PET基础讲义总复习

PET基础讲义总复习ForPeterPET基础讲义第十九讲 1现在完成时（学生版）如，Thereisabirdinthetree.acrossvs.crossacross是介词，cross是动词goacrosstheroad=crosstheroad,千万不能写成gocrosstheroad,这样就会出现两个动词的情况acrossvs.throughacross和through都是介词,across强调从表面穿过，through强调从立体空间中穿过。如，gothroughtheforest穿过森林;goacrossthestreet穿过大街。in,on,by表交通工具bycar/bus/bike/air/planeonabus/onhisbikeinacar/inmyfather'scarin,with,by表方式in主要表示“用语言、声音、原材料等“；如，inEnglish,inalowvoice,writeininkwith表示“用具体有形的东西”；如，writewithapenby表示“用..・・・.手段或方式”，后常接动名词。介词+动词ing的相关短语在英语中介词和后面名词性的成份构成介宾结构，如果介词后面要加表示动作的词，必须变成ing形式，动名词做介词宾语，常考短语如下：begoodat=dowellin如：Vmgoodatplayingfootball.我擅长踢足球。How/Whatabout...?如：Howaboutplayingfootball?一起踢球怎么样？in+颜色/衣服：穿着・•・衣服的人(thegirlinred/inablueskirt)with+具体名词：有着…(anoldladywithglasses/agirlwithshorthair)其他常见固定搭配：inthesun在太阳下 onduty值班、值日begood/badfor对…好/不好 befamousfor因而出名( )l.Thepondwasfilledwaterarainynight.A.of,inB.with,atC.with,onD.to,in( )2.-WhendidPeterleaveShanghai?-HelefttheeveningofOctober15.A.inB.atC.onD.till( )3.—WhereisShanghai?—ItistheeastofChina.A.in B.to C.on D.at( )4.Asweknow,JapanistheeastofChina.A.onB.to C.in D.at( )5.Whenhearrivedthestation,thetrainhadleft.A.atB.toC./D.in( )6.Heputupamapthebackwallbackwallbecausetherewasahole it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;inD.on;at( )7.Therearesomebirdssingingthetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from( )8.Theriverrunsthecity.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from)9.HeswimstheriverandtheytheroadattheA.across;cross;crossingB.cross;across;crossingC.crossing;cross;acrossD.crossing;across;cross)10.-Howdidyoucomehere?—mybike.A.onB.byC.inD.from)11.HeispaintingaChinesebrush.A.withB.inC.byD.from)12."Jackisathieftheboysaidalowvoice.A.inB.byC.withD.from)13.Miss.Zhuisaladyakindfaceandbigbrighteyes.A.ofB.withC.inD.from)14.Thegirlareddressismyfriend'sdaughterA.atB.inC.putsonD.wears)15.HeoftenEnglishafterhishomeworkonweekends.A.study;finishB.studied;finishedC.studies;finishingD.studying;finishing情态动词&动词时态&动词语态.关于must提问：如：MustI?肯定回答：Yes,youmust/haveto.否定回答：No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.（注意:否定回答不用mus不t,mustn't意思为"禁止;不允许"）.关于may提问：如：MayI?肯定回答：Yes,youmay/please.否定回答：No,youmustn't.（注意:否定回答不用maynot）.情态动词表推测：canbe：表示事件可能发生，can戈be：表示一定不会发生，不可能会发生；mustbe：表示事件一定会发生，注意一定不会发生不用mustnt而用can3；maybe：表示可能是。.hadbetter：最好hadbetter也属于情态动词，只有一种形式，其中的had并非过去式，hadbetter后面要跟动词原形。（注意其缩写形式Mbetter）肯定形式：hadbetterdosth.否定形式：hadbetternotdosth.)1.Petercomewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.canC.mayD.will)2.—MustIstayathome,Mum?—No,you.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.don'tD.maynot)3.—Howlongthebookbekept?-Fortwoweeks,butyoureturnitontime.A.can;mayB.may;needC.can;mustD.must;need)4.Youbelate.A.hadnetterB.hadbetternotC.hadbetterdon'tD.hadnotbetter)5—MayIstophere?一No,you.A.mustn'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.won't)6.—Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?—No,itbehim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't)7.—Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?—Sure,butyouhelpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could)8.—Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.—Ittruebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maybenotB.won'tbeC.couldn'tbeD.mustn'tbe)9.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may)10.Youyourtoothpulledoutbeforeitrotcompletely.A.hadbettergotB.hadtogetbetterC.hadbettertogetD.hadbetterget感叹句&陈述句.以what开头的感叹句What在感叹句中修饰名词，以它开头的感叹句主要有以下几种结构类型：uWhata(n)+形容词+单形可数名词(+主语+谓语)如，Whatanimportantjobitis!那是多么重要的工作呀！"What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)如,Whatsweetmusicitis!多么美妙的音乐啊！“What+形容词+复形可数名词(+主语+谓语)如，Whatdeliciousmooncakestheyare!多好吃的月饼啊！.以how开头的感叹句以how开头的感叹句有以下几种常见结构类型：“How+形容词(或副词)(+主语+谓语)^0,Howbluetheskyis!天空多蓝啊！Howquicklyyouwalk!你走得多快呀!“How+形容词+a(n)+单形可数名词(+主语+谓语)如，Howcleverastudentyouare!你是多聪明的一个学生啊！一、单选题( )1.niceweathertodayis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata( )2.goodtimewehad!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa( )3.beautifulandquietislanditis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata( )4.thetimepassed!A.HowquickB.HowquicklyC.WhatquickD.Whatquickly( )5.cleverboyTomis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata二、完成句子.bookitis!这本书多么有趣啊！.sunnyitis!天气多晴朗啊！.workitis!多艰辛的工作啊！.Andy!安迪学习多刻苦啊！.thegirlsaresinging!这些女孩唱歌多好听啊！时态&宾语从句&定语从句&状语从句Tilletyouknowhecomesback.A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.althoughShewillsingasongsheisasked.A.ifB.unlessC.forD.sinceWewillworkweareneeded.A.wheneverB.becauseC.sinceD.whereverReaditaloudtheclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.althoughyougo,don'tforgetyourpeople.A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.WhicheverHehaslostthekeytothedrawerthepapersarekept.A.bywhichB.inwhichC.underwhichD.whichWearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,mygrandparentsandsomerelativeslive.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whereIsthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theoneThosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearnDoyoulikethebookshespent50Yuan?A.whichB.thatC.onwhichD./写作题：描述一个你最喜欢的餐厅。要求：100词。使用定语从句，宾语从句还有状语从句。知识点详析,知识点详析,名词.名词的复数规律:如词尾为-f或-fe,则一般变为-ves,如leaf-leaves;half-halves;.常见的不可数名词：paper,news,bread,money,advice,work等，不可数名词表示数量可以和some,any,little,alittle,much,alotof等修饰词,或apieceof,apoundof,acupof,acopyof等量词连用。注：判断单复数，有量词由量词决定，无量词由名词决定。.共同拥有某物，则只在后一个名词后加飞”。如：XiaoLiandXiaoZhangfsroom.分别拥有的东西，则应在两者后面都加飞”。如：XiaoLi9sandXiaoZhang!srooms..双重所有格：公式为：a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格。如：afriendofmine我朋友中的一个.合成名词：只将其主体词变为复数形式。如：girlstudent—girlstudents pencil-box—pencil-boxes由man和woman构成的合成词，全都变成复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors womanteacher-womenteachers.某国人的复数变化：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。重点注意德国人。如:Germans.集体名词表示整体是单数意义，表示个体是复数意义。如：Myfamilyisabig.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.注意：families表示“多个家庭”.名词所有格中，在表示时间、距离以及其他习惯用语中，则需用「s）或。）表示所有格，如：三分钟的步行路程：tenminutes'walk等。注意：所有格和复合形容词的区别：如：七天的假期：sevendays，holiday/aseven-dayholiday)l.Wedon'thavetodotoday.A.alothomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.lotsofhomeworkD.muchhomeworks)2,Thereareplentyofworkinginourschool.A.womanteacher B.womenteachersC.womenteacher D.womanteachers)3.Theteacheristalkingtomothersoutsidetheclassroom.A.TomandJerry'sB.Tom'sandJerry'sC.Tom'sandJerryD.TomandJerry( )4.TomSmithisanclosefriendof.A.John'smother'sB.John'smotherC.Johnmother'sD.mother'sofJohn( )5.1fsmorethanfromShijiazhuangtoBeijing.A.threehours'driveB.threehour'sdriveC.threehours5drivesD.threehoursdrive( )6.Look!ThereisaGermancaroverthere.Therearefourinit.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanD.Germany( )7.Inautumn,manyturnyellow.A.leavesB.leafsC.leafD.leafes( )8.Therearemanyclassesinourschool,butnowonlyClassFourhavingclass.A.isB.areC.wasD.were( )9.—Howoldisthegirl?—Sheisagirl.A.10yearsoldB.1O-year-oldC.10year'soldD.10years5old( )10.Let'sflythefbrfun!A.papersplanesB.paperplanesC.paper'splanesD.papersplane代词.反身代词：helpyourself/yourselves（tosth）随便吃enjoyoneself过得开心.how家族：howlong多长，对时间和长度进行提问howsoon多久之后，对将来的一段时间进行提问howoften多久一次，对频率进行提问howfar—多远，对距离进行提问.other家族：other泛指别的，后面必须接名词。others泛指别的，后面不能加名词，常用句式:some...,others...,others...otheother两者中的另一个，常用句式：one...theother...区另U于another：三者中另一个theothers指剩余的全部，只能指可数名词，指不可数名词应用therest。常用句式：some...theothers....不定代词：both两者都all所有的，全部（三者）either两者中任何一1个 any任何一个（三者）neither两者都不 none都不（三者）注意句型:neither nor……或either or……谓语动词用就近原则。.不定代词：可数名词不可数名词含义fewlittle 否定含义，没有多少了afewalittle肯定含义，还有一点.some,any区别some一些，可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。(1)在肯定句中用someo⑵some肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。any一些any多用于否定句、疑问句中。.it,one区别it指代前文中提到过的那一个事物。one指代上文提到过的同类事物中的一个，但不是上文提到的那一个事物。如果指同类事物中的一些，要用。nes。.复合不定代词：something,everyone等(1)复合不定代词作主语，单数意义(2)复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语必须放在它的后面。( )l.Ourteacherhastotellustoday.A.somethingusefulB.usefulsomethingC.anythingusefulD.usefulnothing( )2.Thiscakeisdelicious!CanIhavepiece,please?A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theother( )3.Onsideoftheriverthere9remanytallbuildings.A.everyB.allC.bothD.either( )4.Thereisbreadinmybridge,canyougoandbuybread?A.little,fewB.alittle,afewC.little,alittleD.few,afew( )5.Thisboxistooheavy.Couldyougivemehelp?A.anyB.manyC.someD.lotof( )6.-CanIborrowyourbike?-Sorry,Iwilluseinaminute.YoucanborrowfromTom.A.one,oneB.one,itC.it,oneD.it,it( )7.Mymothercookedtwokindsoffishes.Helptosomefish,boys.A.yourselfB.yourselfsC.youselvesD.yourselves( )8.Harryistallerthanboyinhisclass.A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.anyother( )9.Theresomethingwrongwithmycomputeryesterday,couldyouhelpmefixit?A.arcB.wasC.isD.were( )10.—haveyoulivedinGuangzhou?—Fifteenyears.A.HowfarB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Howoften形容词&副词.易错副词形容词副词备注hardhardhard副词容易写成hardly,hardly意思为"几乎不"，与hard无任何关系friendly无不能用friendly直接修饰动词，只能改成inafriendlyway”用一种友好的方式如:Hesmiledatmeinafriendlyway.excitedexcitedly 容易拼错healthyhealthily容易拼错politepolitely不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有:widely,nicely,closely,.形容词原级的用法：表示“和・・・・・・一样”A+be+(not)+as/so+形容词的原级+as+B；.形容词比较级的用法：双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用”比较级十than”的结构表示表示一方不及另一方时，用”less十原级十than”的结构表示.越…，越…”The+比较级，the+比较级，如：Themore,thebetter越多越好；Themoreyoulearn,thebetteryouwillbe.你学得越多，你就会棒。“越来越…”比较级+and+比较级或moreandmore+原级如：hotterandhotter越来越热moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮Theweatherisgettinghotterandhotter.天气越来越热了。.形容词-ed形式与-ing形式的区别：-ed是形容人的，强调感觉，“感到…\-ing是形容物的，“令人…如：Iamveryexcitedabouttheexcitingnews..形容词的位置形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后o如：Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?.enough的用法：修饰名词enough放前，后均可，通常放前：比如enoughmoney,enoughtime修饰形容词副词，enough放后面：比如：goodenoughhappyenough.比较级结构的修饰语用于原级之前：too,just,quite,so,very,rather,fairly,etc.如,Theboxisveryheavy.注：muchtoo与toomuch区另1Jmuchtoo后加形容词。toomuch后加不可数名词。如：muchtoonoisytoomuchnoise.用于比较级前：alot,much,far,abit,alittle,even,still,etc.如，It'scoldthisyear,butit'sevencolderlastyear..too...to….(+动词原形)太而不能so…that…(+句子)如此以至于如,Heistootiredtowork.=Heissotiredthathecan'twork.( )1.Myparentswillgotherebytaxibecauseitisraining.A.badlyB.hardlyC.probablyD.heavily( )2.Theyoueat,thebetteryourhealthwillbe.A.littleB.fewC.lessD.fewer( )3.Theyhavejustcleanedthewindows,sotheroomlooks.A.morebrighterB.morebrightC.lessbrightD.muchbrighter( )4.Whichisthe,thetrainstation,thebusstationortheairport?A.farB.farthestC.fatherD.morefar( )5.Nowtheairinourhometownisthanitwasbefore.Somethingmustbedone.A.muchbetterB.moreworseC.morebetterD.muchworse( )6.Eitherofthemcantakethisjob,butwhatI'minterestediniswhoisA.themostcarefulB.morecarefulC.carefulD.evencareful( )7.OfthetwoAustralianstudents,Mashaisone.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily.A.tallestB.thetallerC.tallerD.thetallest( )8.—Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?—Certainly,wecanbuyonethanthis,butthis.A.abetter;betterthanB.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;notasgoodas( )9.Nanjingisbeautifulacitylotsofvisitorscometovisiteveryyear.A.so...thatB.enough...toC.such...that D.too...to( )lO.TheChangjiangRiverisoneofriversintheworld.A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest( )11.childrenthereareinafamily,theirlifewillbe.A.Theless;thebetterB.Thefewer;thebetterC.Fewer;richerD.More;poorer( )12.Theboyisyoungtocarrythebox.Let'sgoandhelphim.A.tooB.soC.veryD.quite( )13.Whynotmakeakiteyourself?Youdon'tneedfbrit.A.anythingspecialB.somethingspecialC.specialanythingD.specialsomething( )14.Don'tworry,sir.TmsureIcanruntocatchupwiththem.A.slowlyenoughB.enoughslowlyC.fastenoughD.enoughfast( )15.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch冠词1.a用在以辅音音标开头的词前,an用在以元音音标开头的词前。特别注意：26个字母中，用an的字母有“Oh,Mr.Lenisafox.”如，Thereisan“h"onthebag.用a的例子，aEuropeancountry,auniversity/usefulbook/uniform,aone-year-oldchild用an的例子，anhour/honor/honestboy.定冠词用法(1)乐器、复姓、年代、山河、由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：playthepinion弹钢琴；theGreens格林一家人；inthe1980s在二十世纪八十年代；thePearlRiver珠江；theGreatWall长城。(2)序数词、形容词表一类人，形副最高级前。如：thefirst第一;theold老人;thebest最好。.零冠词的用法在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；如：WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.在学科、三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词；如：havebreakfast,playchess当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；如：bybus,bytrain。( )1.Pleasepayattentiontoyourspelling.Youhavedroppedhere.A.anB.theC./D.a( )2.HeisgoingtoLondonbysea.A.theB.aC.oneD./( )3.Fvebeenastudenttherefornearlytwoandhalfyears.A.aB.anC.theD./( )4.BillisEnglishteacher.Helikesplayingfootball.A.a;theB.an;theC.a;/D.an;/( )5.DoesTomoftenplayfootballafterschool?A./;/B./;theC.the;/D.a;/( )6.Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalfhourtogetthereby bus.A.an;/B.an;aC.a;/D./;/( )7.oldwerehavingdinnertogetherwhenthetelephonerang.A.AB.AnC.TheD./( )8.Look!There'sfootballundertheteacher9sdesk.Let'splay football,ok?A./;/B.a;/C.a;theD.a;a)9.Whatinterestinggameitis!Letmehavetry,OK?A.an;aB.a;anC./;aD.an;/)lO.TheoldmansaidhesawUFOintheskytheotherday.A.aB.anC.theD./数词.常错拼写：fourth第四；fifth第五；ninth第九;twelfth第十二；forty四十;.“the+数字的复数形式”表时间，年代：如,inthe1980s在20世纪80年代“one's+数字的复数形式”表示“在某人・・・・・・岁时”：如，inhisseventies在他70多岁的时候；inTom'searlythirties在Tom30岁出头的时候.hundred,thousand,million,billion与具体数词连用时，要用单数形式：如，fivehundredpeople500人；twothousandbooks2000本书与。f连用时，要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数词：如，hundredsofpeople成百上千的人；thousandsoffactories成千上万的工厂.用基数词和序数词共同表达分数，基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母，当分子大于1,分母要用复数：如，onethird三分之一；twothirds三分之二；a/onequarter四分之一；threeandonefourth三又四分之一.年份的读法：1949读作nineteenhundredandforty-nine或nineteenforty-nine;1800读作eighteenhundred;1902读作nineteenhundredandtwo或nineteenotwo.加减乘除：力口：2+3=5Twoplusthreeisfive./Twoandthreeequalsfive.减：10-6=4Tenminussixisfour.乘：3X4=12Threetimesfouristwelve.除：16:4=4Sixteendividedbyfourequalsfour..1.5<1、时的表达法：oneandahalfhours/anhourandahalf/onepointfivehours.编号的表达方式：名词+基数词：如，Room302302房间；Lesson5第五课the+序数词+名词：如，thetenthlesson第十课；thesecondline第二行( )1.TommylivesonthefloorwhileJackylivesonthefloor.A.fiveth,ninethB.fifth,ninethC.fifth,ninthD.fiveth,ninth( )2.ItishistimetovisitChina.A.fourthB.theforthC.forthD.thefourth( )3.AboutoftheengineersinmycompanyseemtobeintheirA.second-nines;fourtiesB.two-ninths;fortiesC.second-ninths;fortiethD.