新编英语教程5册Unit-1的答案

Comprehension

I.Judgewhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthearticle.

A.

Tobeabletousetherightwordisanimportantcomponentofone’smasteryoftheEnglishlanguage.

B.

Tofacilitateone’sownprocessofcognitionandone’scommunicationwithothers,onemustbeabletochoosetherightwordfromtheextensivevocabularyoftheEnglishlanguage.

C.

Itismoreimportanttoknowexactlythemeaninganduseofarelativelysmallnumberofwordsthantoknowvaguelyalargernumber.

II.Determinewhichisthebestchoiceforeachofthefollowingquestions.

1.“CleanEnglish”inthefirstparagraphmeans

.

A.Englishofadignifiedstyle

B.Englishfreefromswearwords

C.Englishwhichispreciseandclear

2.Theword“realization”inthesentence“Choosingwordsispartoftheprocessofrealization…”means

.

A.

articulatingsounds

B.

fulfillingone’sgoals

C.

becomingawareofwhatonethinksandfeels

3.Theexamplegiveninpara.3ofamansearchingfortherightwordforhisfeelingsabouthisfriendillustratesthefunctionwordsperformin

.

A.

definingoutthoughtsandfeelingsforourselves

B.

definingourthoughtsandfeelingsforthosewhohearus

C.

bothAandB

4.Theword“cleanly”inthelastsentencemeans

.

A.

squarely

B.

clearly

C.

neatly

5.Theexamplesoftheuntranslatabilityofsomewordsgiveninpara.11bestillustratewhichsentenceoftheparagraph?

A.

Thefirstsentence.

B.

Thesecondsentence.

C.

Thethirdsentence.

III.Answerthefollowingquestions.

1.Whichsentenceinthefirstparagraphestablishesthelinkbetweenthedrivingofanailandthechoiceofaword?

2.Whatdoestheword“this”insentence1,para.2,referto?

3.Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay”?

meadowandbrooks

throughit.

13.Maryusedto

aboutthehillsandpickwildflowersforhermother.

14.Eagertoseetheponyinthestable,thechildren

downthestaircase,theirheartspoundingviolently.

15.Thelionhad

thejungleforalongtimebeforeitcaughtsightofahare.

16.Mybrotherbeganto

whenhewastenmonthsold.

17.Thefarmersoftenlettheirhorses

freelyinthemeadowsothattheycouldeattheirfillofgrass.

18.Thepatrolswere

alongthroughtheundergrowthwhenthebombexploded.

19.Thethugswerereportedtobe

thestreetsforwomenworkerswhowereontheirwayhomeaftertheafternoonshift.

20.Thefirst-yearstudentsnotonlylearnedhowto

,theywerealsotaughthowtotakeaimandshootwhentheyhadmilitarytraining.

21.SometimesTom,ourreporter,would

upanddownthestudy,deepinthought.

22.Whenhewas

ThirdStreet,Fredfoundthelittlematchgirllyingdeadatthestreetcorner.

23.Secretarieshatedseeingtheirnewmanager

inandoutoftheofficewithoutevencastingaglanceatthem.

24.Motheraskedusto

lightlysoasnottowakeGranny.

25.Therefugees

formilesandmilesalldayhuntingforaplacetowork.

26.Whenthepopsinger

outofthecar,hisfansrantohim,eagertogethisautograph.

27.Thelaborers

ontheirwayhomeafterworkingintheplantationthewholeday.

28.Thelionwasfeelingprettygoodashe(A)

throughthejungle.Seeingatiger,thelionstoppedit.

“WhoistheKingofthejungle?”theliondemanded.

“You,Olion,aretheKingofthejungle,”repliedthetiger.

Satisfied,thelion(B)

on,untilhecameacrossalarge,ferocious-lookingleopard.

“WhoistheKingofthejungle?”askedthelion,andtheleopardbowedinawe.“You,mightylion,youaretheKingofthejungle,”itsaidhumblyand(C)

off.

Feelingontopoftheworld,thelionproudly(D)

uptoahugeelephantandaskedthesamequestion.“WhoistheKingofthejungle?”

Withoutanswering,theelephantpickedupthelion,swirledhimroundintheair,smashedhimtothegroundandjumpedonhim.

“Look,”saidthelion,“there’snoneedtogetmadjustbecauseyoudidn’tknowtheanswer.”

II.Makealistofmorespecificwordsforeachofthefollowinggeneralterms.Forexample,forWALK,youcouldliststride,stroll,saunter,plod,toddleandsoon.Givesentencestoillustratehowthewordsmaybeused.

1.SAY2.SEE3.BEVERAGE4.EXCITEMENT5.DELIGHT6.SKILFUL

III.Inthefollowingsentencesthreealternativesaregiveninparenthesesfortheitalicizedwords.Selecttheonewhichyouthinkismostsuitableinthecontext.

1.Aclumsy(heavy,stupid,unskillful)workmanislikelytofindfaultwithhistools.

2.AsJohnwasadeft(skillful,clever,ready)mechanic,hewashiredbythejoint-ventureinnotime.

3.Thewritermadeapointofavoidingusingloose(vague,unbound,disengaged)terminologyinhissciencefiction.

4.Wedidn’tappreciatehissubtle(delicate,tricky,profound)schemetomakemoneyattheexpenseofthecustomers.

5.AnnieOakleybecamefamousasoneoftheworld’smostprecise(accurate,scrupulous,rigid)sharpshooters.

6.Thegovernmentinthatnewly-independentcountryhasdecidedtomakeashift(alteration,turn,transference)initsforeignpolicies.

7.Misunderstandingaroseonaccountofthevague(undetermined,confused,ambiguous)instructionsonthepartofthemanager.

8.Ifsoldiersdonotpayscrupulous(exact,vigilant,conscientious)attentiontoorderstheywillnotdefeattheenemy.

9.Insomeareas,thevirginforesthasbeencutthroughignorance(blindness,wantofknowledge,darkness)ofthevalueoftrees.

10.Sincemanypuremetalshavesuchdisadvantages(harm,unfavourableness,drawbacks)asbeingtoosoftandbeingliabletorusttooeasily,theyhavelittleuse.

11.Mycolleague,Mr.Hill,hasasmallbutwell-chosenlibrary,whereitissaidhespendsmostofhissparetimecultivating(nourishing,tilling,developing)hismind.

12.Ifyouthinkphotographyismyhobby,yourbeliefisquitemistaken(fraudulent,erroneous,deceitful).

13.Whatappearstothelaymenasunimportant(minute,trivial,diminutive)andunrelatedfactsisoftenprecioustothearchaeologist.

14.Theloungehasaseatingcapacityof30peoplebutitistoodark(dim,dingy,gloomy)toreadthere.

15.Thesecareer-orientedwomenareusedtoflexible(adaptable,willowy,docile)workinghoursintheoffice.

16.Onlyexpertswithaprofessionaleyecantellthefine(fair,pleasant,subtle)distinctionbetweenthetwogems.

17.Thegoosequillpenhasagreatsentimental(tender,emotional,soft)appealtoEmilyasitwasagiftfromherbestfriend.

18.Beingthoughtfulofandenthusiastictowardsothersistheessence(gist,kernel,quintessence)ofpoliteness.

19.WhenIraqdestroyedsomeofitsnuclearandchemicalweapons,itactedundercoercion(repression,concession,compulsion).

20.Myuncle’soft-repeatedanecdotesofhisadventuresinAfricawerefascinating(catching,pleasing,absorbing)tolistento.

IV.Giveonegenerictermthatcoverseachofthefollowinggroupsofwords.

1.artificer,turner,joiner,carpenter,weaver,binder,potter,paper-cutter

2.volume,brochure,pamphlet,treatise,handbook,manual,textbook,booklet

3.painter,sculptor,carver,poet,novelist,musician,sketcher

4.grin,smirk,beam,simper

5.donation,subscription,alms,grant,endowment

6.bandit,poacher,swindler,fraud,embezzler,imposter,smuggler

7.nibble,munch,devour,gulp

8.drowse,doze,slumber,hibernate,coma,rest,nap

9.manufacture,construct,weave,compose,compile

10.ancient,antique,old-fashioned,obsolete,archaic

11.slap,tap,pat,thump,whack

12.alight,descend,dismount,disembark

V.Fillineachblankwithanappropriateword.

Indiscussingtherelativedifficultiesofanalysiswhichtheexactandinexactsciencesface,letmebeginwithananalogy.Wouldyouagreethatswimmersare(1)

skilfulathletesthanrunners(2)

swimmersdonotmoveasfastasrunners?Youprobablywould(3)

.Youwouldquicklypointout(4)

wateroffersgreater(5)

toswimmersthantheairandgrounddoto(6)

Agreed,thatisjustthepoint.Inseekingto(7)

theirproblems,thesocialscientistsencounter(8)

resistancethanthephysicalscientists.By(9)

Idonotmeantobelittlethegreataccomplishmentsofphysicalscientistswhohavebeenable,forexample,todeterminethestructureoftheatom(10)

seeingit.Thatisatremendous(11)

yet(12)

manywaysitisnotsodifficultaswhatthesocialscientistsareexpectedto(13)

.Theconditionsunderwhichthesocialscientistsmustworkwoulddrivea(14)

scientistfrantic.Herearefiveof(15)

conditions.Hecanperform(16)

experiments;hecannotmeasuretheresultsaccurately;he(17)

controltheconditionssurrounding(18)

experiments;heisoftheexpectedtogetquickresults(19)

slow-actingeconomicforces;andhemustworkwithpeople,(20)

withinanimateobjects…

VI.FollowingWarner’smodelofestablishingananalogybetweentwodissimilarthings,writeapassage,discussingthelearningofaforeignlanguage.Youaresupposedtouseananalogytohelpyouexplain.Forinstance,youmaycomparethelearningofaforeignlanguagetothatofswimming,bike-riding,etc.

UNIT1TEXT1

ExercisesKeys

Comprehension:

I.B;

II.1.C

2.C

3.C

4.A

5.C

;

III.1.“Sowithlanguage;…firmlyandexactly.”

2.Gettingthewordthatiscompletelyrightforthewriter’spurpose.

3.Yes,Ido.Itsoundsirrationalthatapersondoesnotknowwhathehimselfthinksbeforeheseeswhathesays.Butasamatteroffact,itisquitetruethatunlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughtswecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare;withoutwords,ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner.

4.“Malapropism”meanstheunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusingitwithonethatresemblesit,suchashumanforhumane,singularityforsingleness.Butthemisuseof“imprison”isadifferentcase.Itiswronglychosenbecausetheuserhasfailedtorecognizeitsconnotation.

5.human=of,characterizing,orrelatingtoman

humane=characterizedbykindness,mercy,sympathy

Thus:humanaction=actiontakenbyman;humaneaction=mercifulaction;humankiller=personthatkillshumans;humanekiller=thatwhichkillsbutcauseslittlepain

6.sensitive,alert

7.Thosearewordsdenotingnotionswhichareexistentonlyinspecificculture,notuniversallysharedbyallcultures.EnglishwordsdifficulttobeturnedintoChinese:privacy,party,lobby(v.),etc.ChinesewordsdifficulttobeturnedintoEnglish:吹风会，粽子，五保户，etc.

8.“Wedon’thavetolookfarafieldtofindevidenceofbadcarpentry.”

“Itisperhapseasiertobeagoodcraftsmanwithwoodandnailsthanagoodcraftsmanwithwords.”

“Agoodcarpenterisnotdistinguishedbythenumberofhistools,butbythecraftsmanshipwithwhichheusesthem.Soagoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthe‘motjuste’,thewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.”

LanguageWork:

I.1.shuffled/trudged2.trudging3.stroll4.staggered5.staggered6.striding7.strolled8.strutted9.sauntered/strolled10.ramble/roam11.loitered12.meandering13.roam14.crept15.prowled16.toddle17.roam18.creeping19.prowling20.march21.pace22.patrolling23.stalking24.tread25.tramped26.stepped27.plodded28.A.prowled/struttedB.strolled/saunteredC.walked/creptD.marched/strutted

II.1.SAY:speak,tell,declare,pronounce,express,state,argue,affirm,mention,allege,recite,repeat,rehearse

2.SEE:behold,lookat,glimpse,glanceat,view,survey,contempla