硕士英语综合教程1-1,3,4单元课后习题习题与讲解打印版

Unit1LowCarbonEconomy1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.1.BThisisthedecisivemomentforustotakeactionstostopglobal2.Bitwouldbemuchmore...3.Abecauseclimateistheatmosphere4.Cconcludesthateconomicdamagescaused...5.Bnowwehavea..b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)accordingto..istheresultoftherapidbuildupofgreenhousegasesprimarilycausedbyhumanactivities;theglobal..unlesswebeginaconcerted,rapidshifttowardalowcarboneconomy(2)JohnHoldren..becauseclimaterepresentstheenvelopewithinwhichallournaturalsystemsoperate(3)thethreatof..whicharetheincreasedcostsofdamagefromextremeweathereventssuchasfloods,droughts,hurricanes,heatwaves,andmajorstorms;theriskthatsucheventsaffectglobalfinancialmarketsthroughhigherormorevolatileinsurancecosts;andtheriskofabruptandlargescaleclimatechange(4)Scientificanalysisofhistoricclimatedataandprojectionsoffutureconditions,andstateoftheartcomputermodelspaintastarkpictureofwhatistocomearethebasestoanswerthe...(5)accordingtheIPCC’sreport,keepingaveragetemperaturetoanincreaseintherangeof2.0℃to2.4℃2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)lackofmoney..haveaadverse(2)theproblemis..andstark(3)nowthereare..couldinflict(4)Databasesused..collectedsystematically(5)France’s....monthtriggered(6)Becausemanypeople..harshandimprovident(7)Shehadincurred(8)Whentravelling..asecurealternative(9)Helostouton(10)Myparentsfinallysettledonb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)Breceiver(2)Cunfamiliar(3)Aextreme(4)Dworsen(5)Bunsteady(6)Cdestruction(7)Arelieve(8)Dwiththehelpof(9)Cdeath(10)Dinthefuture3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.TheU.N-sponsoredmeetinginAccrawasoneinaseriesaimedatforgingadealtoreplace...(1)embraced(2)spedup(3)runningout(4)urgency(5)initiative(6)specific(7)designated(8)contribute(9)incorporate(10)hampering(11)reward(12)involved(13)adverse(14)adaptive(15)vulnerability(16)alternative(17)context(18)dueto(19)compensation(20)scheduled4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Bendingundertheweightofthepacks,sweating,theyclimbedsteadilyinthepineforestthatcoveredthemountainside.他们被背包(2)Concentratingontimepassing,aswedowhenbored,willtriggerbrainactivitywhichwillmakeitseemasthoughtheclockistickingmoreslowly.我们在无聊的时候(3)UnemploymentshotupinFranceduringthesecondquarter,andthecountry’stopfinanceofficialsaidthesituationwillcontinuetoaggravateevenifaglobaleconomicrecoverygatherspace.ItwastheworstquarterlyunemploymentinFrancesinceearly2006.法国第二季度的(4)Associalpracticecontinuestodevelop,weshouldkeeprenewingourideasandmakeinnovationscourageouslyinlightofpracticalneeds.社会实践是不断发展的(5)Bicyclesareregardedasaneconomicalalternativetobuseswhosefareshaveincreased3timesinthepastfewyears.自行车被看成是比公共汽车更实惠的交通工具，因为公共汽车票价(6)TheU.S.governmenthascalledonpeopletosavewaterbecausethescarcityofwaterhasbecomeasourceofglobaltensionecologically,economicallyandpolitically.美国政府呼吁全国(7)Inordertobearecognizedleaderintheindustry,it’sessentialforacompanytoimproveproductionqualityandtaptheoverseasmarketthroughthehelpofstatetechnologiesandequipment.一个企业只有引进高新技术设备，oftheart提升产品质量，开拓国际市场(8)IfyouarethinkingaboutcomingtoBritainforChristmas,itmightbeagoodideatothinkagain.That’sbecausethousandsofChristmastravelershavebeenstrandedintheUKasadverseweatherconditionscausedmassivedisruptiontothetransportinfrastructure.如果你打算到英国2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.Scientistssaythewarmingoftheplanetwillbegradual,butthatextremeweathereventswillincreaseinfrequencyandintensity.Theysaytheeffectsofmorestorms,floods,droughtsandheatwaveswillbeabruptandprofound.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystheeffectsofsocalledclimatesensitivediseasesalreadyarekillingmillionsofpeople.科学家们表示Climatechangeisaglobalphenomenon.Whilenocountrywillbeexempt,shesaysitsconsequenceswillnotbeevenlydistributed.TheWHOchiefsayspoorcountriesthatalreadyarestrugglingwithhugeproblemswillbemostaffected.Fragilehealthsystemsinthedevelopingworldwillcomeunderincreasedstress.Theywillhavegreatdifficultycopingwiththeincreasedburdenofdiseaseandotherhealthproblems.气候变化是一种全球化的现象。虽然每个国家都会b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告:如果我们现在的)的话,我们将会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。温度超过工业化前2摄氏度(3.6华氏度迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会年2)ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。(2)中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。(3)在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。(4)基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。(5)通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。Unit3CultureShock1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)B...livewith..(2)Bthethick...(3)Athefinal(4)Cstudents...(5)A..find...b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)cultureshockmaybe...itisUsuallyaratherprofoundreactiontofairlysignificantotherdifferences;inthewaypeopleviewtheworld,inthewaytheythinkandwhattheyvalue;people...canoftenexperiencesignificantcultureshock;while...oftenexperiencecultureshockatasuperficiallevel(2)cultureshockusually....,namelyExcitementandEnthusiasm,Irritability,Adaptation,andBiculturalism;thejourney....movingfromethnocentrismtoenthnorelativism(3)anexample...indicatesthatpeopleareadjustingwhenthey,withoutthinking,aredoingthingswhichtheyneverthoughttheycouldbecomecomfortablewith(4)intable...representsthehighandlowfeelingsthatstudentsexperienceastheygothroughthevariousstagesofadjustmenttocultureshock;thecause...mightbedoublenegativeofcultureshockandhomesickness(5)intheprocess...stages-sciousIncompetence,ConsciousIncompetence,ConsciousCompetence,UnconsciousCompetence;whenthey..developedaneffectiveethnorelative2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)Ethnocentrismisthetendency...(2)needlesstostay...usattheprospectofatlast..(3)astate..psychologicalwellbeingisbased..purpose.(4)mostanimal..andbehavioralcompetence(5)someofthesigns..moodinessorirritability(6)thetemporary..byanxiety,disorientationdelusions...(7)hisincompetencehasbrought..(8)theeconomic..willbeconfrontedwithserious....(9)iunderstandthefrustrationcaused..(10)meditationis...meditation;verilybysuch..b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)Adeprival(2)Bmarked(3)Cproceedquickly(4)Dblackened(5)Bareassociatedwith(6)Drearward(7)Afall(8)Crecognizable(9)Adistinct(10)Dinvolvement3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.Manypeoplehaveheardofthetermcultureshock.....(1)but(2)discomfort(3)new(4)what(5)Forexample(6)because(7)how(8)unfamiliar(9)degree(10)although(11)Usually(12)identify(13)better(14)First(15)common(16)Inaddition(17)When(18)who(19)also(20)that4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1ConfucianismhasalonghistoryandaprofoundimpactonChina’spolitics,ideology,science,culture,art;itisanimportantpartoftraditionalChineseculture.儒家思想源远流长2Infact,whatwehavedonewiththeproductsoverthepastforyearsandwilldointhefuturecoincidewiththerequirementofWTO.事实上，对该商品的生产，我们以前所做的3Religiousandculturaldiversityinaglobalizingworldneedstobeusedasthepromotionofsocialjustice,toleranceandunderstanding,aswellasinternationalpeaceandsecurity,andnotasarationaleforanewideologicalandpoliticalconfrontation.在日益全球化的世界中，4Theinitialperiodofmarriageinvolvesmorethanaccommodatingtothepresenceandhabitsofanotherperson.婚姻的最初阶段所牵涉到的不仅仅是适应另一个人的存在5Whetheryou’veusedthesoftwarebeforeornot,youmayalreadybefamiliarwithsomeofitsfeatures,butthenewversionrepresentsamajormilestoneintheprogressionofitsdevelopment.无论你是否使用过该软件，你都可能已经熟悉了它的某些功能6Bydefault,whenyoudeletefilesonmostWindowssystemsthefilesarenotreallydeleted,theyareinsteadmovedintotheRecycleBin,sotheystilltakeupdiskspace.在默认状况下，当你7Theeffectofthepainkillerwillnaturallywearoffwithinafewhours,butitsadvantageisthatithasfewsideeffects.这种止痛片的药效在几个钟头之内就会自然消失8Ecologicalcivilizationistheonlywaytoglobalsustainabledevelopment,thebestapproachtosavingtheearth’secosystem,andtheinevitablechoiceofhumandevelopment.生态文明是全球2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.It’smypleasuretowritethiscolumnaboutinternationalstudentsatanAmericanbusinessschool,fromtheperspectiveofanAmerican.ThoughYale,andallothertopschools,focusongrantinga‘global’MBAexperience,thestyleofinstruction,theclassroomenvironment,andthenuancesofschoolcultureareverymuchAmerican.Inspeakingtomyclassmateswhocomefromothercountries,particularlyChina,itseemsthatthreekeypillarsoftheU.S.educationexperienceactuallycomeasamajorcultureshock:loudandoftenboisterousinclassdiscussion;therelianceonteamworktocompletetasks;andtheunofficialimportanceofsocializingtobuildanetworkwithintheclass.ForsomeonewhohasgrownupintheAmericanschoolsystem,conformingtothesethreeattributeshappensalmostsubconsciously,andthinkingthatothersmayfindthemsurprisingordifficulttotacklerevealstheunintendedlimitsofmyownworldview.我很荣幸能有机会从美国人的角度来谈谈一所美国商学院的国际生。b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.尽管每个学生的经历是不同的,但大多数参加一年期项目的交换生经历着几乎相同的适应文化冲击的过程。必须指出的是,虽然文化冲击会令人到感不舒服,但这并不代表着它本身有什,也不代表着经受其中的人有什么错。相当普遍的情况是:学生们在适应文化冲击的过程中,新的问题层出不穷,但这对他们而言也是一种有价值的经历。许多人会说,只有当经历了深的文化冲击,才是最有价值的交换。么错层次2)ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)从问候(2)在地中海国家,如果别人会认为你不热情。在韩国,如果你从后面拍不是家庭成员或者好朋友的人,你会让对方感到不舒服(3)到伦敦人家里参加宴会时脱掉鞋子的居民家中不脱鞋却被认为失礼。(4)许多文化依然推崇传统的进食方式——用手吃。在这种情况下,食物往往是众人一起分享的,因此饭前洗手很重要,而且要遵守用右手西的习俗,左手往往有其他用途。(5)你是左撇子是努力让自己的双手都灵巧吧——在这些文化里,即使是左撇子的孩教会用右手至少吃饭前向同伴解释一下。到饮食,稍不留神就会出差错,不仅让自己难堪,还有可能冒犯东道主。你和别人交谈时没有碰对方的手臂,或见面问候时没和对方亲吻拥抱,。,女主人会认为你不文明,但去亚洲、夏威夷或太平洋群岛吃东吗？还子也被吃饭——或者Unit4ArtificialIntelligence1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)B..isquite..(2)C....atoauniversal..(3)Aibelieve.thatnogood..(4)Cfurtherquestionsposed..(5)Ahumanswillplay..b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)in1950s..beabletocleanourfloors,mowourlawnsand,ingeneral,eliminatedrudgeryfromourlives(2)inpursuitof..becausethecomputerbasedartificialbrainisstillwellbelowthelevelofsophisticationneededtobuildahumanlikerobot(3)itiscontroversial..becableofthesamekindofperception,cognitionandthoughtashumans(4)generatepositiveandnegativereinforcementsignalsinpredefinedcircumstances(5)accordingto..theywillbecomequiteformidableandwilloutperformhumanbeingsinanyconceivableareaofendeavor,intellectualorphysical2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)asanyonewho..canattest,much..(2)whenallofuswerecompletelydisoriented(3)forapplicationsoftware..remainedelusive(4)theburstpletelynegate(5)forthebreeder..obtainedonpreviousprogeny(6)anewreport..willoutstrip(7)timeisaversatile(8)thesenatemust..billandmeld(9)wearedoing..everycontingency(10)state-owned..arethemainstayb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)Awillingtoagree(2)Dcomplicated(3)Bavoid(4)Asummarize(5)Dperfect(6)Comnipresence(7)Dquestioned(8)Dclothes(9)Bauthority(10)Bcrucial3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.Inthejournalscience,professorsharkeycallsforethicalguidelinesto...(1)cover(2)battlefield(3)deployed(4)initiating(5)aerial(6)problematic(7)arise(8)mindful(9)vital(10)goes(11)robotics(12)provided(13)collection(14)ethical(15)endowed(16)traits(17)expression(18)dumb(19)guidelines(20)stupid4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Itoftenhappens,however,thatthinkinglagsbehindreality;thisisbecauseman’scognitionislimitedbynumeroussocialconditions.然而思想落后于实际的事是常有的(2)Somethingbigwasintheoffing,sobigthattheworkersattheSimonsonplanthadbeenvirtuallyplacedunderarresttopreventanyinformationfromleakingout.肯定有什么重大事情(3)Onlybyunderstandingthenatureofthinkingmode,canmanbringforthnewideasinphilosophy,andthecruxofphilosophicalinnovationliesinthechangeofman’sthinkingmode.只有领会哲学思维方式的本质，才能提出创新的哲学理念，而哲学创新的关键在于人的思维(4)Fromthenon,hestruggledinhisattemptstoovercomehishumbleoriginsandinsinuatehimselfintoupperclasssociety.从那个时候开始，他一直不断奋斗(5)It’safarcryfromthedayswhenIwasjustaclerkinasupermarketandnobodypaidmeanyattention.我以前只不过是一个超级市场的雇员(6)Theinventionofmicroprocessorssetthestageforthearrivalofthemicrocomputer,orpersonalcomputer—anaffordablemachineforthemasses.微处理器的发明给微型计算机(7)Sothere’snosuchthingasanenemyinabsoluteterms.Theenemieswefightareonlyinrelativeterms,constantlychangingwiththetimes.所以世上没有绝对的敌人(8)Taiwan,viewedfromthehistoricalfactsandtheinternationallaw,isbeyonddisputeonepartofChinesesacredterritoryanditisaninviolablemissionoftheentireChinesepeopletoreunifythemotherland.无论是从历史上还是从国际法的角度来看2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Salesofprofessionalandpersonalservicerobotsworldwidewereestimatedtohavereachedabout5.5millionthisyear—andareexpectedtomorethandoubleto11.5millionby2011—yetthereislittleornocontroloverhowthesemachinesareused.Somehelpbusyprofessionalsentertainchildren;othermachinesfeedandbathetheelderlyandincapacitated.“Weneedtolookatguidelinesforacutoffsowehavealimittothecontactwithrobots”oneexpertsaid.“Somerobotsdesignedtolookafterchildrenwiththemforhours,orevendays.Attheotherendoftheagespectrumtochildcare,therelativeincreaseinmanycountriesinthepopulationoftheelderlyrelativetoavailableyoungercaregivershasspurredthedevelopmentofeldercarerobots.”据估算，全球专业机器人和个人服务型机器人的销量今年已近550万台b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.计算的能力当然与生存无关,然而随着语言改变了人类的文化,至少是我它能服从一系列随意由于我们把数字看成是复杂的完成其它类似的功能,所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙,并们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算通过上百个计算机,尤其是那些经过重新设置用计于算的计算机,可以在几毫秒就完成。2)ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)但它们并不是用高出一筹的逻辑和力量统治人类,而是有可能导致一个与他人完全隔绝们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。这个机器的一个特点就是的指令,而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行。但是东西,将它们写下来并用以且效率不高。我的底层人群的产生。(2)机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能导致(被服务者)与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津。(3)许多机器人被设计成玩具,但它们也能扮演照看孩子的角色:监督孩子的一举一动,通过无线电脑连接或移动电话与另一个房间甚至另一座建筑物内的家长联络。(4)但是由于机器人保姆能在身体上保护孩子的安全,可能会造成孩子一天数小时或者几天都不与人接触,同时不同程度的与社会隔绝对孩子成长可能造成的心理影响目前还不清楚。(5)护理老年人的机器人能帮助老年人在自己家中自理,但它们的存在可能会使老年人完全处机于器人照顾之下,从而面临缺乏足够的与人交流机会的危险。Howtolivealowcarbonlife?Aseverybodyknows,toomuchcarbondioxidehascausedtheclimatechanges.Thepollutionoftheearthisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Ouronlymotherearthisingreatdanger.Itisourlastchancetotryourbesttosaveit.Everyoneshouldwakeuptolivealow-carbonlifetoprotectourplanet.Then,howcanwelivealow-carbonlife?Firstly,weshouldknowthatlow-carbonlifeisnotonlyakindoflifestylebutalsolifeattitude.Secondly,weshoulddevelopgoodhabitsinourdailylife.Forexample，Wecansavewaterbyfixingdrippingtaps.Wecansavewaterbynotbrushingourteeth,notwashingthedishesandvegetablesunderarunningtap.WecansavewaterbyusingusedwatertowaterplantsorwashWC.Weshouldsaveelectricity.Weshouldturnoffthelightswhenweleavearoom.WeshouldturnoffthePC(personalcomputer)andTVwhentheyarenotinuse.Wealsocansavepaperbyusingbothsidesofthepaper,recyclingbooks,usinghandkerchiefsinsteadofpapernapkins.Besides,wealsoshouldtrytoreducetheemission.Whengoingtoschoolorwork,trywalkingorcyclinginsteadofdriving.Don’tsmokeorsmokeless.Don’tbuytoomanyclothes.Drinklessbeer.Plantmoretreesandsoon.Ibelieve,ifeveryonelivesalowcarbonlife,ourearthwillbecomeamuchbetterhomeland.CultureShock：AFishOutofWaterThereisnodenyingthefactthatcultureshockhasbecomeahotlydebatedtopicinthemodernworld.Cultureshockistakenasatemporarydisorientationthatresultsformbeingconfrontwithunfamiliarlanguage,differentcustoms,strangeculture,andsoon.Peoplewhotraveltoorlivinginastrangecountryusuallyoftenexperienceatleastfourdistinctstagesofcultureshock.Duringthefirstfewweeksmostind