湖南省永州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末统一检测英语试题

湖南省永州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末统一检测英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、阅读理解Children'sbooksbringbackjoyfulmemories,providingkidswiththatmuch-neededentertainmentandeducationfromayoungage.Here,theexpertsatlanguagelearningappBabbelshareaselectionoftheirfavouritesfromaroundtheworld.Sweden:PippiLongstocking,byAstridLindgrenThistextisknownasamust-readforanyyoungSwede.Thestoryshowsasuperhumanlystrongnine-year-oldgirlonheradventureswithherfriendsandalsoprovidesastrongfemalepresenceinthestory,whichisoftenlackingintraditionalchildren'sliteratureandfairytales.Itisagreatbookforanychildrenlookingforanexcitingandcourageouscharacter.France:TheLittlePrince,byAntoinedeSaint-ExuperyAsaclassicinmanynations,TheLittlePrincerevolvesaroundayoungprincewhotravelsfromplanettoplanetthroughspace.Helearnslessonsaboutlove,lonelinessandfriendshipalongthejourney.Itmayhavebeenwrittenforchildren,butenoughreflectiononcomplexthemesmakesitagreatchoicefbrparentsandchildrentoreadtogether.Denmark:FairyTales,byHansChristianAndersenEvenifyouhaven'theardofHansChristianAndersen,youwillcertainlyhaveheardofhisfairytales.StorieslikeThePrincessandthePeaandTheLittleMermaidhavebecomeclassicsaroundtheworld.Thisbookalsoincludesother,moreobscurefairytalesforchildrentodiscoverandenjoy.Germany:Konstantin,byGerdaWagenerVlastaBarankovaThisbooktellsthatashycrocodilelearnstoplayaFrenchhorninsecretbutencouragedbythejungle'sotherinhabitants,finallycomesoutofhisshellandfindsfriendshipthroughhismusic.Thiswholesomeandheartwarmingstoryencouragestakingprideinwhatyoudoandhavingthecouragetoshareitwithothers.WhatisspecialaboutPippiLongstocking?A.Thepresenceofastrongfemale. B.Theobscurechildren'sfairytales.Afewhourshadpassedbeforegoodnewscamefromthehospital.D.Theheartwarmingencouragement.C.FairyTales.D.KonstantinD.Theheartwarmingencouragement.C.FairyTales.D.KonstantinB.Inabiography.D.Atlanguagelearningapp.Whichbookbestsuitsparent-childreading?A・PippiLongstocking.B.TheLittlePrince.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Tnatextbook.C.Atabookstore.YuanLongping,knownasthe"fatherofhybridrice（杂交水稻之父户,isoneofChina'smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfasafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhedevotedhislife.Yuanwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.AftergraduatingfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953,heworkedasaresearcher.Yuanrealizedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyields（产量）inthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Witnessingthedevelopmentofhybridrice,Yuanoncesaid"Isawmysuperhybridriceplantgrowingashighassorghum（高粱）.Thepanicle（headofrice）wasaslargeasabroom,andthegrainsasbigaspeanuts.Iwasveryhappytorestunderthemwithmyassistant.^^Today,itisestimated（估计）thatabout60percentofdomestic（国内的）riceconsumptioninChinaismadeupofcropsproducedfromYuan'shybridspeciesandhisspecieshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.WhydidYuanLongpingconsiderhimselfafarmer?A.Havingafigurelikefarmers. B.Researchingthelandconstantly.C.Leadingalifeinthecountryside. D.Graduatingfromanagriculturalcollege.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tackle”inparagraph2mean?A.Sharpen. B.Unearth. C.Getridof. D.Giveriseto.Whatisthemainadvantageofhybridrice?A.Itshigheryield. B.Itscreationprocess.C.Itspoorharvests. D.Itsvarietiesofspecies.WhatisYuan'sattitudetothedevelopmentofthehybridrice?A.Satisfied. B.Unbearable.C.Unspeakable.D.Cautious.Oneoftheworld'smostsignificantecologicalandenvironmentalproblemsisdesertification.Desertificationisatypeoflanddegradationinwhicharelativelydrylandregionbecomesincreasinglyarid（干旱的），typicallylosingitsbodiesofwateraswellasvegetationandwildlife.Ifshappeningallovertheworldandit'shappeningveryquickly.Thereareseveralcausesofdesertification.Theimmediatecauseistheremovalofmostvegetation.Thisisdrivenbyanumberoffactors,suchasdrought,tillage（耕种）foragriculture,overgrazing（过度放牧）anddeforestationforfuelorconstructionmaterials.Somefarmersfarmtheirlandtoomuch,withoutgivingthesoilachancetorecover.Othersallowtheiranimalstoeatuplargeareasofgrassfartooquickly-ataratethatmakesitimpossibleforthegrasstogrowback.Cuttingdowntreesisanothermajorcauseofdesertification.Treeshelpprotectthesoil.Withouttrees,thesoileasilyblowsawayinthewindorwashesawayinfloods.Besides,wildlifeplaysanimportantroleinthepreservationofvegetationandsoil.Soremovalofanimalsisalsooneofthemaindriversofincreasingdesertification.Moreover,somepartsoftheEartharehottertodaythantheyusedtobe.Thischangeinclimatehasdriedoutalotofland.Theconsequencesofdesertificationcanbedisastrous.Soweneedtotakestepstopreventdesertification.Weshouldpayattentiontohowmuchenergyweuseinourdailylives.Thatway,wecanreducetheamountofcarbondioxidereleased.Wecanwalkorcycleshortdistances,anduselesswater.Wecanalsoprotectourforestsbyreusingpaperandnotusingdisposablechopsticks.What'smore,weshouldtrytomakepeoplearoundusawareoftheproblemandencouragethemtochangetheirdailyhabitsinthesameway.Aslongaswecreateaharmoniousenvironment,lifeonthisplanetwillliveinpeaceandabundance,andstopthepaceofdesertificationtogether.Whatcanwelearnaboutdesertificationfromparagraph1?Itishappeningslowlythroughouttheworld.Itisanecologicalandenvironmentalsolution.Itistheprocessduringwhichfarmlandturnsintodesert.Itistheprocessduringwhicharelativelydrylandbecomesrich.Whydoesdesertificationoccur?Wildlifedoesharmtothevegetationandsoil.B,Thechangeinclimatecontributestodriedland.Animalseatthegrassataslowerratethangrassgrows.Treesareblownawayinthewindorwashedawayinfloods.Whatstepscanwetaketopreventdesertification?A.Changingourgooddailyhabits.B,Raisingpeople'senvironmentalawareness.C.Usingmorepaperandlessdisposablechopsticks.D.Usingmoreenergyandreleasinglesscarbondioxide.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?Desertification-themajorcauseofclimatechange.Desertification—everyone'sresponsibilityfbritstreatment.Desertification-thedisastrousconsequencesofdeforestation.Desertification—themostsignificantecologicalandenvironmentalproblem.Asmanyas3.9percentofpeoplehaveaphantasia（心盲症），theinabilitytopictureimagesintheirheads.Butformallydiagnosing（诊断）theconditionisdifficult.Asimplephysiologicaltestinvolvingawebcamcouldonedayofferasolution.RebeccaKeoghatMacquarieUniversityinAustraliaandhercolleagueshavestudiedtheeffectivenessofatesttheyhavedevelopedforaphantasiabyrecruiting56peoplewithouttheconditionand18peoplewhosaidtheyhaveit.Thetestisbasedonchangestopupil（瞳孑L）size.Lookingatabrightobjectcausesaperson'spupilstoconstrictwhiledimobjectscausethepupilstodilate（扩大）.Theresearchersguessedthatasimilareffectcouldbeobservedifpeopleweretoldtoimagineabrightordarkobject.Intheirtests,theresearcherstrackedeachperson'spupilsizeusinganinfrared（红夕卜的）camera.Theyshowedaparticipantabrightimageofanobjectonascreenfor5seconds,and

toldhim/hertomemorizeit.Aftertheimagedisappeared,theparticipant'spupilsreturnedtotheiroriginalsize.He/Shewasaskedtoimaginetheobjectinhis/herhead.Thistaskwasrepeateduntilhe/shehadlookedat16brightimagesand16darkimages.Thepupilsofallparticipantschangedinresponsetoseeingbrightanddarkimagesonthescreen.About90percentofthosewithoutaphantasiaalsoshowedpupilsizechangeswhentoldtoimaginethoseimages.However,thesamewastrueofjust39percentofpeoplewhosaidtheyhadaphantasia.ThomasAndrillonattheParisBrainInstitutesuggeststhetestcouldonedaybeusedtocheckifsomeonehasaphantasia.ButKeoghsaystheteststillneedstoberefinedbeforeitcanbeusedwidely.“Wecannotrunthisstudywithoutaccesstoinfraredglassesthatcanmeasurepupilsize,“shesays.Thisisbecausethepupilsizechangesseeninthosewithoutaphantasiaarestillverysmall-achangeindiameter（直径）ofabout0.2to0.4millimetres.Theteamwantstogathermoredatawithlargersamplesizesandhopestodevelopatestthatcanbedoneathomeviaalaptopwebcam.Whatcanwedotodiagnoseaphantasia?A.Changingthepupilsize.C.Trackingasimilareffectviaalaptop,webcam.A.Changingthepupilsize.C.Trackingasimilareffectviaalaptop,webcam.Howwasthetestcarriedout?Byanalyzingdata.C.Bymakingcomparisons.Imaginingimagesinthehead.D.DoingaphysiologicaltestwithaB.Byclassifyingfacts.D.Bygivingdetailedexamples..Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?Theinfraredcamerainterruptsparticipants9behaviors.Imagesonthescreenchangedinresponsetopupilmovements.Allparticipants,pupilschangeaccordingtoimaginedimages.Aninfraredcameracandetectaphantasiabytrackingpupilchanges..Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Diagnosingaphantasiastillhasalongwaytogo.B,Accesstoinfraredglassesisnotanecessityinthetest.Alaptopwebcamcanbewidelyusedtocureaphantasia.Datawithsamplesizesarequiteenoughtoconfirmtheresult.二、七选五Beforeyougoonyournexttwowheeledadventure,makesureyou'refamiliarwiththeinsandoutsofbicyclesafety.16 ,—onepoweredbyanelectricmotorinadditiontoyourpedaling（踏板）.Manyofthesafetyrecommendationsarethesameforbothtypesofbikes.Wearahelmet.Ridewiththeflowoftrafficratherthanagainstit.Makesureyou'revisibletomotorists（somee-bikesnowcomewithlights）.17 ,（left:extendyourleftarmouttotheside;right:extendyourrightarmorbendyourleftarmupatarightangle）.Don'ttalkonthephone,text,orlistentomusic.Andifyou'reane-bikerider,heedthesetipstoo:Checkyourbike'scondition.Thatstartswithcheckingthatthetiresareinflated（充气了的）andthebrakesareworkingproperly.18 ,takeitforatune-up（调整）beforeyoutakeitforaride.Forane-bike,alsomakesureyourbatteryischarged.Andbeforeandaftereveryride,inspectyourbicyclefordamage.19 .Thisisimportantfore-bikeriders.Withtheabilitytogofastercomestheresponsibilitytoknowwhenyoushouldslowdown.Knowtherulesoftheroad.Whenyou'reridinginthestreet,eveninaprotectedbikelane,readthesignals,payattentiontothelanemarkings,andcheckthesignagetoseewheree-bikesareallowed.20 .BeawareofyourspeedKeepupthehighspeedofe-bikeKnowhowtouseyourarmtosignalturnsIfthebicyclehasn'tbeenusedforawhileWhenyoufinishtheworkofcheckingyourbikeThisholdstruewhetheryou'reridingatraditionalbikeorane-bikeSignsmayspecifywhichtypesofbikesareallowedonwhichroadsandpaths三、完形填空Inoticedadadandhissonatthepark.Hissonwasn'tableto21 ,butheseemedcontentsittinginthesand.Thedad22tomethathavingbeeninspeechtherapy（言语治疗）foryears,hissoncouldonlymakesomesoundsandwasableto23eyecontactforafewseconds.Hetoldmehowdelightedhewastowitnessthe24andwhatapleasureitwastoseealloftheyearsofhardwork25 , Thefatherandson26andthosefewsecondsofeyecontactmeanttheworldtothatdad!Thedadalsosharedwithmethathis27forhisboywastosomedaybeabletogoforicecreamtogether.Suddenlytheson28puttinghisfingersinthesand,lookedathisfatherandsaid"hi".Secondslater,theboywentbackintohisown29 ,Thedadwantedtosaysomething,butthe30wouldnotcome.Yetwhatdidcomeweretears,whichconveyedhow31hewasofhisson.wantedtosaysomething,butthe30wouldnotcome.Yetwhatdidcomeweretears,whichconveyedhow31hewasofhisson.Althoughtheywerestrangerstome,thisevent32medeeplyandmademeconsidermy33withmyownfather.Ihopethatastheycommunicatefurther,moreandmorememorieswillbe34forthemtoshare.Iamconvincedthefeelingsheldbyall35fathers-theirhardwork,theirlove,theirprideandtheirtearsoflove一areallthesame.21.A.understandA.apologizedA.maintainA.requirementA.putoffA.extendedA.goalA.beganA.apartmentA.fortunesA.proudA.defeatedA.partnershipA.honoredA.amazingB.communicateB.promisedB.awakenB.entertainmentB.breakoffB,marchedB.concernstoppedfamilyB.effortsB,ashamedB.promotedB,relationshipB,rescuedB.eye-catchingC,breatheC.explainedC・trackC.appointmentC,payoffC.reflectedC.decisionC,regrettedC.journeyC-wordsC.tiredC.touchedC.membershipimaginedC.wide-rangingsurviveD.suggestedD.removeD.achievementD.setoffD.connectedD.solutionD.continuedD.worldD.choicesD.doubtfulD.frightenedD.friendshipD.createdD.annoying四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyfestivalhasitsdifferentcustomsanduniquecharms.36 ,nomatterhowdifferenttheymayseem,allovertheworld,thespiritofsharingjoy,gratitude,loveorpeaceis37(absolute)commoninallfestivals.Ofallthetraditionalfestivals,theharvestfestivalcan38(find)inalmosteveryculture.Thisimportantagriculturalfestivaltakesplaceafterallthecropshavebeengatheredin.Peoplecelebrateindifferentways39(show)thattheyaregratefulfbrtheyear'ssupplyoffood.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmirethe40(shine)moonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.Customsplay41significantroleinfestivals,butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.Withthedevelopmentofmodernsocietyandthespreadofnewideas,some 42(tradition)mayfadeawayandothersmaybeestablished.OneexampleisHalloween, 43slowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.Festivalsarebecomingmoreandmore44(commerce),withbusinessestakingadvantageofthecelebrations.Sofar,onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaapps45(make)itmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.五、其他应用文46.在今年的心理健康日，你校举办了以“缓解压力”为主题的系列活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：.活动目的；.活动内容；.活动反响。注意：.写作词数应为80左右；.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：心理健康日MentalHealthDayLessStress,MoreHappiness六、读后续写47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成