安川 培训文档-谐波概述和抑制技术

HARMONICSOVERVIEWANDMITIGATIONTECHNIQUESSpeaker

Name

|

Date

xxx,yy2021PRESENTATIONAGENDAHarmonicsOverviewHarmonicSolutionsHARMONICSOVERVIEWDRIVES&HARMONICS4HARMONICSOVERVIEWBEFOREDRIVES…EVERYTHINGWASSINUSOIDALSUPPLYLINEProvidessinewavevoltagewhichthemotorlikesMOTORDrawssinewavecurrentwhichthesupplylikes.MOTORSRANDIRECTLYACROSS-THE-LINEWhyChange?5ElectricACMotorsConsume45%oftheworld’selectricalenergy.MainPurposeofDrivesSaveEnergy(Power)OtherAdvantagesImprovedEfficiencyImprovedProcessControlReducedMaintenanceonMechanicalCouplingsCompactDesignBENEFITSOFDRIVES6ACROSSTHELINE1FanAcrosstheLine100%Speed

100%Flow=100%PowerMOTORRUNBYADRIVE70%speed

49%TorqueTotalPower=34%66%PowerReductionHARMONICSOVERVIEWINCREASING

EFFICIENCY7DRIVES&HARMONICS8HARMONICSOVERVIEWNOONE’SPERFECT…InputVoltageInputCurrentOutputVoltageOutputCurrentVFDsWhatCausesHarmonics?9DRIVES&HARMONICSConventionalDrive10HARMONICSOVERVIEWDCBUSDIODEBRIDGEOUTPUTIGBTDRIVES&HARMONICSAdiodeislikeacheckvalveWaterflowswhenpressurehitsacertainlevelWhatisadiode?11HARMONICSOVERVIEWDRIVES&HARMONICSCurrentDrawOnlyOccursWhenACvoltage>DCVoltageAC>DC?+/-PeaksofACVoltageResultingCurrentDrawisNon-LinearDrivesdrawlinecurrentwhenneeded.12DiodeBridgeThecurrentwaveformisdistorted.

Distortion

HarmonicsHARMONICSOVERVIEWDRIVES&HARMONICSPhaseA->BCurrentPath:IAB13HARMONICSOVERVIEWDiodesonlyallowcurrentflowinONEdirection.IfVab

>DCBUS,thencurrentflowsVcapDCBUSDRIVES&HARMONICSPhaseA->BCurrentPath:IAC14HARMONICSOVERVIEWDiodesonlyallowcurrentflowinONEdirection.IfVac>DCBUS,thencurrentflowsVcapDCBUSDRIVES&HARMONICS15HARMONICSOVERVIEWStatus:Result:YES,WEHAVEFLOWSupply=LoadSupply<LoadSupply>LoadNOFLOWNOFLOWWhendoescurrentflow?Sameasdiodewheninputvoltage>DCBUsWhatareHARMONICS?16

WHATAREHARMONICS?17Voltageistypicallysuppliedasasinewave.SupplyVoltageCurrentWaveform≠VoltageWaveformCurrentwaveformisnon-linear.Non-linearCurrentHarmonicsoccurwheneverthecurrentwaveformisdistorted.

Distortion

HarmonicsHARMONICSOVERVIEWWHATAREHARMONICS?FourierSeriesHARMONICSOVERVIEWAnyperiodicwaveformcanbeexpressedasaninfinitesumofsinewavesinintegralmultiplescalled“harmonics”.JeanBaptisteJosephFourier

(21March1768–16May1830)=+h=1h=5h=7h=11h=13h=17...ActualFundamental...HarmonicsY(wt)MathUsedtoFindaWaveform’sComponentsHARMONICS,WhytheConcern?19

WHYTHECONCERN?20Harmoniccurrentscreateheat(powerloss)Uncheckedharmonicsmayleadtoresonancewithlineinductance&capacitanceHARMONICSOVERVIEWExcessiveharmonicsdistortsinputvoltagePowerlossesintransformers,wiringandothercomponentsonthepowerlineEFFECTCAUSEResonancecreatespoorreliability,prematurefailure,andgreatercostinmaintenanceandpartsElectricalequipmentmayoperateerratically,fault,orevenprematurelyfail

HARMONICSCAUSEHEAT?HARMONICSOVERVIEWAllline&loadcurrentscreateHEATPushingcurrentthroughcables,reactors,etc.willcreatelossesintheformofheatOnlytheFUNDAMENTALdoesUSEFULworkOnlythehorizontal()effortwilllifttheweightHARMONICSonlycreateheatAnyeffortoutsideofhorizontalmovementissimplywastedenergyWHYCARE?HARMONICSOVERVIEWAdditionalCoolingrequiredduetoaddedheatingLOWEREFFICIENCYHIGHEROPERATINGCOSTSOversizingoftransformersandotherequipmentHIGHERSTARTUPREPLACEMENTCOSTSChargesorpenaltiesfromhighharmonics,lowpowerfactorCOSTLYPOSTINSTALLCORRECTIVEACTIONSWHYCARE?…TransformersHigherreactivepowerincreaseskVA.HigherkVArequiresalargertransformer.HigherkVAcanincreaseutilitycompanydemandcharges.ReactivepoweriswastedenergyHARMONICSOVERVIEWNON-LINEARLOADINGElectronicBallasts(Lighting)ArcFurnacesSwitchingModePowerSuppliesComputers,Servers,Monitors,

Printers,Photocopiers,Etc.OtherNon-LinearLoads:24Drives

arenottheonlynon-linearloads.INPUTCURRENT

WHATDOWEWANT?25Voltageistypicallysuppliedasasinewave.SupplyVoltageCurrentWaveform≠VoltageWaveformCurrentwaveformisnon-linear.Non-linearCurrentCurrentWaveform=VoltageWaveformIDEALCurrentHARMONICSOVERVIEWHARMONICSOLUTIONSHARMONICMITIGATIONOPTIONSReactor(AC/DC)PassiveHarmonicFiltersMulti-PulseRectifiersActiveFrontEnd(AFE)27AllYaskawaOptionsHARMONICSSOLUTIONS6-PULSE/STANDARDDRIVESChargesDCBus:AC>DCOnlyOccursatPeaksofACWaveformResultisNon-LinearCurrentInputiTHD=80%+Goal:ChargetheDCBus28DiodeBridgeHARMONICSSOLUTIONSWHEREDID6-PULSECOMEFROM?ChargeDCBusatACPeaksEachFullCycle3PositivePeaks3NegativePeaks293PositivePeaks3NegativePeaks120˚HARMONICSSOLUTIONSVFDWITHINDUCTOR

30Standardw/ReactorACReactorDCReactorHARMONICSSOLUTIONS12-PULSEAddTransformerPhaseShifttoVoltage2Setsof3-PhaseVoltageExtraSetofDiodesConductsEachSetof3-PhasePower31InputVoltageInputCurrentHARMONICSSOLUTIONSWHY12-PULSE?326-PULSE12-PULSE3PositivePeaks3NegativePeaks+120˚60˚6PositivePeaks6NegativePeaksHARMONICSSOLUTIONSHARMONICFILTERSShiftPowerBurdentoFilterProvidesIsolationFromSourceConstantlyDrawsCurrentFromLineHarmonicsBetweenFilterandDriveInputiTHD:~5%Negatives:LowerEfficiencyNotReliableCausesOVFaults33InputCurrentHARMONICSSOLUTIONSACTIVEFRONTEND(AFE)InputSwitchesConstantlyON/OFFChangesHowDriveSeesVoltageCurrentCan’tJustStopFlowsThroughDifferentPhaseResultsBoostedVoltageonBusContinuousCurrentDrawInputiTHD:≤5%34InputCurrentActiveFrontEndDriveAll-in-OneActiveFrontEndHARMONICSSOLUTIONSREDUCINGVFDHARMONICSVFDHarmonicsMitigationDCReactor(DCLinkChoke)MaintainsCurrentDrawMulti-PulseRectifiersDrawsCurrentMoreOftenActiveFrontEndForcesCurrentDrawbyBoostingDCbus35Allthese

costmoneyandreduceefficiency!Low-HarmonicsVFDDesignAC-to-ACDesignCreatesSinusoidalCurrentHARMONICSSOLUTION