新教材高中外研版英语选择性必修4学案Unit5SectionⅠStartingoutUnderstandingideas

SectionⅠStartingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.核心词汇1．________v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心2．________n.金字塔3．________n.运河4．________n.衰败5．________n.残垣断壁，废墟6．________v.离弃，逃离Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．________n．文明(社会)→________v．开化，使文明2．________v．将……埋在下面→________n．葬礼3．________n．天文学→________n．天文学家4．________adj.来自热带的；产于热带的→________n．热带地区5．________v．拒绝考虑，否定→________n．免职，解除，不予考虑6．________n．扩大；增加→________v．扩展，扩大Ⅲ.重点短语1．________________通过对比2．________________相当于，与……相符3．________________以……为基础4．________________把……应用到……上5．________________最重要的是6．________________处于顶峰，达到顶峰7．________________被……重新夺回/占领8．________________衰落，败落9．________________被……包围10．________________扮演了……的角色Ⅳ.重点句型1．事实上玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘。Thefact________________Mayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitivemakesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.2．它曾经辉煌的城市都毁于一旦，留下了各种各样的谜团，待后人去解开。Itsonce­greatcitiesfellintoruin,________________variousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.根据课文内容选择正确答案1．WilliamGadourythoughthehadfoundthesurprisingdiscoverybystudying________.A．ancientstarchartsB．thepositionsofthestarsC．thelocationsoftheMayacitiesD．amapofthejungle2．WhyhasnooneyetbeenabletofullyexplaintheMayawritingsystem?A．Itwastoomysterious.B．Itwastooplicated.C．Itwastooprecise.D．Itwastooimpractical.3．Whathappenedintheearlysixteenthcentury?A．TheMayalivedaprimitivelife.B．TheMayalivedinthejungle.C．EuropeansarrivedinCentralAmerica.D．TheMayacivilisationreacheditspeak.4．WhatmadetheMayapeoplereducetheirabilitytodealwithnaturaldisasters?A．Notfollowingthelawsofnaturetochangethelandscape.B．ThegrowthoftheMayapopulation.C．Adeadlydiseasethatoccurredamongpeople.D．Conflictsbetweenforeignnationalitiesandlocalpeople.5．WhatdoscientiststhinkwasthemainreasontheMayacivilisationbegantocollapse?A．Thespeedofdevelopmentwastoofast.B．Cuttingdowntrees.C．Thedrought.D．Tropicalcyclones.►第一版块|重点词汇诠释1.correspondvi.符合，一致；相应；通信(1)correspondto相当于，与……相符(2)correspondwith与……通信；与……相符❶NowIhavealistofalbumsthatcorrespondtowhattheuserthinkshewants.我现在拥有了用户认为他想要的对应的唱片列表。❷Thetranslationdoesnotquitecorrespondtotheoriginal.译文不切原意。❸I'vebeencorrespondingwithseveralexpertsinthefield.我一直在与该领域的几位专家保持通信往来。❹Hisactionsdonotcorrespondwithhiswords.他言行不一致。特别提示：correspondwith/to...与……相符[即学即练]单句语法填空①Youraccountofeventsdoesnotcorrespond________hers.②I'vebeencorresponding________severalfinancialexperts.2.buryv．将……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏bury...in...把……埋到……里buryone'sface/headinsth.把脸/头埋在某物里面beburiedin/buryoneselfin埋头于……，专心于……❶Heburiedhisfaceinhishandsandwept.他双手掩面而泣。❷Maryissittingonaparkbench,buringherselfinherbook.＝Maryissittingonaparkbench,buriedinherbook.玛丽坐在公园的长椅上，专心致志地看书。❸Youwillhavetoburyyourselfinyourstudiesifyouwanttopasstheexam.如果想通过考试，你就得专心致志地学习。归纳拓展：“专心于”的其他表达：beabsorbedinbelostinbedevotedtodevoteoneselftoconcentrateonfocuson[即学即练]单句语法填空①________(bury)inhisstudy,thescientistknewnothingaboutthematter.②Themandugoutsomegoldfromthecanal,buthewonderedwhere________(bury)it.③________(bury)undertheruins,theyoungmanwasratherfrightened.④She________(bury)inthebook;shedidnotnoticewhathadhappened.3.dismissv．拒绝考虑，否定；解雇，开除dismiss...as...因认为……而不予考虑dismiss...fromone'smind从头脑中摒除……；不再考虑……dismisssb.fromsth.解除某人……职务dismisssb.forsth.因某事解雇某人❶Whilewehavenotdismissedtheidea,wearelookingintootherpossibilitiesaswell.虽然我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。❷Hedismissedtheopinionpollsasworthless.他认为民意测验毫无用处而不予考虑。❸Idismissedhimfrommymind.我不再去想他了。❹Hehasbeendismissedfromhispostforinpetence.他因无法胜任职位而被解雇。特别提示：在日常英式英语中，说“开除”人们一般用sack，在日常美式英语中一般用fire，而不用dismiss。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theprofessor________(dismiss)asadreamer.②Shetriedtodismisstheidea________hermind.③He________(dismiss)therumorthathecheatedintheexam.④Sheclaimedshewasunfairlydismissed________herpost.4.applyv．申请；应用apply...to...(to是介词)把……应用到……上；把……粘在/涂抹到……applyoneselfto(doing)．..致力于……；专心于……applyto...适用于……apply(tosb.)forsth.(向某人)申请某物applicantn.申请者applicationn.应用；用途；申请❶Thenewtechnologywasappliedtothefarmingindustry.这项新技术被应用于农业。❷LaterIdecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite.后来，我决定把以前的经验应用到学习怎样读和写上。❸Overthenextmonths,heappliedhimselftoimprovingthetechnique.在接下来的几个月里，他一门心思改进技术。❹Theruleappliestoeveryone.这条规则适用于每个人。❺Hehasappliedtothepanyforajob.他已向那家公司申请一份工作。语境助记：Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadencewithwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.这款智能键盘精确地测量了一个人打字的节奏和手指按压每个键的力度。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hehadapplied________severaluniversitiesandgotanofferyesterday.②Theoldruleshavetoberevisedbecausetheyonlyapplied________thecircumstancesthatexistedwhentheyweremadeahundredyearsago.③Recentlyhehasbeenapplyinghimselfto________(assist)hisprofessorinthedevelopmentofnewequipment.5.ontopof在……之上；除……之外ontopofall最重要的是ontopofthat除此之外；除那以外；并且ontopoftheworld欢天喜地；心满意足；非常自豪❶Hegetsmissionontopofhissalary.他除了薪金之外还拿佣金。❷Ontopofthat,severalotherbenefitsarebeingoffered.除此以外，还有其他一些好处。❸Thereshouldbeanenvelopeontopofthefridge.冰箱上面应该有一个信封。语境助记：Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients...除此之外，现在大多数3D食品打印机仅限于干燥的原料……[即学即练]完成句子①Theystood________________________(小山之巅),drinkinginthebeautyofthegardencity.②Wemissedourflight,and__________________________(除……之外)thatwehadtowaitsevenhoursforthenextone.6.abandonv．离弃，逃离n．放任；放纵(1)abandononeselfto...沉湎于(2)abandonedadj.废弃的，被丢弃的；被抛弃的，被遗弃的anabandonedhouse废弃的房子anabandonedchild弃儿❶Thecrewpreparedtoabandontheshipinanorderlyfashion.全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。❷Thebabywasabandonedbyitsmother.这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。❸Asastudent,youshouldn'tabandonyourselftoInternetgames.作为学生你不应该沉迷于网络游戏。语境助记：Theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.因为经济方面的原因，这些计划被终止了。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Weweresinkingfast,andthecaptaingavetheorder________(abandon)ship.②Maryhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,but________(abandon)thatplanaftertheunpleasantexperience.③Attheentrancetothehospital,Iwassurprisedtoseeababygirl________(abandon)byherparents.7.ruinn．[C]残垣断壁，废墟(常用复数)；[U]毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产fallintoruin/gotoruin(因无人照料而)衰落，败落be/lieinruins成为废墟，破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉leavesth.inruins使……成为废墟❶ThedryclimateofEgypthashelpedtopreservethepyramids,andtheirveryshapehasmadethemlesslikelytofallintoruin.埃及干燥的气候帮助保存了金字塔，而它们的形状也使它们不太可能倒塌。❷Theeconomywasinruinsafterthewar.战后经济完全陷于崩溃之中。❸Yearsoffightinghavelefttheareainruins.多年的战事已经使这个地区满目疮痍。❹Thewholetownwasruinedbytheheavystormlastnight.昨晚的暴风雨毁坏了整个城镇。语境助记：WhentheyreturnedtoRocka­waythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.第二天，当他们回到洛克威时，他们发现他们的街区已经成了一片废墟。[即学即练]完成句子①Carlcaresaboutnothingandhaslettheoldhouse________________________(败落下去)．②Withtimegoingon,thecastlewhichoncewasverybeautifulisnowpletely________________________(一片废墟)．►第二版块|重点句型解构1.(教材P50)ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitivemakesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.事实上玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘。[句式分析]本句是主从复合句，其中that引导同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that在同位语从句中不作成分，无词义，不能省略；makesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。(1)同位语从句通常跟在answer,hope,fact,truth,belief,news,idea,promise,doubt,information,conclusion,order,suggestion,thought,report,decision,opinion,theory,resolution,fear,demand,wish等抽象名词后面，对其内容进行解释说明。❶Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。❷HereferredtoCopernicus'statementthattheearthmovesroundthesun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。(2)在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,order,proposal,resolution,advice等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。❸Theyexpressedthewishthatshe(should)accepttheaward.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。名师点津：that引导的同位语从句和that引导的定语从句的区别：定语从句是形容词性从句，对先行词进行修饰、限定，关系代词that在从句中作主语或宾语；同位语从句是名词性从句，对名词进行解释、补充说明，连接词that只起连接主句与从句的作用，在句中不充当任何成分。[即学即练]单句语法填空①I'veetotheconclusion________itwasunwisetodothat.②Theywerefacedwiththedemand________thistaxbeabolished.③Thenews________hetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.④Thesuggestionthatthenewrule________________(adopt)efromthechairman.2.(教材P51)Itsonce­greatcitiesfellintoruin,leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.它曾经辉煌的城市都毁于一旦，留下了各种各样的谜团，待后人去解开。[句式分析]本句中leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。现在分词短语作结果状语的注意事项：(1)这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面的整个句子。因而，在前一种情况下现在分词短语相当于由and连接的并列谓语；在后一种情况下现在分词短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句。❶Attheageofthreehismotherdied,leavinghimanorphan.＝...andlefthimanorphan.他三岁时母亲去世，使他成了孤儿。(2)句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系。❷WinterinIndiasetsinNovemberandcontinuesuntilFebruary,permittingthecultivationofwheat.印度的冬季从11月开始延续至下年的2月，所以可以种小麦。(3)表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后面，其前常用一个逗号隔开，现在分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby(因而，因此)等。❸Carbonburnsinoxygenorair,therebyformingcarbondioxide.碳在氧或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。名师点津：现在分词短语和不定式短语作结果状语的区别：现在分词短语作结果状语表示一种合乎情理的，顺其自然的结果；而不定式短语作结果状语，通常表示事先未曾预料到的情况或结果，有时不定式前用only，以加强“意想不到”的语气。Irushedtothestationinahurry,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.我匆忙赶到火车站，不料火车已经开走了。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Maryfailedallherexams,________(make)herparentsveryangry.②Europeanfootballisplayedinmorethan80countries,________(make)itoneofthemostpopulargamesintheworld.③Thechildslippedandfell,________(hit)hisheadagainstthedoor.④Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,________(leave)herwiththreechildrentolookafter.⑤Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus________(cause)thedelay.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．MrSmith,asinologist,isveryinterestedinChinese________(文明),sohewenttoChinainthe1950s.2．Thenoveltyofthesituation________(激起……的兴趣)thechairwomanofthepany.3．Theminerswere________(将……埋在下面)alivewhenthetunnelcollapsed.4．Thestonescouldbebroughtnearertothe________(金字塔)buildingsitebyboat.5．A________(神秘的)illnessarisingfromamosquitoisaffectingthelocalpeople.6．Largetrees,alongwithundergrowth,hadrootedinthe________(运河)bank.7．Hemadeuphismindtospecializein________(来自热带的)medicine.8．Thecrisisledtothe________(衰败)oftheenormouskingdom.9．Onedeadchildwasfoundinthe________(残垣断壁，废墟)almosttwohoursaftertheexplosion.10．Hegavetherationalorderto________(离弃)theshipbecauseitwassinking.11．AfuriousMrKing________(拒绝考虑)thissuggestionoutofhand.12．Despitetherecession,themanufacturerisconfidentoffurther________(扩张)．Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarbon________thedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.2．Thisnewnessjustleftme________(want)more.3．Buttheproblemshouldnot________(dismiss)outofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.4．Inordertopasstheclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplantoapplywhatwewouldlearninclass________ourfutureprofessionsand,eventually,toourlives.5．________topofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.6．Wangcollectedmorethan7million________(abandon)bricksofdifferentages.7．DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftourists________(ruin)theatmosphereofpeace?8．Theyoungmanabandonedhimself________despair.9．Thisuniversityisundergoing________(expand)toreachadmissionofmorestudents.10．Fifteenmilliontreeshadbeenblowndownbythewildwinds,________(block)roads,pathsandrailwaylines.Ⅲ.课文语法填空ThesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationarepowerfulamongpeople.Mayacivilisation1.________(surround)bymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.TheMayabuilt2.________(impress)palacesandtemples,includingtheirrepresentativesteppyramids.ButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMaya3.________(abandon)mostoftheirgreatcities.SomeresearchseemstoindicatethattheMayapeoplethemselvesmayhaveplayed4.________partintheirdownfall.Owingtothe5.________(change)landscape,itispossiblethattheMayapeopleunknowinglyreducedtheir6.________(able)todealwithnaturaldisasters.Researchalsosuggeststhattho