被动语态复习

Grammar-----Passivevoice1Structureofknowledge一.复习被动语态（RevisethePassiveVoice）英语动词有主动语态（theactivevoice）和被动语态(thepassivevoice)两种形式.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被语态表示主语是动作的承受者.Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.（主动语态）Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被动语态)转换规则：用公式表示为:(主动)S+V+O

(被动)O+V(BEDONE)+by+SMissLiisteachingmusicnow.Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.41.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

主动语态变被动语态Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词一般进行完成现在am/is/aregiven过去was/weregiven将来shall/willbegiven时式二.常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/arebeinggivenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengiven71.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2.Thewaterisbeingturnedintovapour.3.Thoseroomshavenotbeencleanedyet.4.Hewasseentoentertheroom.5.Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtorunthemachine.6.Radioshadjustbeeninventedthen,andpeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.三.动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表一般式进行式完成式主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedonetohavebeendone9策划：《学生双语报》不定式被动式的用法:不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用不定式的被动式.不定式的一般被动式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生;不定式的完成被动式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.10Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月内建成这座桥.(一般被动式)Shewasgladto

havebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴.(完成被动式)11高考链接:1.Thefluisbelieved_____byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004上海)causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.behavecaused2.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____thefilmstarshadleft.(2004福建)totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldCB12策划：《学生双语报》3.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(1992全国)TobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking4.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortableto_____.(1988全国)A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besatonAB13doing的主动被动结构变化一览表

时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingBeingdone完成时HavingdoneHavingbeendone用所给动词的被动语态填空：1.

Thechildren_________________

(allow)totakeatriptoHangzhoutomorrow.2.

Thisbook_____________(write)byafamouswriter50yearsago.3.

Thedoctormust_________________

(send)foratonce.4.

Theschoolsportsmeeting_____________________

(hold)intheplaygroundlastweek.5.

Thewaterinthebasin(脸盆)should___________________

(notuse)towashyourface.6.Thesebottlesshouldn’t______________

(throw)away.Theycanstill________________

(recycle)insomeway.7.

Allkindsofvegetables___________________

(carry)tothecitiesbytruckseverymorning.are/wereallowedwaswrittenbesentwasheldnotbeusedbethrownberecycledarecarried1.

English______widely________

(use)acrosstheworld.2.Theselettersmust______________

(pass)ontothemrightnow.3.

It____________(report)thattherewasabigfireinthenextstreetlastnight.4.

Idon’twantthisletter_________________

(open)rightnow.5.

She_______(love)herstudentsand___________

(love)bythem.6.EverySundaymorning,thekids_____________

(give)artlessons.7.

I________________(tell)thathismotherwasill.isusedbepassedisreportedtobeopenedlovesislovedaregivenwastold主动表被动主动表被动：指形式无被动结构而含被动意义的主动形式，即句中某个名词或代词与某个动词存在逻辑动宾关系或为被动关系，用主动结构表被动意思。1.下列动词作系动词时用主动结构表被动意思,常见的有:look,sound,smell,taste,feel,prove等①Theflowerlooksugly.②Whatyousaidsoundsreasonable.③Thedishsmellsdelicious.④Thefoodtastesgood.⑤Thestoryprovedquitefalse.2.“主语＋beworth＋doing”结构中Thenovelisworthreadingagain.3.当need/want/require三动词是表需要的，则这三动词后的动词用v-ing形式,用主动结构表被动意思（相当于tobedone）①Mywatchneedsrepairing（＝toberepaired）.②Thehousewantspainting（＝tobepained）.4.某些与can’t,won’t等连用的不及物动词,如move,lock,shut,open等①Itcan’tmove.②Thedoorwon’tshut.③Thewindowwon’topen.5.某些可以和well,easily,smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook,sell,lock,open,shut,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动意思①Thiskindofbooksellswell.②Thepenwritessmoothly.③Theclothwasheswell.④Thepoemreadssmoothly.⑤Thetabledoesn’tcleaneasily.6.“sb.hassth.todo”结构,也用主动结构表被动意思①Hehasmanyproblemstosolve.②Whitehaslotsofthingstodo.③Ihavearoomtolivein.7.“sth.＋be＋adj.＋todo”结构,todo与sth.存在逻辑动宾关系,也用主动结构表被动意思,这些表语形容词有hard,difficult,easy,fit,necessary,dangerous等等①Theproblemishardtosolve.②Thewaterisn’tfittodrink.③Thebookiseasytoread.8.sth.betorent,

sthremaintodo,whotoblame①Thetaxiistorent.②Muchremainstofind.③Sheistoblame.10.在一些表语或定语的介词短语含被动意义①be＋under＋n./doing,e.g.Thefirewasundercontrolatlast.②be＋onsale/show,e.g.ManynewtypesofcarsareonshowinBeijing.③be＋inthechargeof,e.g.Thefactoryisinthechargeofmybrother.复习填空★英语的语态分__________和_________。★

__________表示主语是动作的执行者。★

__________则表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词___+________”构成：

Everybodylikeshim.大家都喜欢他。

(______语态)Heislikedbyeverybody.他受到大家的喜欢。

(______语态)一、主动语态和被动语态概说主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态be过去分词主动被动二、何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是_______________或没有必要

如：

Paperismadefromwood.

Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.

Hewaswoundedinthefight.

动作的执行者二、何时使用被动语态2.需要____________________时

如：

Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.

Booksandnewspapersinthereading

roommustn'tbetakenaway.

Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.

强调动作的承受者二、何时使用被动语态3.为了使____________，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。如：

Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbe

completedbytheendofnextmonth.

Electricityisusedtorunmachines.

语气婉转三、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1.主动语态变被动语态的基本方法将主动语态的__________变为被动语态的________，将主动谓语变为被动谓语

(____________)，将主动语态的主语变为

_____短语(在被动句中用作状语)：

Hebrokethecup.→________________________________★注意：若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的

by短语通常可以省略：①他生于1986年。_____________________②这种花叫什么花？____________________宾语主语be+过去分词byThecupwasbrokenbyhim.Hewasbornin1986.Whatisthisflowercalled?高考链接1.---Yourjob___openforyourreturn.---Thanks.(2006北京)A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept2.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar____atthegarage.(2006重庆)A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired3.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey____therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.(2006重庆)A.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven4.Whenheturnedprofessionalattheageof11,Mike____tobecomeaworldchampionbyhiscoachandparents.(2006上海)expectedB.wasexpectingC.wasexpectedD.wouldbeexpected5.---Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.(2006江苏)A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned6.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames____open,thewholeworldcheered.(2