牛津译林版八年级下册8BUnit5-Unit6同步讲练

牛津译林版八年级下册8BUnit5-Unit6同步讲练【知识梳理一】1.Second,don’tcutinonothers.(P64)第二，不要打断其他人。cutin(onsb./sth.)打断（谈话），插嘴例：Shealwayscutsinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.【拓展】cutdown砍倒；减少,削减cutoff切断，割断，剪断cutout切去,切除；剪下例：Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillruintheland.Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.Shecutoffasmallpieceofbreadandgaveittome.Icutthisarticleoutofthenewspaper.【拓展】n．伤口，划口例：Usingsharpscissorsmakeasmallcutinthematerial.2.leavethetaprunning(P65)水龙头一直在流leavevt.(1)使…处于某种状态，thetap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leavesth.+宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。①现在分词作宾语补足语例：Whathesaidleftmethinkingdeeply.②形容词作宾语补足语例：Hisillnesslefthimweak.离开；脱离leave…for…离开…前往…例：I’llleaveNanjingforBeijingtomorrow.遗忘；丢下leavesth.+地点例：Ileftthebookathome.注意：forgetsth.表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leavesth.+地点”结构中强调地点。如：例：Sorry,IforgotmyEnglishbook.Ileftitathome.【拓展】①过去分词作宾语补足语例：Themovingstorylefthimunmoved.②副词作宾语补足语例：Whathaslefthimawayforsolong?③介词作宾语补足语例：Thismatterleftherwithoutawayofhope.3.queueforyourturn(P65)排队等待①queuev.排队等候例：Weshouldqueueupattheticketoffice.n.队伍短语inaqueue意为“成一排（队、行列）”，和inline意思相近；例：jumpthequeue插队Whydidyoujumpthequeuejustnow?②turnn.

顺序,

轮流

It's

one's

turn

to

do

sth.

轮到某人做某事,例：It's

your

turn

to

make

a

decision.

take

one's

turn

to

do

sth.

=

do

sth.

in

turn

=do

sth.

by

turns轮流做某事例：The

nurses

took

turns

to

attend

the

patient.

=The

nurses

lookedafter

the

patient

in

turn

/

by

turns.

vt.旋转turn

down

关小

turn

up

开大

/

出现turn

on

打开turn

off

关(水源、

煤气、

电灯等)

turn

in

上交

turn

...

into

...

(使……)成为……

linking-v.

变得

例：turn

green

/

yellow

变绿/黄了4.What’stheproperwaytogreetpeoplethere,Jenny?(P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？①动词不定式togreetpeoplethere作后置定语，修饰theproperway。例：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.②thewaytodosth./ofdoingsth.做某事的方式或方法例：It’sthebestwayofstudying/tostudyEnglish.Therearedifferentwaystodo/ofdoingit.【知识拓展】inaway在一定程度上，从某方面说ontheway在路上bytheway顺便说，顺便问intheway有时也可说成insb'sway挡路，碍事

③greetsb欢迎某人greetsb.withsth.用…问候某人greetings名词，问候5.Britishpeoplesay“hello”or“nicetomeetyou”andshakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthefirsttime.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。①shake过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking【常用短语】shakeone’shands握某人的手shakehandswithsb.与某人握手waveone’shands挥某人的手wavetosb.向某人挥手②handvt.

【常用短语】handin上交，交上去(给老师或上级)handout散发，分发handsbsth/handsthtosb把某物递给某人6.Britishpeopleonlygreetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。close①vt/vi.关闭，盖上，合上反义词为open例：Sheclosedthedoorsoftly.②adj.近的，接近的(+to)。例：Hishouseisclosetothefactory.(关系)密切的,亲密的。例：Sheisaclosefriendoftheirs.③adv.接近,靠近地(+to)。如：Theyliveclosetothemuseum.紧密地,紧紧地。如：Annafollowedclosebehind.【拓展】closedadj.关闭的反义词为open例：Helikessleepingwiththewindowclosed.7.Also,iftheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet,they’llsay“sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。bumpinto撞上，碰上【知识拓展】fallinto落入，陷入runinto撞上，碰上breakinto破门而入，非法进入turn…into把…变成…8.Britishpeopleareverypoliteathomeaswell,aren’tthey?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?【辨析】too,also,either,as

well,as

well

as①too

是个常用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。例：I'm

in

Row

1，too．

②also

是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它经常放在句中，位于行为动词之前；位于系动词，助动词或情态动词之后。

例：Mrs.

Green

can

also

sing

the

song

in

Chinese．They

also

have

fish

shops

in

that

small

town．③either

表示“也”时一般只用于否定句，且只置于句末。

例：I

don't

know

him．Tom

doesn't

know

him，either．④as

well

常用于口语，用法和

too一样，通常位于句末，它前面通常不用逗号。

例：She

is

a

teacher

and

a

singer

as

well．

I

know

Japanese

as

well．

⑤as

well

as(1)常用来连接两个并列的成分,

作“也,

还”解。它强调的是前一项,

后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时,

谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not

only

...but

also...连接时,

谓语动词与后一项一致。

例：Your

wife

as

well

as

you

is

friendly

to

me.

＝Not

only

you

but

also

your

wife

is

friendly

to

me.

Electric

energy

can

be

changed

into

light

energy

as

well

as

into

sound

energy.

(2)用来表示同级比较,

指“一样好”。

例：He

plays

the

guitar

as

well

as

you.

9.Helpexplainthingsandgiveususefulinformation.(P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。explainvt./vi.explaintosb.sth.=explainsth.tosb.例：Heexplainedtomethedifficultmathsproblem.=Heexplainedthedifficultmathsproblemtome.Tomkepthislittlebrotherfrombotheringhim.

10.Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethatsignjustnow.(P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。noticevt.注意到，留心，看到noticesb.dosth.noticesb.doingsth.例：DidyounoticeJackcomein?Didyounoticehishandshaking?noticen.布告，公告，启事可数名词例：Thereisanoticeontheofficegatesaying"NoParking".作名词常用的词组有：①takenoticeofsb./sth.注意某人/某物例：Takenoticeofwhattheysay.②takenonoticeofsb./sth.不理会某人/某物例：Takenonoticeofhisangrywords-heisnotwell.

11.Everybodywillbeluckyorsuccessfulsometimeintheirlife.(P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。①successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地successn.成功succeedvi.成功如：Hissuccessmakesmewanttobesuccessfulinthenearfuture.We

all

want

to

succeed.

常用短语：besuccessfulatsth.=dosth.successfully=succeedinsth./doingsth.③sometimeadv.在某时【辨析】sometimes/sometimes/sometime/sometime基本含义记忆口诀sometimes有时sometimes/sometimes：相聚是“有时”；分开是“几次”sometimes几次；几倍sometime在某时sometime/sometime：相聚是“某时”；分开是“一段”sometime一段时间例：Tomgoestoschoolonfoot,butsometimesbybike.Ourschoolissometimeslargerthantheirs.MarywillbebacksometimeinOctober.I’llstayhereforsometime.12.Risklosingeverythingallatonetime.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。riskvt.冒…的危险；使…冒风险（或面临危险）常用短语：risksth/doingsth冒…什么危险/冒险做某事。例：Heriskedwalkingaloneinthedark.riskn.危险，冒险

常用短语：atrisk在危险中attheriskof冒...之险;不顾...之风险run/taketheriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事例：We’dbetternotruntheriskofcatchingacoldbywalkingwithoutanumbrellaintherain.13.Justasthesayinggoes.(P75)正如谚语所说。①as用法小结

(1)作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像；按照”。

例：You

must

do

everything

as

I

asked

you

to.

(2)作介词，表示“作为；

当作”。

例：As

a

party

member,

I

must

be

strict

with

myself．

(3)作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“当……的时候”。

例：She

sings

as

she

walks．

(4)用于一些固定搭配。

1)as......

as......

与......相同的程度；

与......等同

例：The

dress

is

twice

as

expensive

as

that．

2)as

well

as

同（一样也）；和；还

例：On

Sunday,his

landlady

provided

dinner

as

well

as

breakfast．

3)such......as

像……这样的；such

as

例如

例：Such

simple

actions

as

eating

drinking

become

difficult.I

bought

a

lot

of

fruits,

such

as

apples,

oranges,

bananas

and

so

on．

②saying谚语常见的谚语有：DoasRomansdoinRome.入乡随俗。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。Nopains,nogains.不劳无获。Burnthecandlesatbothends.操劳过度。Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。Itneverrainsbutitpours.不雨则已，一雨倾盆。Itrainscatsanddogs.大雨磅礴。Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴火焰高。Everydoghasitsday.人人都有得意日。Putallyoureggsinonebasket.孤注一掷。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerthantheotherside.这山看着那山高。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.行动胜过语言。

Eastorwest,homeisthebest.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。Likeandlikemakegoodfriends.趣味相投。It'snevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Easiersaidthandone.说起来容易做起来难。

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。14.Aboveall,whenyouaresittingatthetable,youshouldnotstarteatinguntileveryoneisready.(P77)最重要的是，当你做在饭桌旁，你不应该开饭直到每个人都准备好。aboveall最重要的是例：Aboveall,itneedsawisedecision.atthetable在桌子旁有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。例：attable在吃饭atthetable在桌子旁inclass在上课intheclass在班级中gotoschool去上学gototheschool到那所学校去gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed到床那边去infrontof在…的前面inthefrontof在…的前部.15.I’mtrainingtobeavolunteerfortheOlympicGames.(P78)我正在训练成为奥林匹克运动会的志愿者。①trainvt.&vi.训练，锻炼，培养;

train…tobe…=train…as…把…训练成….例：Hismotherwantstotrainhissontobeaastronaut.【词汇拓展】n.training练习；锻炼。n.火车；列车。复数：trains；例：I

almost

missed

my

train.

【短语】bytrain坐火车onatrain在火车上takea/thetraintosomeplace乘坐火车去…地方②volunteern.志愿者，志愿兵复数：volunteers例：ThevolunteersforOlympicsareallhelpful.vt.&vi.自愿去做;

当志愿兵;志愿提volunteertodosth志愿做…volunteerforsth志愿…例：TheyvolunteeredtoofferserviceduringOlympicgames.

volunteer/voluntaryadj.自愿的，志愿的;例：LastSunday,myclassmatesandIwenttotheparkforcollectingwaste,wealldothevolunteer/voluntarycleaners.16.It’smeaningfultodosomethingfortheOlympics.(P78)为奥林匹克做些事是很有意义的。meaningfuladj.有意义的;反义词meaningless例：It’sameaningfuljobtoworkhere.【词汇拓展】meann.复数：means方式；手段adj.吝啬的;

刻薄的;

(+about/over/with)例：Herhusbandisverymeanaboutmoney.v.意味着；打算;meandoingsth.意味着做某事例：Beingastudentmeansstudyinghard.Successmeansworkinghard.meantodosth.打算或企图做某事例：Whatdoyoumeantodowithit?Wemeantocallonyoutomorrow.17.blind;deaf;disabled;elderly;homeless;poor(P79)①blindadj.瞎的【短语】beblindto对...视而不见turnablindeyeto对...视而不见例：Heisblindtosomethingstrange.Thepolicehaveturnedablindeyetothematter.Theblindarehopefultogetsomemoneyunderthehelpofthecharities.②deafadj.聋的【短语】bedeafto对...充耳不闻turnadeafearto对...充耳不闻例：Hewasdeaftomyadvice.Sheturnedadeafeartoourwarningsandgotlost.Thedeafhasdifficultyinhearing.③the+某些形容词表示一类人，谓语动词用复数thedeaf聋人theblind盲人thedead死者theliving活着的人theyoung年轻人theold/theelderly老人thestrong强者theweak弱者thepoor穷人therich富人thesick病人thehomeless

18.LiuMingdidnotknowwhattoexpectwhenhevolunteeredfortheSpecialOlympicsWorldSummerGamesinShanghai,backinOctober2007.(P80)刘明并没有想在2007年10月底的上海夏季残奥会做志愿者工作中得到些什么。expectvt.&vi.期望;

预料;

【短语】expecttodosth期盼做某事expectsbtodosth期盼某人做某事Iexpectso.我想会的expectthat期盼…例：Ididn’texpecttofindyouhere.Heexpectedhertogowithhim.

IexpectthatIwillbebackonSunday.

Idon’texpectthathehasdonesuchathing.

19.TheSpecialOlympicsWorldSummerGamesgivechildrenandadultswithintellectualdisabilitiesachancetoshowtheirskillstotheworld.(P80)夏季残奥会给有智障的孩子和成人向全世界展示他们技能的机会。①intellectualadj.智力的；有才智的physicaladj.体力的mentaladj.精神的n.知识分子；脑力劳动者复数：intellectuals②disabilityn.无能；残疾复数：disabilities例：We

have

many

areas

of

illnessanddisabilities.

【辨析】able,ability,unable,disabledableadj.能够…的短语：beableto=can反义词：unable例：Heisabletopasstheexam.abilityn.能力例：Hisabilityisstrongerthanmine.disabledadj.残疾的例：Weshouldgiveseatstothedisabledpeopleonthebus.③chancen.机会，机遇;

偶然，运气

复数：chancesThereisachancetodosth./fordoingsth.有机会做某事bychance偶然地例：Thereisachancetoworkhereifyoulike.Imetmyoldfriendbychanceinthestreetlastweek.20.Over40,000peoplegaveuptheirsparetimeforthe2020SpecialOlympicsWorldGames.(P80)超过4万人放弃他们的业余时间去看2020年残奥会。giveup放弃giveupdoingsth例：Weshouldn’tgiveupeasilywhenwehavetrouble.Hegaveupteachingonlytwoyearsago.give相关短语giveup放弃giveoff发出，放出(蒸汽、气味等)giveout分发；用完，用尽giveaway送掉,泄露giveback归还,恢复givein投降,屈服,让步givewayto让路,让步up相关短语

standup起立getup起床pickup拾起，捡起lookup查找（资料），向上看turnup调大音量putup举起，抬起；张贴

eatup吃光useup用光setup建立，设立bringup养育

21.donate(P84)捐献donatevt.&vi.（尤指向慈善机构）捐赠;

献（血）;

捐（血）;

捐献（器官）【短语】donatemoneyto…向...捐钱例：Ican

donate

onehundreddollarstopeopleinneed.【词汇拓展】n.donation捐赠;

捐献;

【知识梳理二】语法1.be+adj.+enough+todosth.（某人、某物）足够......做某事例：I’mtallenoughtoreachthetopofthetree.【拓展句型】be+adj.+enough+forsb.+todosth.对某人来说“（某人、某物）足够......做某事①enough作形容词，意思是“足够的;充分的”。作定语置于被修饰的名词前后均可，前置时强调enough，后置时强调被修饰词。例：Fivemenwillbequiteenough.Ihaveenoughbooksnow.=Ihavebooksenoughnow.②enough作副词的意思是“十分地;充分地;足够地;充足地”，置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后，常与不定式或介词for连用，在句子中作状语，表示程度。如：例：Mum,IthinkI’mwellenoughtogetbacktoschool.【拓展】enough作感叹词时意思是“够了;停止;住手;不要再继续了”，用以表达不耐烦或恼怒。例：You’vebeenpracticingtheviolinallafternoon.Enough!2.too...to...结构和用法①too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。too的后面接形容词或副词的原级，to的后面接动词原形。too...to...句型是简单句。例：Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.②too...to...结构表达肯定的意义(1)too前面含有表示否定意义的词，如:not,never,nothing等时，too...to...结构不表示否定的意义。例：Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。(要学永远都不迟。)(2)too后接表示感情的形容词，如glad,pleased,happy,sad等时，too...to...句型不再表示否定意义，而表示的是肯定意义。例：Heistoosadtohearthebadnews.③too...to...结构与enough...to...结构的相互转换将too...to...结构转换为enough...to...结构时，要注意：(1)enough前的形容词或副词应是too前面形容词或副词的反义词；(2)enough...to...句式须用否定式；例：Sheistooyoungtodothework.=Sheisn'toldenoughtodothework.3.Itis+adj.+todosth.做…事怎么样在此句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式部分，由于主语较长，为了避免头重脚轻，用it做形式主语。有时it还可作为形式宾语，代替较长的宾语部分。例：Itisgreattobewithyou.Ifinditinterestingtowatchtheactionfilm.拓展句型：Itis+n.+todosth.例：Itisagoodideatohaveashowernow.4.Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.对某人来说做…事怎么样此结构是一个陈述句,表示说话人对客观事件的决断,比较正式。这类形容词有difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible等。

例：It’sverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.It’sdifficultforustofinishthework.5.Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.对某人来说做…事怎么样此句型在英语中运用较为频繁,尤其在口语中。该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，其实相当于感叹句。例：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.该句型中用作表语的形容词常见的有如下几类:①表示聪明或愚蠢的形容词,有clever,wise,foolish,stupid,silly等例：It’ssillyofhimtodosuchathing.②表示正确或错误的形容词,有right,wrong,correct,incorrect等,如:例：Itwasrightofhernottocomehere.③表示好坏等品性的形容词,此类词较多,有good,nice,kind,sweet,friendly,lovely等,如:例：It’sfriendlyofyoutocomeandseeme.④表示褒义或贬义色彩的形容词,有brave,polite,careless,selfish等,如:例：Itwasbraveofyoutomanagetodoit.例：It’sveryniceofyoutooffermeaseat.=Youarenicetooffermeaseat.Itiscarelessofhimtolosesomanythings.=Heiscarelesstolosesomanythings.【例题精讲】例1.Johncouldn'tstopsmoking,butatleasthe'smanagedtocut______.A.upB.downC.offD.on例2.What'sthemeaningoftheAmericanexpression'cuttingclass'atschool?A.takingextraclassesB.failinganexamC.deliberately(故意)notgoingtoschoolD.becomingateacher例3.MrsZhaodoesn’tknowwhattimeitisbecauseshehas____herwatchinthehotel.A.stayedB.forgotC.leftD.took例4.----I’mafraidhisradioistoonoisy.Willyouplease____himto____?----Sure.A.make;turnitoffB.allow;turnitonC.ask;turnitdownD.keep;turnitup例5.Thelittleboy____thewallandhurthisleg.A.fellofB.fallfromC.felloffD.falldown例6.Ioften____myfriendsbutseldomwritebacktothembecauseI’mtoobusy.A.hearofB.hearaboutC.hearfromD.hear例7.Youshould____yourvoice.A.keepoutB.keepdownC.keepfitD.keepsilence例8.Itisofyoutowaitforyourturneverytime.Apolite;politeBpolitely;politelyCpolite;politelyDpolitely;polite例9.Whenthefire________inthemovies,thepeoplelosttheirheadsandraninalldirections.A.brokeinB.brokeupC.brokeoutD.brokeinto例10.---IheardTonywasillinhospital.---I’mafraid.Iwillgotoseehimatonce..A.soB.notC.thatD.it【答案】BCCCACBCCA课堂检测一、词汇根据句意和汉语注释，写出单词的正确形式1.Theteacherdecidedtomakeheropinions_______________（公开）．2.Theboywantstochooseoneofhisfavourite_____________（话题）totalkabout.3.Theboy'smotheralwaysusesamorning_____________（亲吻）towakehimup.4.Pleasemakeeverythinginits_____________（正确的）place.5.Helighteda_____________（蜡烛）andwalkedintothedarkroom.6.Mymumwasvery_____________（亲密）withJudy's.Iheardtheyusedtobeclassmates.7.JustwhenIwasreadytoleavethe___________（停车）place,anothercarcrashedintomine.B)根据对话内容，写出句中所缺单词8.---_______inbeforeothersisreallynotpolite,Ithink.---Iagree.Weshouldalwaysqueue.9．---_______me,canIjoinyourdiscussion?---Sure.Wearegladtohearyouradviceonthisproblem.10.---HowcloudIlearnFrenchwell,MissLi?---Above_______,youshouldthinkaboutwhyyouwanttolearnit.C)动词填空1.Thisnewcomputerwillmakeourworkeasier_____________(complete).2.Greatchanges____________(take)placeinBeijinginthepastfewyears.HowIwishtovisititagain.3.---Whatdoyouthinkofthecity?---Wonderful!I_____________(stay)hereforanothertwoyears.4.Please_____________(excuse)myfather ---heisn'talwaysthatrude.5.Theteacherneedsus.___________(express)ourtruefeelingsaboutherclass.6.He___________(shake)myhandandledmeintothedininghall.7.Don'tkeepthetap_____________(run).It'sawasteofwater.8.Wouldyouplease_____________(notpush)me?Let'sgetonthebusonebyone.9.---Ididn'tseeyouatthemeetingyesterday.Why?---BecauseI_______(wait)foranoldfriendfromtheUSA.10.They____________.(eat)upallthefood,buttheystillfeelhungry.词汇、短语和语法A)1.public2.subjects3.kiss4.proper5.candle6.close7.parkingB)8.Pushing9.Excuse10.allC)l.tocomplete2.havetaken3.willstay4.excuse5.toexpress6.shook7.running8.notpush9.waswaiting10.haveeaten二、单项填空1.Intheearthquake,_______losttheirlives.A.twothousandspeopleB.thousandsofpeopleC.twothousandsofpeopleD.thousandofpeople2.-Canyoufindmeagoodphysicsteacher?-Yes,Iknowonewith_______.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.alittleexperienceD.afewexperiences3.Milliefailedtopassthefinalexam_______hercarelessness.A.becauseB.sothatC.asaresultD.becauseof4.They_______support_______theathletesandhelpedmaketheeventagreatsuccess.A.provides;with B.provided;withC.provided;as D.provided;for5.Couldyou_______onwhattoeat?A.offermesomeadvicesB.offermesomeadviceC.offertomesomeadvicesD.offertomesomeadvice6.IthinkMillieis_______achild,shecan_______.A.nolonger;lookafterherB.nomore;takecareofherselfC.nomore;takecareofherD.nolonger;lookafterherself7.-Linda,whotaught_______howtousetheInternet?-Nobody,Ilearnedit_______.A.your;onmyown B.you;bymyselfC.your;bymyself D.you;bymyown8.Thebabypandasinthewildareverydifficult_______without_______.A.tosurvive;foodandwaterenoughB.tosurvive;enoughfoodandwaterC.tosurvived;foodsandwaterenoughD.tosurvived;enoughfoodsandwater9.Jimsat_______tohismotherwithhiseyeshalf_______.A.closed;opened B.close;openC.closely;opening D.closely;opened10.Mydaughterthink_______necessary_______totakesomanydancingclasses.A.that;forher B.it;ofherC.that;ofher D.it;forher11.It'sbraveofEvans_______acros