怎样快速掌握英文的段落结构

怎样快速掌握英文的段落结构英语文章中的段落是由一些有所联系的句子对某一中心思想或者共同主题进行阐述而结合在一起的单位。通常来说，段落组织结构有：演绎型、匹配型、假设-真实型、问题-解决型。接下来，我们就为大家一一介绍这四种段落组织方式。1、演绎型“演绎”指的是文章开头先给出一个总的说明，然后下文对这一说明进行具体的阐述，也就是总分结构。这样的段落组织结构是最为常见的，并且一般多用于说明文。请阅读下面的文章，找出文章的主要观点，以及分论点。MathinEverydayLifePlanningavacation,goingoutforadate,choosingthenewshowergel…Whatdoalltheseeverydayactivitieshaveincommon?1,2,3…Math!Logicalandnumericalthinkingisanintegralpartofourroutine.

Ifyou’regoodatunderstandingbasicconceptsofmath,youwillgetagreatadvantagenexttimelifethrowstonsofproblemsatyou.

So,howdoweuseMathdaily?BakingandCookingWheninthekitchen,you’resupposedtohavesomeprimitivemathematicalskills.Ifyou’dliketomakearockingromanticdinner,makesuretomeasureeveryingredient.Accordingtotherecipeyouuse,sometimesyoumayneedtoeitherdivideormultiplyinordertohavetheexactamountofwhatever-you-need.Asyousee,bakingandcookingrequiresmath.Evenusinganewstoverequiresyoutohavebasicskillsinmath.Painting,Sculpting,DancingIfartisyourlife,itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryou’readancer,painterorsculptor–you’reinneedofusingmath.Theseactivitiesrequireanabilitytocount,measureaswellasapplybasicmathconceptstoeachofthem.PickingShampooWashingyourhairdoesnotrequireyoutobeamathexpert.However,takingintoaccounttheendlessnumberofshampoobrandsavailablewithinthemarket,it’shardtodecidewhichoneisthemostsuitableforyou.Whoknows,maybeyoujustpickoneanduseitforcenturies,butadvertiserstendtousestatisticsinordertohookyoutotheirbrands.Whattheyactuallystateisthatover80%ofconsumersgivepreferencetotheirproductsovertheoldones.Butisthatactuallytrue?Withoutbeingawareofhowmanyindividualsweresurveyed,theirclaimsarezero.Whenit’saboutstatistics,both–questionsandanswersarecrucial.Atthesametime,youmaypurchasethe300mlshampoofor$3orthe400mlbottlefor$4.Howtomakeachoicethatwillbepocket-friendly?Mentalmathskillsaretheanswer.BankingIfyou’regoingtothebank,butdon’thavetheslightestideaofwhatyou’resupposedtobedoingthereorhowtomanageyourownfinances,makesuretobetterstayathome.Inordertopreventahugefinancialdisasterinyourlife,makesuretohavebasicmathskills.TravelingWhenfuelingupforatrip,travelerstendtoconsidertheirmilesperonegallon.Theyshouldcalculateboth–timeandmoney,whenplanningatripinordertofindoutthedeparturetimesandpotentialarrivalhours.Theymustknowtheweightoftheluggagewhentravelingbyplane.Oncetheygetontheboard,basicaviation-relatedmathskillsarehelpfultocalculatetheattitude,speedandflyingtime.WorkingIfyourdreamjobistheonewithinthefinanceorbusinesssegment,sophisticatedknowledgeofmathisamust.Atthesametime,evenhourlyearnersneedtoknowiftheirpaymentaccuratelyreflectstheworkinghours.Asyousee,wecan’tspendthedaywithoutusingMathhereorthere.We’relivingintheworldofnumbersthathelpustosolveeverydayproblems.Studyingmathwillenableyoutomakeroutineabiteasier.主要观点：分论点：2、匹配型这种结构主要是对两种事物进行对比，有的是将两种事物的优缺点一一对应阐述，有的是先说完一个事物，再说另一个事物。这样的结构一般见于议论文。请阅读下面的文章，找出对比的两项事物，以及他们的不同点。Mostofthepeoplefinditdifficulttodifferentiateafrogfromatoad.Theynormallymixthemup.Althoughtheyseemsosimilarinappearance,theycertainlyhavenumerousdissimilaritiestoo.Frogsarefoundinmanydifferentshapes,sizes,colors,andtextures.Frogshavesmooth,wetskin.Theylivemostofthetimeinornearwater.Theyhavedifferenteyecolorsincludingbrown,silver,green,goldandredalongwithdifferentshapesandsizesofpupil.Someofthefrogshavestickypaddingontheirfeetwhileothershavewebbedfeet.Itisobviousthatnotevenallthefrogshavesamequalities.Toadstoohavenumerousshapes,sizes,andtexture,buttheydon’thavemuchvarietyincolor.Toadsarechubbyandhavewartyskin.Theydospendoftheirtimeinwater,buttheyliveinmoistplaceslikewoods,fieldsandgardens.Theirpupilsdohavedifferentshapes,sizes,andcolors,butgenerallytheyareegg-shaped,smallandblack.Usuallytheyhavewebbedfeet.Toadsandfrogshavethesamewaytocatchandeatfood.Bothofthemusetheirtonguetoandgulpdowntheprey.Butafroghasacrestofverysmallconeteetharoundtheupperjawedgetoseizethefood,butatoaddoesn’thaveanyteethatall.Theyeatalmostsamefoodsasfrogslikebugsinsects,fish,etc.Tosumup,frogsandtoadsdoseemsimilarbuttheyhaveseveraldifferentqualitiesregardingshape,size,color,andtexture.Soitiscrystalclearthatpeoplemistakewhilefiguringoutthedifferencebetweenafrogandtoad.Itisneededthatoneshouldlearnhowafrogdiffersfromatoad.对比的两项事物：不同点是：3、假设—真实型这样的结构一般是作者先提出一种社会上普遍认可或者某些圈子里认可的观点或态度，在下文中进行论述，阐明自己的观点，或者对以上观点进行反驳，或者阐述真实情况。这样的结构一般常见于议论文。请阅读以下文章，找出“普通观点”和作者的观点分别是什么。OuthereinExampleland,PeteandFrankalwaysleavePhiladelphiaatnoonandpassHelenandIrmainAltoonaat4:30,butnoonewilltellyouhowfastthey'regoing.Andwhenyou'replanningforretirement,youcanalwaysfigureoutwhatpercentageofyourincomeyoucansave,butnooneherewilltellyouwhatyou'llhavewhenyouleavetheofficeforthelasttime.Todaywe'regoingtoshowwhy,andwhatyoucanlearnfromthat—becauseyoucanalwayslearnsomethinginExampleland.We'regoingtostartwithJoe,whostartedsavingforretirementatage30in1975andretiredatage65.Joe'syoungerbrother,Ralph,alsostartedsavingatage30,butdoessofouryearslater.You'llsoonseewhyJoehatesRalph,andit'snotbecauseRalphbrieflydatedAbba'sAgnethaFältskogwhilevisitingrelativesinSweden.JoeinvestedallhisretirementmoneyintheStandardandPoor's500-stockindexandreinvestedhisdividends.SodidRalph.Eachofthemearnedthemedianfamilyincome—halfishigher,halflower.ForJoe,thatstartedat$11,800in1975,or$46,453,adjustedforinflation.ForRalph,whostartssavingin1979,that's$16,461,or$49,225adjustedforinflation.Wagegrowthwasarealthinginthe1970s.BothJoeandRalphsaved10%oftheirincomeeachyearforretirement.Weusenominaldollarsforourcalculation—thatis,notadjustedforinflation—becausethosearethekindofdollarsyougetdeductedfromyourpaycheck.WhydoesJoehateRalph?BecauseJoeretiredwith$672,000inhisretirementaccount,whileRalphleftworkwith$906,000—adifferenceof$234,000.AscanonlyhappeninExampleland,bothJoeandRalphhadidenticalsavingsplans,buttheywouldendupwithvastlydifferentresults.Thereasonwasentirelyduetoaccidentsofbirth.Joeretiredattheendof2009,shortlyaftertheworstbearmarketsincetheGreatDepression,whileRalph,whoretiredattheendof2013,hadtimeforhisinvestmentstorecoverandevengrowlarger.社会观点：作者的观点：4、问题—解决型这个也很好理解，作者在文中先提出面临的问题，也就是写作背景，接着阐述自己对这个问题的看法，提出自己的意见或者解决方法，文章最后会对自己提出的方法进行评估。这种结构常见于科学文章或者社会时事评论。请阅读下面的文章，找出本文所要解决的问题和解决方法。Theenormousgrowthintheuseoftheinternetoverthelastdecadehasledtoradicalchangestothewaythatpeopleconsumeandshareinformation.Althoughseriousproblemshavearisenasaresultofthis,therearesolutions.Oneofthefirstproblemsoftheinternetistheeasewithwhichchildrencanaccesspotentiallydangeroussites.Forexample,pornographysitesareeasilyaccessibletothembecausetheycanregisterwithasiteandclaimtobeanadult.Thereisnodoubtthatthisaffectstheirthoughtsanddevelopment,whichisanegativeimpactforthechildrenandforsociety.Anothermajorproblemisthegrowthofonlinefraudandhacking.Thesedays,thereareconstantnewsstoriesaboutgovernmentandcompanywebsitesthathavebeenhacked,resultinginsensitiveinformationfallingintothehandsofcriminals.Itisimportant