词汇学复习资料

Awordisofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.

aminimalfreeform

asmallestmeaningfulunit

anelementwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzed

agrammaticallyminimalform

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotcorrect

Awordcanbeformedbytwofreemorphemes

Awordcanbeformedbyafreemorphemeandaboundmorpheme

Awordcanbeformedbytwoboundmorphemes

Awordcanbeformedbyanytwoaffixes.

Thesymbolicconnectionofawordtoaparticularthingisalmostalways

logicalB.arbitraryC.inherentD.automatic

Indifferentlanguages,thesameconceptscanberepresentedbydifferentsounds,whichshows.

therelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningcannotbeestablished.

therearedifferentlogicalrelationsbetweensoundandmeaning

therelationbetweensoundandmeaningisamatterofconvention

theconceptsarenotreallythesame

Thepronunciationofalanguagehaschangedmorethanspellingoverthe

years.

systematicallyB.arbitrarilyC.logicallyD.rapidly

TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyconsistsof.

allthelanguagesinEuropeandIndia

allthelanguagesinIndiaandsomelanguagesinEurope.

mostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,andIndia.

SomeofthelanguagesofEurope andallthelanguagesoftheNearEast

TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobe.

A. Ahighlyinflectedlanguage.B. Ahighlydevelopedlanguage.

C. Averydifficultlanguage.D. Alanguageofleveledendings.

TheEasternsetofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyincludessuchlanguagesas

Polish,WelshandHindiB.English,FrenchandRussian

C.German,PersianandIrishD.Armenian,AlbanianandBulgarian

TheGermanicfamilyconsistsofthefourEuropeanlanguages:.

A.Slovenian,Czech,RomanyandItalicB.Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedish

C.Scottish,Irish,WelshandBretonD.Portuguese,Italian,EnglishandGerman

5.onlymadeasmallcontributiontotheEnglishvocabulary.

LatinB.CelticC.DanishD.Spanish

ThefirstpeoplesknowntoinhabitwhatisnowEnglandare.

Anglo-Saxons B.FrenchspeakingNormans

C.Celts D.Jutes

Englishismorecloselyrelatedto.

A.GermanthanFrench.B.FrenchthanGerman

C.WelshthanGermanD.IrishthanDutch

Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishisthecreationofnewwordsbymeansof.

translation-loans B.semanticloans

C.wordformation D.borrowings

OldEnglishvocabularywasinessencewithasmallquantityofwords

borrowedfromLatinandScandinavian.

A.Celtic B.GermanicC.Roman D.Irish

Englishhasevolvedfrom.

ananalyticlanguagetoasyntheticlanguage

aCelticlanguagetoaBritishlanguage

analyticlanguagetoalessinflectionallanguage

asyntheticlanguagetoananalyticlanguage

Therelationshipbetweentheword-formandmeaningis.Mostwordscanbesaidtobe.

A.prescriptive,motivatedB.prescriptive,non-motivated

C.arbitrary,motivated D.arbitrary,non-motivated

ofthefollowingisincorrect

A.“airmail”means“mailbyair” B."reading-lamp”means“lamp

forreading”

C.“greenhorn”isthehorngreenincolor D."hopeless”is"without

hope”

explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandtriturativesenseoftheword.

A.EtymologicalmotivationB.Onomatopoeticmotivation

C.MorphologicalmotivationD.Semanticmotivation

Nowpeopleuse"pen”foranywritingtoolthoughitoriginallydenotes"feature”.

Thisphenomenoncanbeexplainedby.

A.etymologicalmotivation B.onomatopoeticmotivation

C.morphologicalmotivation D.semanticmotivation

isthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofword-meaning.

A.GrammaticalmeaningB.Denotativemeaning

C.AssociativemeaningD.Connotativemeaning

Whenreaderscomeacrosstheword"home”inreading,theymayberemindedoftheirfamily,friends,warmth,safety,love.Thatisbecauseofthe"home”has

A.collocationsB.connotations C.denotationsD.

perorations

"Domicile,residence,abode,home”arealmostthesameinconceptualmeaning,butdiffermainlyin.

A.connotativemeaningB.affectivemeaningC.collocativemeaningD.stylisticmeaning

varyfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture,fromgenerationtogeneration,fromsocietytosociety.

A.Connotativeandaffectionmeanings B.Connotativeandcollcational

meanings

C.Affectiveandcollocationalmeanings D.Affectiveandstylistic

meanings

“Prettyandhandsome”，“trembleandquiver”differmainlyintheirmeanings.

A.affectiveB.collocative C.stylisticD.denotative

word“treacle”hasthefollowingsenses:(1)wildbeast;(2)remedyforbitesofvenomousbeasts;(3)antidoteforpoisonorremedyforpoison;(4)anyeffectiveremedy;(5)(BrE)molasses.Whatsemanticprocesshas“treacle”undergone_A.centralizationB.radiationC.concatenationD.narrowing

groupofthefollowingareperfecthomonyms_

dear(alovedperson)—deer(akindofanimal)

bow(bendingtheheadasagreeting)—bow(thedeviceusedforshooting)

bank(theedgeoftheriver)—bank(anestablishmentformoneybusiness)

right(correct)—write(putdownonpaperwithapen)followingarethemainsourcesofhomonymsexcept.

A.changeinmeaningB.changeinsoundC.changeinspellingD.borrowing

“Charmandglamour”，“ranchandran”aretwopairsofsynonymsresultingfrom.

A.borrowing B.dialectsandregionalEnglish

C.figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwordsD.withidiomaticexpressions

“win”and“gaintheupperhand”，“hesitate”and“beintwominds”aretwopairsofsynonymsresultingfrom.

A.coincidencewithidiomaticexpressions.B.figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwords.

C.dialectsandregionalEnglish. D.borrowing

Thepartofapieceofwritingorspeechwhichsurroundsawordandhelpstoexplainitsmeaningiscalled.

A.Linguisticcontext B.Grammaticalcontext

C.Extra-linguisticcontext D.Para-linguisticcontext

Inabroadsense,extra-linguisticcontextincludes.

A.stressB.timeC.intonationD.wordorder

Fromthephrase“awhitepaper”，weknowthatthemeaningoftheword“paper”

hereis“document”.Thisshowsthatthecontextcandefinethemeaningof

aword.

A.extra-linguisticB.grammaticalC.lexicalD.situational

Themeaningsofawordmaybeinfluencedbythestructureinwhichitoccurs.The

structureinwhichthewordinquestionappearscanbecalledDcontext.

A.situationalB.morphologicalC.lexical

Inanarrowsense,contextreferstoinwhichawordappears.

A.thewordsBclausesC.sentencesD.Alloftheabove

Theextra-linguisticcontextmanyextendtoembrace.

A.grammaticalcontextB.lexicalcontextC.culturalcontextD.linguisticcontext.

Indifferentcountries,“tradeunion”canbeinterpretedindifferentways.This

meansthatmayhaveadefininginfluenceonthemeaningofanexpression.

A.linguisticcontext B.collocationofwords

C.acompoundwordoraphraseD.culturalbackground

Thewordsthatoccurtogetherwiththewordinquestionareoftentermedas.

A.grammaticalcontext B.compoundwords

C.lexicalcontext D.situationalcontext

thanonevariant,whichcanrealizesomemorphemesaccordingtothepositioninaword,aretermed.

A.phonemesB.allomorphsC.morphs D.phones

Inthewords"recollection,idealistic,andex-prisoner","re-,-ion,-ist,-ic,ex-,and-er"are.

A.prefixesB.suffixesC.freemorphemesD.boundmorphemes

3.isthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningbuthastobeusedincombinationwithothermorphemestomakewords.

A.FreerootB.BoundrootC.MorphemeD.Boundmorpheme

Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareknownas.

A.morphemesB.derivationalmorphemesC.inflectionalmorphemesD.suffixes

isthebasicformofaword,whichcan'tbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.

A.Stem B.Root C.MorphemeD.Affix

Amayconsistofasinglemorphemeasin"iron"oroftwomorphemesasinacompoundlike"handcuff".

A.stem,root,rootB.root,stem,stemC.stem,stem,rootD.root,root,stem

1.Thenewwordsproducedfromshorteningincludingclippingandacronymsamounttoofallthenewwords.

A.30%to40% B.28%to30%C.8%to10%D.1%to5%

2.isdefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas.

A.derivation,affixation B.affixation,derivation

C.derivative,affixation D.affixation,derivative

”De-,dis-,un-,"in"de-compose,disunite,unwrap",arecalled.

A.pejorativeprefixes B.negativeprefixes

C.reservativeprefixes D.miscellaneousprefixes

"Hyper-,macro-,mini-,sub-,super-,ultra-",belongto.

A.prefixesoforientation B.prefixesofattitude

C.prefixesofdegreeorsize D.prefixesoftimeandorder

belongtopejorativeprefixes.

B.auto-,neo-,pan-,vice

D.mal-,mis-,pseudo-

A.anti-,contra-,counter-,pro

C.de-,dis-,un-

"Pan-European"means.

B.againstEurope

D.formerEurope

A.forEurope

C.thewholeofEurope

”Profiteer,engineer,priestess,kitchenette,booklet"arecalled.

A.concretedeverbalnouns B.concretedenominalnouns

C.abstractdenominalnouns D.abstractdeverbalnouns

"Productivity,happiness,largeness"fallintothegroupof.

A.DeverbalnounsB.DenominalnounsC.De-adjectivenounsD.De-adverbnouns

belongtodeverbalsuffixes.

A.-able,-iveB.-ly,-wardC.-ate,-enD.-ful,-less,

Whenweuse"agreenhand"tomean"aninexperiencedperson","ablackhorse"tomean"anunexpectedwinner",weshouldreadthemas.

A.agreen'hand,a'blackhorse B.a'greenhand,a'blackhorse

C.agreen'hand,ablack'horse D.a'greenhand,ablack'horse

Sometimes,themeaningofacompoundcanbeinferredfromitsseparateelements,forexample,.

A.hotdog B.redmeatC.flowerpotD.fathead

Thefollowingcanbechangedintopluralformsbyaddinginflectional-sdirectlytotheirends,except.

A.brother-in-law B.three—year-oldC.majorgeneralD.new-born

Themeaningsofmanycompoundsandderivativesarethetotalofthe

combined.

A.morphs B.allomorphsC.rootsD.morphemes

WhichgroupofthefollowingarethenouncompoundsacceptableinEnglish

breakout,downfall,intake,downslide

outbreak,three-leg,outcry,breakthrough

runaway,hangover,going-over,upbringing

stockholder,brainstorming,deadline,easy-going

WhichgroupofthefollowingaretheadjectivecompoundsacceptableinEnglish

far-reachng,forth-coming,air-conditioning,on-going.

ten-story,five-leg,moon-walk,wadingbind

deaf-mute,bitter-sweet,one-eyed,air-conditioned

proof-reading,massproduction,warweary,stone-hearted

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse

Conversionreferstotheuseofwordsofoneclassasthatofadifferentclass.

Wordsmainlyinvolvedinconversionarenouns,verbsandadverbs.

Partialconversionandfullconversionareconcernedwithadjectiveswhenconvertedtonouns.

Theconversionbetweennounsandverbsmayinvolveachangeofstress.

Whichgroupofthefollowingispartiallyconvertedwhenusedasnouns

A.poor,young,affluent,drunk B.poor,corrupt,rich,affluent

C.poor,newly-wed,drinkable,white D.white,final,native,liberal

“Omnibus,earthquake,discotheque”arereplacedby“bus,quake,disco”respectivelyinthewayof.

A.conversionB.clippingC.acronymD.backformation

Whichgroupofthefollowingareacronyms

A.VOA,AIDS,BASIC,D-Day B.CORE,Laser,TEFL,NATO

C.G-man,BBC,BASIC,NATO D.TV,ID,TB,UFO

Themostproductivemeansofword-formationinmodernEnglisharethefollowingexcept.

A.compoundingB.affixationC.acronymD.conversion

Accordingtothegivenmeaning,ChoosetheproperformoftheEnglishidiomfromthefouralternativeanswers.

A.tillcowscomehomeB.tillthecowscomehome

C.tillbullscomehomeD.tillthebullscomehome

inthought

A.inabrownstudyB.inaredstudyC.inagreenstudyD.inadarkstudy

onlyinwords,notinfact

A.mouthserviceB.lipserviceC.braintrustD.mindtrustcertainly

A.sureaseggiseggB.sureasaeggisaeggC.sureaseggsareeggsD.sureaseggsiseggs

A.intheairB.intheopenC.intherawD.inthestrawuselessandunwantedbutbigandcostly

A.whiteelephantB.darkelephantC.whitehorseD.darkhorseimportantandessentialpart

A.mightandmainB.bagandbaggageC.sumandsubstanceD.partandparcel

fromcontinuoususe

A.fairandspareB.toilandmoilC.wearandtearD.kithandkinmemberthoughttobeadisgraceinthefamily

A.blacksheepB.adarkhorseC.graymareD.whiteelephantalldifficultiesandtroubles

A.throughhighandlowB.throughthickandthinC.fromheadtofootD.fromstarttofinish

Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosethebestone.

thefollowingidioms,whichoneisnominalinnatureasfarassyntacticfunctionisconcerned.

andbloodandsoulandnailandlow

speaking,idiomsareexpressionsthatarenotreadilyunderstandablefromtheirofindividualelements.

meaningmeaningmeaningmeaning

structureofanidiomistoalargeextent.

oftheabove

ofsynonymsiscalled.

referstoidiomsinwhichthenameofonethingisusedforthatofanotherassociatedwithit.

DMetonymy

meaningoftheidiomblackbottleis.

drink

thatisblackincolorboughtinanillegalway

figureofspeechisappliedinthefollowingidioms"thesaltoftheearth";"snakeinthegrass".

isthemotherofsuccess,intheidiom,isused.

ofthefollowingidiomsmeansthingsoflittlevalue

andmeansandendsofdusttire,deletion,replacement,dismembering,etc.are.

manipulationfeaturesofspeechofidioms

broomssweepclean,washonedirtylineninpublicisfirstusedby.

皿Saywhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

eachconsistofmorethanoneword,butlotsofthemfunctionasoneword.

meaningofidiomsalwayshavelogicalrelationshipwiththeliteralmeaningofindividualwords.

constituentsofanidiomcannotbechanged,notevenonearticle.

structuralstabilityisabsoluteinactualuse.

speaking,mostidiomsareeitherformalorinformal.

eachidiomisasemanticwhole,eachcanbereplacedbyasingleword.

theidiomsthatfunctionasadjectivesconsistofadjectives.

largeproportionofidiomswerefirstcreatedbyworkingaresult,mostofthemarenowstillconfinedtolimitedgroupofpeopleengagedinthesametradeoractivity.

numbersofidiomsareusedintheirmetaphoricalmeaning.

metonymyandsynecdocheinvolvesubstitutionofnames,yettheydifferfromeachanother.

positionofcertainconstituentsinsomeidiomscanbeshiftedwithoutanychangeinmeaning.

somecases,idiomscanbebrokenunintopiecestoachievespecialeffect.

idiomsarepeculiartothenativecultureandlanguage,manyimagescreatedbythemareexpressive,effectiveandimpressiveeventoforeignlearners

dogiscalleda"dog”becausethesoundandthethreelettersthatmakeupthewordautomaticallysuggesttheanimalinquestion.

wordisasmallestmeaningfulunitthathasasoundunityandagrammaticalfunction.

writtenformofalanguageisthewrittenrecordoftheoralform,thereforethewrittenformagreeswiththeoralform.

isatermthatcanonlybeusedtorefertothetotalnumberofwordsinalanguage.F1.EnglishlanguageisthelanguageoftheearlyinhabitantsoftheBritishIsles.T2.OldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendingswhileMiddleEnglishwasoneofleveledendings.

T3.ModernEnglishbeganwiththeestablishmentofprintinginEngland.

F4.InmodernEnglishperiod,borrowingisnolongeranimportantchannelofvocabularyexpansion.

T5.InearlierstagesofEnglish,French,Latin,GreekandScandinavianwerethemajorcontributorstotheexpansionofEnglishvocabulary.

F6.ThebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishPeriodwasmarkedbytheNormanConquestwhichbroughtmanyLatinwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.

T7.IntheMiddleEnglishperiod,WycliffandShakespearemadegreatcontributionstotheelevationofthesocialstatusoftheEnglishlanguage.

F8.OldEnglishhasavocabularyofabout20,000to90,000words.

F9.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-SaxonasModernEnglish.

languagemadegreatcontributionstotheexpansionoftheEnglishvocab

T1.Compoundsandderivedwordsaremulti-morphemicwords,andthemeaningofmanyarethesumtotalofthemorphemescombined.

F2.Bymorphologicalmotivation,wemeanthatameaningofaparticularwordisrelatedtoitsorigin.

F3.Functionalwordshavebothlexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning.

T4.Grammaticalmeaningreferstothepartofspeech,tensesofverbsandstylisticfeaturesofwords.

F5.Inmanycasestheappreciativeorpejorativemeaningofthewordsareproducedoutofcontext.

F1.Aruleofword-formationisusuallyidenticalwithasyntacticrule.

rulesthemselvesarenotfixedbutundergochangestoacertainextent.

F3.Affixeslike"-th”areveryproductiveincurrentEnglish.

F4.Thechieffunctionofprefixesistochangethewordclassofthestems.

F5.Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethemeaningofthestem.

F6.Compoundsarewordsformedbycombiningaffixesandstems.

F7."-age,-al,-ance,-ation,-ence”in"linkage,dismissal,attendance,protection,existence”canproducelargelyconcretenounsbybeingaddedtoverbstems.F8.Themeaningofacompoundisusuallythecombinationofstems.

F9.Thefreephrasehastheprimarystressonthefirstelementandthesecondarystress,ifany,onthesecond.

F10.Inbothcompoundsandfreephrasestheadjectiveelementcantakeinflectionalsuffixes.

F11.Conversionisonlyachangeofgrammaticalfunctionofalexicalitemwithnolossofitsdifferentrangeofmeaningoriginallyconveyed.

F12.Afullyconvertednounfromanadjectivehasallthefeatures