来越强大。美国的电脑和因特网产业已在世界上占据领先地位。Ourgovernmenthasdrawnupmanypoliciestogivesupporttopoorfamiliesinrecentyears.近些年我们的政府制定了许多帮助贫困家庭的政策。知能互动：知道不等于理解,理解不等于懂！( )1.-Whatanicecellphone!Howlonghaveyouhadit?—twoyearsago.A.Since B.For C.In D.After( )2.Iwon'tforgetmyteacher,MissBrown,becauseshekindtomesinceIcametothisschool.A.is B.was C.havebeenD.hasbeen( )3.Greatchangesinourhometowninrecentyears.A.happenedB.havehappenedC.tookplaceD.havetakenplace()4.—It'srainingoutside!Whendiditstart?—Idon'tknowexactly.Infact,itallthisafternoon.A.lasts B.haslasted C.lasted D.willlast( )5.ThecountrylifeDickwasusedtogreatlysincethereformandopeningup.A.changeB.haschangedC.ischangingD.havechanged( )6.Since1996,Luoyanghasbecomeanewcity.Everythingchanged.A.is B.was C.has D.had( )7.LiPingEnglishfor8years.NowshecanspeakquitegoodEnglish.A.learntB.haslearnt C.islearningD.learns( )8.heboughtacar,hehasdriventosendhiswifetoherworkplaceandgetherhome.A.After B.Before C.Since D.For()9.—Hasn'tRitacomeyet?—No,Iforherfornearly2hours.A.amwaiting B.havewaitedC.waited D.waswaiting()10.WendywithaChinesefamilyfortwoyears.Nowshe'susedtothelifeinChina.A.stays B.wouldstayC.isstaying D.hasstayed短暂性动词的完成时态与一段时间连用时的转化形式短暂性动词的完成时态不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，短暂性动词与一段时间连用时,通常要转化形式。短暂性动词与一段时间连用的转化形式为：begin beonbegintostudy studyborrow keepcatch/getacold haveacoldbuy/get haveclose beclosedcomeback——bebackcome/go/arrive/get behere/there/in…cometowork work die bedeadfallill/sick/asleep——beill/sick/asleep

getup beup finish/end beoverjoin bein/beamemberofmarry bemarried getmarried——bemarriedopen(动词,开,开业) beopen(形容词,开着的,营业的)sitdown beseatedCometo beindress bedressedgoout beoutgettoknow knowleave beaway(from)moveto liveinputon wearorbeon辨别正误：炼就火眼金睛,去伪存真.我买这个手机4年了。Ihaveboughtthiscellphonefor4years.Ihavehadthiscellphonefor4years/SinCe4yearsago..毛主席已经去世37年了。ChairmanMaohasdiedfor37years.ChairmanMaohasbeendeadfor36years/since37yearsago..Amy曾经去过国外吗？HasAmyeverbeenabroad?HasAmyevergoneabroad?.自从上星期二DiCk就来这儿了。DiCkhasbeenheresincelastTuesday.DickhascomeheresincelastTuesday..我离开家乡已十年了。Ihaveleftmyhometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfor10years..这个水果市场开业还不到一个月。Thisfruitmarkethasbeenopenfornomorethanonemonth.Thisfruitmarkethasopenedfornomorethanonemonth.短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的转换练习1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.→Thefilm for5minutes.2.Theyleftanhourago.→They foranhour.3.Thedogdiedaweekago.→J -Thedog foraweek.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.→⅜-, He theclubfor3days.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.→They Jfor10years.6.Hecamehereanhourago.→J -He Jheresinceanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.→Jack ⅜-, homefor2hours.8.Ericopenedasmallstorelastyear.→Thestore sincelastyear.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.→They — J since10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.→I thebookforaweek.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.→I thecarsinceayearago.单项选择:注重理解能力、综合分析问题能力的培养()1.—Yourdressissonice.Howlongyouit?—SincelastWednesday.A.have,bought B.did,buy C.have,had D.do,buy()2.IPlaytabletennisverywell,butItimetoPlaysincelastterm.A.haveno B.don'thave C.didn'thad D.haven'thave()3.—Ihaven'tseenamoviethisyear.—NeitherI.It'sbeentwoyearssinceIsawthelastmovie.A.have B.did C.do D.will()4.Over600millionpeoplehavevisitedDisneylandparksaroundtheworldAmericanDisneylandopenedinJuly1955.A.from B.since C.after D.before()5.—Howlonghaveyou?—Since1984.A.boughttheMP4 B.joinedthearmyC.livedinthiscity D.becomeamidfieldplayer()6.Comparedwithlastyear,ourpayabout$75permonth.A.hasincreasedbyB.increasedby C.hasincreasedD.increasedto()7.—Howareyoutoday?—Oh,IasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn'tfeel B.wasn'tfeeling C.haven'tfelt D.don'tfeel()8.TheHarryPotterbooksprettypopularwithteenagerssincetheywerepublished.A.become B.arebecoming C.havebecome D.became()9.—I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.—Oh,notatall.Ihereforonlyafewminutes.A.was B.am C.havebeen D.havearrived注意：短暂性动词的完成时态在否定句中可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。1)Ihaven'tseenGaleforalongtime.Wherehashegone?我已经好久没看到Gale了,他去哪儿了？2)Myaunthasn'tleftherhometowninrecentyears.近几年我姑姑没有离开过家乡。3)Genehasn'twrittentohisfamilysinceThanksgiving,sohedecidestodoitnow.Gene从感恩节以来就没给家人写过信,因此他决定现在给家人写信。4)—Wehaven'theardfromJaneforalongtime.Isupposesomethingmusthavehappenedtoher.我们很久没收到Jane的信了。我猜她一定发生什么事情了。—Idon'tthinkso.ASthesayinggoes,nonewsisgoodnews.5)Theflowersaredying.Wehaven'twateredthemforweeks. 这些花快要死了,我们几周没给花儿浇水了。用现在完成时的句型Therehave/hasbeen...已经有或发生了 TherehavebeengreatchangesinChinainthepast30years.在过去的30年里中国发生了巨大变化。it用作主语谈论时间,常与since连用。常用结构有两种：Ithasbeen+一段时间+since+一般过去时Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时IthasbeenalongtimesinceNeilleftChina.=ItisalongtimesinceNeilleftChina.Neil已经离开中国很久了。Howlonghasitbeensincewelastwenttothecinema?=Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothecinema? 我们多久没看电影了？Itisthefirst/secondtime…that…中that从句部分用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.Thisisthe…that…中that从句要用现在完成时。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen, 这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I,veheardhimsing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时:过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调现在情况，不和yesterday,lastnight,in2008,threeyearsago,justnow等表示过去的时间直接连用。()1.RoseCametoPerthin2004.Sheherefor8years.A.is B.came C.hasbeenD.hascome()2.-Wouldyouliketogoandseethemoviewithmetonight?一Thankyou,butIitalready.A.saw B.haveseen C.see D.willsee()3.一Howlonghastheweatherbeenlikethis?A.UntillastnightB.Eversincelastnight

()4.Hurryup!Themovieforfiveminutes.C.TwodaysagoD.TwodayslaterA.began B.hasbegun C.started()5.一Whyareyousolate?Thetrainforabouttenminutes.—Sorry.Iforgotthetime.A.left B.hasleft C.wasaway()6.一Howlongyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?—Abouthalfayear.A.has B.had C.isitsinceD.hasbeenonD.hasbeenawayD.wastherethat()7.ItoCanadaseveraltimes.It'ssobeautiful.A.won'tgo B.don'tgo C.havegone D.havebeen()8.ThisisthemostexcitingmatchthatIwatched.A.havenever B.haveever C.don't D.didn't一般过去时:描述过去的动作或状态,强调过去的情况,与lastweek,fivedaysago,in1986,yesterdayevening,justnow等表示过去的时间直接连用。()1.—HaveyoueverbeentoNewYork?—Yes,Itherefourmonthsago.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.went D.wentto()2.一ThesefarmershavebeentoGermany.—Really?Whentheythere?A.have,beenB.did,go C.have,goneD.will,go()3.—Hi,Rita.Youseemtobetired.What'sthematter?—Iwelllastnight.A.didn'tsleepB.haven'tsleptC.don'tsleep D.won'tsleep()4.I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain.It10minutesago.A.hasleft B.left C.leaves D.isleaving()5.—Howwasyourweekend?—Great!Weapicnicbythelake.A.havehadB.arehavingC.had D.willhave()6.—Scotthasalreadyreturnedtoourtown.—Really?Whereyouhim?A.do,see B.have,seenC.will,see D.did,see()7.Itissaidthatpotatochipsbymistakeaboutahundredyearsago.A.wereinvented B.invented C.haveinvented D.invent()8.TinaandherparentstoFinlandforsightseeinglastsummer.A.go B.went C.willgo D.havegone()9.—Theskirtlooksdifferentfromothersanditisverypretty.—Thanks.Itbymymotherlastmonth.A.made B.hasbeenmade C.wasmade D.ismaking()10.Alicestoodtherewatchinguntilthetrainfromview.A.disappears B.willdisappear C.disappeared D.hasdisappeared动词的过去分词构成规则(一)规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同1、一般在动词原形末尾加-edhelp→helped,look→looked,play→played,work→worked,listen→listened,wash→washed,clean→cleaned,2、结尾是e的动词加--dlive---livedhope---hopeduse---usedlike---liked3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加一edstop---stoppedstep—steppedchat—chattedplan---planned4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加一edstudy-studiedcarry---carriedcry---criedworry→worried(二)不规则动词的过去分词：a.过去分词与动词原形的拼写形式相同：let→let,put→put,read→read,cost→cost,cut→cuti→u:begin→begun,drink→drunk,dig→dug,ring→rung,sing→sung,swim→swumdrive→driven,give→given,rise→risenride→riddenwrite→writtenow→own:grow→grown,know→known,throw→thrownf.含ough或augh的：bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought；catch→caught,teach→taughtg.am∕is∕are→been do∕does→donego→gone have∕has→had不规则动词的过去分词平时出现要留心,逐个熟记,注意积累。典型例题探究:启迪思维,举一反三,学得更轻松！—Doyouknowourtownatall?一No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.A.was B.havebeen C.came D.amcoming简析:ThiSisthefirsttime后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。—Haveyoubeentoourtownbefore?一No,it'sthefirsttimeIhere.A.already,comeB.already,havecome C.ever,comeD.ever,havecome简析:ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中,从句要用完成时,故选D。—Hello，thisisLilyspeaking.CouldIspeaktoMr.Black?—Sorry.HetotheXUanWULakePark.A.hasbeenB.wentC.hasgoneD.willgo简析:要找的人此时不在,说明此时已去了玄武湖公园,用现在完成时。hasbeento表示已去过某个地方,而现在不在那个地方了,故选C。Inthepastfewyearstheregreatchangesinmyhometown.A.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are简析:over/inthelast/past+一段时间为现在完成时的标志,故选A。—didyouruncleleavehishometown?—Hefornearlytwentyyears.A.Howlong,hasbeenaway B.When,hasleftC.When,hasbeenaway D.Howlong,hasleft简析:第一空根据did...leave选When,第二空根据fornearlytwentyyears选hasbeenaway.连线中考，明了命题规律，跃出题海，智慧备考！( )1.—Howlongyouhere?—Forabouttwoyearssofar.A.have;studiedB.did;live C.do;come D.will;stay()2.PaultohisfamilysinceThanksgiving,sohedecidestodoitnow.A.hasn'twritten B.didn'twrite C.hadn'twritten D.won'twrite()3.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknowswhere.A.theyhavebeen B.arethey C.aretheyfrom D.theyhavegone( )4.—Tony,yousmoking?一Yes.Drinkingteaismyfavoritenow.A.will;stop B.did;stop C.would;stopD.have;stopped( )5.—Wow,somanynewhouses!Ican’tbelievethat.ItUSedtobeapoorvillage.—Yes.WiththedevelopmentofChina,haschangedhere.A.nothing B.something C.everythingD.anything( )6.—Manyhistor