英语单词变化规则大汇总

#英语单词的各种变化规则一、名词复数变化：（一）规则变化情况一般情况构成方法在词尾加-S例词desk—desksmap—maps读音-s在清辅音后发/s/day—daysgirl—girls-s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-esbus—busesbox—boxeswatch—watchesfish—fishes-es发/iz/音以辅音字母加-y结尾的词以元音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i再加-es在词尾加-sfamily—familiesfactory—factoriesparty—patriesday—daysboy—boyskey—keys-ies发/iz/音-s发/z/音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esknife—kniveslife—liveswife—wiveshalf—halves-ves发/vz/音以辅音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-espotato—potatoestomato—tomatoeshero—heroes-es发/z/音以元音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-sradio—radioszoo—zoos-s发/z/音注：以ce,se,ze,（d）ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/license-licenses巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数1）妻子骑牛拿起刀，wife,calf,knifet2）追得贼狼满街跑，thief,wolffff变f或fe为v,再加es3）碰倒架子丧己命，shelf,self,life!4）手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,halfI

（二）名词复数的不规则变化:child—children（儿童）man—men（男人）womanfwomen（女人）anEnglishman—twoEnglishmen（英国人）foot—feet（脚）tooth—teeth（牙）mouse—mice（老鼠）ox—oxen（公牛）goose—geese（鹅）单复同形deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,species,means除人民币，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。peoplepolicecattle是复数（Correctness：aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss）（Error：apeople,apolice,acattle）表示国民总称时，作复数用。（TheChineseareindustriousandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词1）maths,politics,physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。2）news是不可数名词。表示由两部分构成的东西，glasses（眼镜）trousers（长裤）clothes（衣服）若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）apairofglasses,twopairsoftrousers\suit（套）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods（货物）waters（水域）fishes（各种鱼）练习：写出下列各词的复数练习：写出下列各词的复数Ihimthis___watch_childphoto_day___footbook__tooth__sheepbox___thief__fishpeach_man_____woman_paper_water__milkrice___herdiarydressstrawberrysandwichjuicetea二、序数词变化规则（一）一般化规则：基数词+th—序数词（规则变化）four（四）一fourth（第四）

six（六）fsixth（第六）seven（七）一seventh（第七）ten（十）ftenth（第十）eleven（十一）eleventhf（第十一）（二）**不规则变化的one（一）ffirst（第一）twenty-onetwo（二）fsecond（第二）three（三）fthird（第三）five（五）ffifth（第五）eight（A）feighth（第八）fifty-eightnine（九）一ninth（第九）twelve（十二）ftwelfth（第十二）（三）从13—19的基数词，都在个位数后加teen构成14ffourteen15ffifteen16fsixteen17fseventeen18feighteen19fnineteen（四）整十的序数词，变y为ie再加th20twentyftwentieth第二十30thirtyfthirtieth第三十40fortyffortieth第十四50fiftyffiftieth第五十60sixtyfsixtieth第六十70seventyfseventieth第七十80eightfeightieth第八十90ninetyfninetieth第九十（五）分数的表达：分子用：基数词分母用：序数词特别要注意：当分子大于1时，分母要用：复数1/2onesecond;ahalf;1/4aquarter7/8seveneighths3/5threefifthsftwenty-firstfifty-eighth;3/4threequartersftwenty-firstfifty-eighth;3/4threequartersadecimalnumber小数afraction分数apercentage百分数aoddnumber奇数anevennumber偶数degrees度数1）力口:and;plus;addto2+4=6Twoandfouris/equalssix.或Twoplusfouris/equalssix.

或Twoaddedtofourequalssix.2）减：minus;subtractfrom8-3=5Eightminusthreeis/equalsfive.或Threesubtractedfromeightisfive.3）乘：multiply...by;multipliedby/times3x5=15Multiplythreebyfiveis/equalsfifteen.或Threemultipliedbyfiveis/equalsfifteen.4）除：divideby.../divide...by...24F8=3Twenty-fourdividedbyeightis/equalsthree.或Divide24by8is/equalsthree.三．形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则importantdifficultinterestingusefulbeautifulmoreimportantmoredifficultmoreinterestingmoreusefulimportantdifficultinterestingusefulbeautifulmoreimportantmoredifficultmoreinterestingmoreusefulmorebeautifulmostimportantmostdifficultmostinterestingmostusefulmostbeautiful1.一般在词尾加er/est；2.以字母e结尾，加r/st；3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/st原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnestwetwetterwettestredredderreddestsadsaddersaddest4•以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i,再加er/st5•多音节词.和部分双音节词，在单词前面加more或most6．不规则形容词比较级：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestredredderreddestfarfurther/fartherfurthest/farthest写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级oldshortfatoldshortfatnicehighlateyoungstrongthingoodslowearlytalllongbigsmallheavylightbeautifulfastlowfarwell．动词第三人称单数变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-S,女如cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es,女如guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如：study-studiesdrink__godrink__go_stay_look__havepass_come_watch_plant_studybrushdo写出下列动词的第三人称单数makecarryflyteach五．动词现在分词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking以不发音的e结尾，去e力口ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting以ie结尾的动词，把ie变为y再加ing。如：lie-lying平躺/说谎tie-tying系，捆（鞋带，领带）die-dying死如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing这类动词有：Beginbeginning开始cutcutting剪、切digdigging挖getgetting获得、得到、取hithitting击、打、撞letletting让putputting放runrunning跑setsetting设置、套shutshutting关闭、闭sitsitting坐babysitbabysitting临时受顾照看婴儿、照看小孩spitspitting吐痰、吐splitsplitting劈、分裂

skipskipping跳绳swimswimming游、游泳winwinning赢、获胜shopshopping购物、逛商店preferpreferring更喜欢….Stepstepping踩、踏Referreferring参考、查阅Dipdipping浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏Mopmopping用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）Nodnodding点头Fretfretting（使）烦恼（烦恼）、（使）烦躁，（使）发愁Kidnapkidnapping绑架Napnapping小睡、打盹Rotrotting腐蚀、腐烂Spotspotting玷污Hiccuphiccupping打嗝begbegging乞求、乞讨dripdripping（雨）滴落、滴下、滴dotdotting打点、打句号dropdropping坠落、落下fitfitting适合、合适hughugged拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有planplanning计划、打算patpatting轻拍（打）、抚拍ridridding（使）免除、（使）摆脱、去掉robrobbing抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺resetresetting重排（放、植）、重接（断骨）regretregretting遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉）stopstopping停止、停下、住手stirstirring搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布rubrubbing擦（上）、摩擦、擦到traveltravel（l）ing旅行、行进、步行、交往whipwhipping揩、擦（汗、水）Slipslipping滑倒、跌倒写出下列动词的现在分词：play__rungo__likeread__haveput__seelive_takestop___sitWrapwrapping包装打包、包、裹、缠（绕）、卷swimmakewrite_skisingdancebuylovecomegetbeginshop．动词过去式变化规则：1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted3•以“辅音字母+y"结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed，如:study-studied4.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,如begbegged乞求、乞讨dipdipped浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏dotdotted打点、打句号dripdripped（雨）滴落、滴下、滴dropdropped坠落、落下fitfitted适合、合适hiccuphiccupped打嗝hughugged拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有kidnapkidnapped绑架mopmopped用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）napnapped小睡、打盹nodnodded点头patpatted轻拍（打）、抚拍planplanned计划、打算preferpreferred更喜欢….referreferred参考、查阅regretregretted遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉）ridridded（使）免除、（使）摆脱、去掉robrobbed抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺rotrotted腐蚀、腐烂rubrubbed擦（上）、摩擦、擦到shopshopped购物、逛商店slipslipped滑倒、跌倒skipskipped跳绳spotspotted玷污stepstepped踩、踏stirstirred搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布stopstopped停止、停下、住手triptripped绊倒traveltravel（l）ed旅行、行进、步行、交往whipwhipped揩、擦（汗、水）wrapwrapped包装打包、包、裹、缠（绕）、卷5•不规则动词过去式：AAA动词原形过去式过去分词COSt[kost]COSt[kost]COSt[kost]花费CUt[kAt]CUt[kAt]CUt[kAt]害V,切hurt[h:t]hurt[h:t]hurt[h:t]受伤hit[hit]hit[hit]hit[hit]打，撞let[|et]let[|et]let[|et]让PUt[put]PUt[put]PUt[put]放下read[ri：d]read[ri：d]read[ri：d]读

set[set]set[set]set[set]安排，安置spread[spred]spread[spred]spread[spred]展开，传播，涂spit[spit]spit/spat[spit]spit/spat[spit]吐痰，shut[jshut[jshut[j关上，闭起，停止营业AAB动词原形过去式过去分词beat[bi：t]beat[bi：t]beaten[b：tn]打败ABA动词原形过去式过去分词become[bi'kAm]became[bi'keim]become[bi'kAm]变come[kAm]came[keim]come[kAm]来run伽]ran[隹n]run[mn]跑ABB(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burn【bo：n]burnt[bo：nt]burnt[bs：nt]燃烧deal[di：i]dealt[delt]dealt[delt]解决dream[dri：m]dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt[dremt]做梦hear[his]heard[hs：d]heard[hs：d]听见hang['h和]hanged/hung[h“]hanged/hung绞死，悬挂learn[i9：n]learned/learnt[©：nt]learned/learnt[©：nt]学习light['iait]lit/lighted[lit]lit/lighted[lit]点燃，照亮mean[mi：n]meant[ment]meant[ment]意思prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved['pru：von]证明，证实，试验shine【jain]shone/shinedshone/shined[“un,伽]使照耀，使发光show[jou]showedshowed/shown['“un]展示，给…看smell[smel]smelled/smelt[smelt]smelled/smelt[smelt]闻，嗅speed[spi：d]sped[sped]/speededsped/speeded[sped]加速spell[spel]spelled/spelt[spelt]spelled/spelt[spelt]拼写wake[weik]waked/woke[wsuk]waked/woken['woukon]醒来，叫醒，激发(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词build[bild]built[bilt]built[bilt]建筑lend[lend]lent[lent]lent[lent]借给rebuild[,ri：'bild]rebuilt[,ri：'bilt]rebuilt[,ri：'bilt]改建，重建send[send]sent[sent]sent[sent]送spend[spend]spent[spent]spent[spent]花费3）原形—ought—ought动词原形过去式过去分词bring[bri°]brought[bro：t]brought[bro：t]带来buy[bai]bought[bo：t]bought[bo：t]买fight[fait]fought[fo：t]fought[f0：t]打架

think[OiOk]thought[Oo：t]thought[Oo：t]思考，想(4)原形—aught—aught动词原形过去式过去分词catch*比tj]caught[ko：t]caught[ko：t]捉抓teach[ti：tj]taughtgt]taughtgt]教(5)变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词dig[dig]dug[dAg]dug[dAg]掘(土)，挖(洞、沟等)feed[fi：d]fed[fed]fed[fed]喂find[faind]foundfound发现，找到get[get]got[got]got/gotten[乜肌顶]得到hold[heuld]held[held]held[held]拥有，握住，支持lead[ii：d]led[ied]led[ied]引导，带领，领导meet[mi：t]met[met]met[met]遇见sit[sit]sat[s比t]sat[s比t]坐shoot[ju：t]shot[j0t]shot[j0t]射击spit[spit]spit/spat[sp比t]spit/spat[sp比t]吐痰，stick[stik]stuck[stAk]stuck[stAk]插进，刺入，粘住，win[vwon[vwon[v赢6)原形—mt/pt/ft—mt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feel['fi：i]felt[felt]felt[felt]感到keep[ki：p]kept[kept]kept[kept]保持leave[ii：v]left[ieft]left[ieft]离开sleep[sii：p]slept[siept]slept[siept]睡觉sweep[swi：p]swept[swept]swept[swept]扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词lay[iei]laid[ieid]laid[ieid]下蛋，放置pay[pei]paid[peid]paid[peid]付say[sei]said[sed]said[sed]说stand[st圧nd]stood[stud]stood[stud]站understandunderstood[,Mde'st圧nd]understood[小nds'st圧nd]明白lose[iu：z]lost[bst,b:st]lost[bst,b:st]失去have[hov]had[h圧d,hod,sd]had[h比d,hod,sd]有make[meik]made[meid]made[meid]制造sell[sei]sold[ssuid]sold[souid]卖tell[tei]told[tsuid]told[touid]告诉retell[,ri：'tei]retold[,ri:'tsuid]retold[,ri:'touid]重讲，复述5.ABC(1)原形—过去式—原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blow[biou]blew[biu：]blown吹drive[draiv]drove[drouv]driven[drivon]驾驶draw[ddrew[cdrawn[d画画

eat[i：t]ate[et,eit]eate门口：仙]吃fall[fo：i]Fell[]fallen['f0：|9n]落下give【giv]gave[geiv]given【'givon]给grow[greu]grew[gru：]grown[groun]生长forgive[fo'giv]forgot[f9'gOt]forgiven原谅，饶恕knoW[nsu]knew[nju:,nu:]known知道mistake[mi'steik]mistook[mi'stuk]mistooken弄错；误解，overeat['euve'i:t]overate],ouvo'reit]overeaten（使）吃过量prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved证明，证实，试验take[teik]took[tuk]t