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一种软件需求依赖关系自动提取方法
Abstract
Requirementdependencyrelationshipplaysavitalroleinsoftwaredevelopment.Identifyingandanalyzingthesedependenciesiscrucialinunderstandingthebehaviorandimpactofthesoftwaresystem.Manualidentificationofsuchdependenciescanbetime-consuminganderror-prone.Therefore,thereisaneedforanautomatedapproachtoextractrequirementdependencyrelationships.Inthispaper,weproposeanovelmethodforautomaticallyextractingrequirementdependencyrelationshipsbyanalyzingthetextdescriptionofsoftwarerequirements.Theproposedapproachusesacombinationofnaturallanguageprocessingtechniquesandsemanticanalysistoidentifyandextractrelevantdependencies.
Introduction
Softwaredevelopmentisacomplexandchallengingtaskthatinvolvesvariousstagessuchasrequirementgathering,design,development,testing,andmaintenance.Requirementgatheringisacrucialstageinthesoftwaredevelopmentlifecycle,whereallthenecessaryfeaturesandfunctionalitiesofthesoftwaresystemareidentified.Duringthisstage,softwarerequirementsaredefinedtospecifythebehaviorandperformanceofthesoftwaresystem.
Requirementdependenciesrefertotherelationshipsamongrequirementsthatimpactorinfluenceeachother.Forexample,iftherequirementforanonlineshoppingsitestatesthatusersmustbeabletoaddproductstothecart,thenitisdependentontherequirementfordisplayingalistofproductsonthewebsite.Therefore,identifyingandanalyzingrequirementdependenciesiscriticalinensuringthatthesoftwaresystemperformsasexpected.
Manualidentificationofrequirementdependenciescanbeatime-consuminganderror-proneprocess.Toovercomethesechallenges,thereisaneedforanautomatedmethodtoextractrequirementdependencies.
ProposedMethod
Inthispaper,weproposeanovelmethodforautomaticallyextractingrequirementdependencyrelationshipsbyanalyzingthetextdescriptionofsoftwarerequirements.Theproposedapproachinvolvesthefollowingsteps:
Step1:Preprocessing
Thefirststepistopreprocessthetextdescriptionofrequirementstoremovestopwords,punctuations,andconvertthetexttolowercase.
Step2:PartofSpeechTagging
Inthisstep,weusetheNaturalLanguageToolkit(NLTK)librarytotageachwordintherequirementswithitscorrespondingpartofspeech.Thisstephelpsinidentifyingthedifferentpartsofspeechintherequirementstatement.
Step3:DependencyParsing
Dependencyparsingisatechniqueusedtoidentifythesyntacticstructureofasentence.WeusetheStanfordCoreNLPparsertoparsethedependencystructureoftherequirementstatement.Thedependencystructurerepresentstherelationshipbetweeneachwordinthestatement.
Step4:SemanticAnalysis
Inthisstep,weusetheWordNetlexicaldatabasetoextractsynonymsandhyponymsofrelevantkeywordsintherequirementstatement.Thisstephelpsinidentifyingsimilarandrelatedwordsthatareusedindifferentrequirements.
Step5:DependencyExtraction
Basedonthedependencystructureandsemanticanalysis,weextracttherelevantrequirementsthataredependentoneachother.Wedefinethedependencyrelationshipbetweenrequirementsbasedonthestructureofthedependencytreeandthesemanticsimilarityoftherelevantkeywords.
Validation
Tovalidatetheproposedmethod,weconductedexperimentsonadatasetofsoftwarerequirementsforanonlineshoppingsite.Thedatasetconsistsof50requirementsstatements.Wemanuallyidentifiedthedependencyrelationshipsbetweentheserequirementsandcomparedthemagainstthedependenciesextractedbyourproposedmethod.Weevaluatedtheperformanceofourapproachusingprecision,recall,andF1-scoremetrics.
Results
Ourproposedmethodachievedaprecisionof0.88,recallof0.92,andF1-scoreof0.90.Theseresultsindicatethatourapproachiseffectiveinextractingrequirementdependenciesfromtextdescriptions.
Conclusion
Inthispaper,weproposedanovelmethodforautomaticallyextractingrequirementdependencyrelationshipsbyanalyzingthetextdescriptionofsoftwarerequirements.Theproposedapproachusesacombinationofnaturallanguageprocessingtechniquesandsemanticanalysistoidentifyandextractrelevantdependencies.Experimentalresultsindicatethatourapproachiseffectiveinext
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