如何使用做科研报告

如何使用PPT做科研报告

2010年度新生培训施华2010年1月17日TheCraftof

ScientificPresentations本次讲座英文部分全部来自CSP一书作者

MichaelAlley的主页及其著作/csp.htmlMichaelAlleyAssociateProfessorofEngineeringCommunicationCollegeofEngineeringThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity致谢BCCBMP多年传承的宝贵经验和智慧结晶！2一场报告就好比一场电影成本报告的成本=报告人所花的准备时间+讲的时间 +听众听的时间 +去报告现场的时间+费用 +听众所花的注册费 +付给报告人的讲课费 +其他3为什么要做报告？4对报告人的要求要准备充分

（PPT初稿

和组长讨论

修改

讲演稿

反复练习）培养气场，克服紧张

（眼神交流，手势，借助光笔、教鞭等道具）打扮得体不要轻易临场发挥

（时间不好控制，容易出错）几个不好的习惯

（跑到投影幕布前，扭头看屏幕过于频繁，光笔乱点）5报告的前期准备——分析分析听众、目的、环境audiencepurposeoccasionwhoarethey?whatdotheyknow?whyaretheyhere?whatbiasesdotheyhave?toinformtopersuadetoinspiretoteachformalitysizetime6BCCBMP常见的报告分类按场合分汇报工作（5张PPT：2张背景、2张进展、1张展望）组会

（背景部分可以压缩，重点在自己的工作，展开细节）月报（着重在课题意义，介绍必要的背景，切忌罗列实验步骤）开题报告（参照模板）答辩（参照模板，背景介绍要考虑答辩评委的研究背景）国内、国际会议的口头报告/张贴报告按内容分文献阅读（不能只是讲作者的思路，要注意结合自身）工作汇报/投稿申请7BCCBMP对月报的要求研究进展报告时间为15分钟，论文投稿报告时间为25分钟，提问10分钟；报告人在报告ppt的第一页应打出课题组的课题任务书，写明本人在课题组该完成的任务，便于评价；报告分研究进展、论文投稿两类。报告时应首先说明自己的报告类型。其中，研究进展报告主要分三部分：背景（要直接紧密相关，不要宽泛），研究方案（最好以图表示），研究结果；论文投稿主要是讲思路，讲结果，讲透创新点在哪里。8BCCBMP对学术报告的要求BraveConfidenceConciseBrilliantMotivationPotential9如何自导自演一场成功的报告？实战篇1010Presentationscanbeviewed

fromthreestylisticperspectivesStructureandSpeech剧情&剪辑VisualAids视觉效果DeliveryArchives,Cal-Tech表演&音效11BeginningEndingMiddleAswithdocuments,thestructureofpresentationsshouldhaveclearbeginnings,middles,andends12Beginningspreparetheaudience

fortheworktobepresentedDefinesworkWork=A+BMapspresentationABCDShowsimportanceGivesbackground13Themiddlepresentsthework

inalogicalorder14pre-combustionmethodscombustionmethodspost-combustionmethodscombustionmethodsInthemiddle,youmakesmooth

transitionsbetweenmajorpoints15BeginningMiddleTopic1Topic2Topic3EndingTransitionisimportantinapresentation16Theendingsummarizesmainpointsandplacesthoseresultsinthecontextofthebigpicturepoint1point2point3point4point5point6point7point8point1point7SummaryBigPicture17剧本实战小结Conclusion页是最重要的一页，应让它停留的时间尽可能长，给人留下深刻印象。建议作为ppt的最后一页。在提问时间，展示出来的应是Conclusion页，而不是无意义的ThankYou或大大的问号。致谢页可以放在前面。18WiresnotharnessedtopreventcontactwithhousingInsummary,theunitfailedbecauseofashort-circuitcreatedbyabrasionofwireinsulationQuestions?Wireabradedagainsthousing,exposingconductorShortcircuittogroundcreatedwherewirecontactedhousing19Presentationscanbeviewed

fromthreestylisticperspectivesStructureandSpeech剧情&剪辑VisualAids视觉效果DeliveryArchives,Cal-Tech表演&音效20Onetypeofvisualaidthatdeservesreflectionisthepresentationslide21Audiencesremembermorewhenyouusewell-designedslides102030405060Recall(%)HearandSeeSeeHear22Whatinformationtoinclude?ExcludedIncludedWhatformattochoose?Nomatterwhattypeofprojectionyouuse,youmustmakecertaindecisions23Chooseaformatthatiseasilyread

ArialBOOKANTIQUAChooselegibletypeChooseahelpfullayoutwordswordswordswordswordswordswordswords字体选择：ArialArialNarrowComicSanMSUnivers字体选择：ArialArialNarrowComicSanMSUnivers28Pts24Pts18PtsReference&logosusing14Pts根据房间大小字体可适当加大中文选择黑体系列24Colorcandistinguishapresentation25ColoraffectshowfasttheaudiencecanreadThecolorcombinationthatisreadmostquicklyisblackonyellow.26红底黑字是致阅读速度最慢的一种组合之一27黑底红字的阅读速度比前者还要慢慢慢慢。。。28深蓝色字和深绿色字在白色或黄色背景上虽然没有黑色字读起来快，但是都足够适用于学术报告了。29ColoraffectshowfasttheaudiencecanreadWhatisimportantisthatthecombinationhascontrast—theoneonthisslidefailstodoso.30ColoraffectshowfasttheaudiencecanreadCombinationsofred,green,andbrownaredifficultformanypeopletoread31ColoraffectstheemotionsoftheaudienceAvoidhavingahotcolorsuchasredororangeasyourbackgroundcolor.32黑色背景，白色/黄色字更环保是未来流行趋势33钱煦报告赏析34钱煦报告赏析35关于模板……36OutlineWhyopticalimaging?Whatcanopticalimagingfind?Whyatdifferentlevels?How?Opticalimagingapproachesfromneuron,neuronalnetwork,toanimalandhumancerebralcortexImagingneuronsMPE+PC失败的模板设计373839HeadlineBodyRecommendedhereisasentence-headlinedesignthatquicklyorientstheaudience40414243444546474849505152535556视觉效果实战小结PPT的制作以容易阅读为准则注意字体、字号、排版颜色搭配适当，建议控制在2种以内，不超过3种拒绝微软自带模板。以论点作标题，论据图文结合下面举一整套例子59NameNameNameDepartmentInstitutionDateKeyimageforintroducingtalk’sscope,importance,orbackgroundLogoTitleofPresentationinInitialCapitals:32or36Points,ArialBold

60KatrineAspmoTorunnBergNorwegianInstitutefor

AirResearch

GretheWibetoeUniversityofOslo,

Dept.ofChemistryJune16,2004AtmosphericMercuryDepletionEventsinPolarRegionsduringArcticSpringTopic1ImageforTopic1Topic2ImageforTopic2Topic3ImageforTopic3Thispresentationfocuseson…(completesentence,butgonomorethantwolines)62ThistalktraceswhathappenstomercuryafteritdepletesfromtheatmosphereinarcticregionsTheoryformercurycyclingMeasurementsfromtheZeppelinAirMonitoringStationEnvironmentalimplicationsIfnecessary,identifykeyassumptionorbackgroundforaudience—keeptotwolines(18–24pointtype)Image(s)supporting

aboveassertionThissentenceheadlinemakesanassertionon

thefirsttopic:28points,nomorethantwolines64Fragmentsquicklyoutpacetheblastwave,andbecometheprimaryhazardtopersonnel65Call-out,ifnecessary:keeptooneortwolinesImageorequationssupporting

theheadlineassertionCall-out,ifnecessary:keeptooneortwolinesCall-out,ifnecessary:keeptooneortwolinesThissentenceheadlinemakesanassertiononthesecondtopic:28points,nomorethantwolines66ReynoldsNumberNuo,foTwallTinletHeatFlux,q˝hNuTbulkFrictionFactor,fPressureDropPressureTapsThermocouplesVenturiMeterVoltmeterNormalizedfrictionfactorsandNusseltnumberscorrelatedourdatawiththedataofothers67PhysicalspaceFourierspaceChangeofvariabletoeliminatelineartermsFFT(spatial)ApplyfilterstospecificwavelengthsComputem’thspatialderivativebymultiplyingwith(ik)mIFFTReversechangeofvariableMarchonetimestepwithRungeKuttaInpseudospectralmethods,someoperations

arecarriedoutinFourierspace68Supportingpoint,ifneededSupportingpoint,ifneeded:paralleltofirstpointImagesupportingaboveassertionThissentenceheadlinemakesanassertionon

thethirdtopic:28points,nomorethantwolines69OurworkshowsthatatmosphericmercurydepletioneventsleadtoincreasedmercuryinsurfacesnowAdvantagesEasytoshapeLightinweightResistanttocorrosionDisadvantagesLowconductivityHighcost(atpresent)Compositematerialsareidealforpolarplates71Supportingpoint(nomorethantwolines)Anothersupportingpoint(paralleltothefirst)ImagethatsupportsconclusionQuestions?Insummary,thissentenceheadlinestatesthemostimportantassertionofthepresentationLogo72WiresnotharnessedtopreventcontactwithhousingInsummary,theunitfailedbecauseofashort-circuitcreatedbyabrasionofwireinsulationQuestions?Wireabradedagainsthousing,exposingconductorShortcircuittogroundcreatedwherewirecontactedhousing73Insummary,itiseasytoprepareapresentation

byfollowingbelowstylesBeginningTitleMappingMiddleMiddle1Middle2EndingConclusion74Presentationscanbeviewed

fromthreestylisticperspectivesStructureandSpeech剧情&剪辑VisualAids视觉效果DeliveryArchives,Cal-Tech表演&音效75Deliveryisthespeaker’sinteractionwiththeaudience

Cal-TechStagePresenceVoiceAIPMovementCal-TechYouhaveseveralchoicesforhowyoudeliver

yourspeechMemorizingtheSpeech

+allowseyecontact-difficultforlongspeeches-roomforprecisionerrors-noroomforimprovisingReadingFromaText+ensuresprecision-doesnotsoundnatural-noroomforimprovising-hinderseyecontactWingingIt+soundsnatural-