老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第一编教材回眸Unit12CultureShock北师大版

Unit12CultureShock晨起第一事背诵经典句1．Travelersgetusedtolivingindifferentclimatesandcultures.旅行者习惯在不同的气候和不同的文化中生活。2．Thedeclineofliteratureindicatesthedeclineofanation;thetwokeepintheirdownwardtendency.文学的衰落表明一个民族的衰落。这两者走下坡路的时候是齐头并进的。3．TravelingChina'sSilkRoadisajourneyintoChina'sancienthistoryanddiverseculturequiteunlikeanyother.穿越中国的丝绸之路是一次与众不同的探寻中国古代历史和多元文化的旅程。4．Iintendnomodificationofmyhope—expressedpersonalwishthatallmeneverywherecouldbefree.我无意改变时常表达的个人愿望：愿天下所有的人都能自由。Ⅰeq\a\vs4\al(核心单词)(1)apology(n.)道歉，认错→apologize(vi.)道歉(2)expectation(n.)预期，期待的事物→expect(vt.)希望，期望(3)exchange(vt.)交换，兑换→exchangeable(adj.)可兑换的，可替代的(4)wander(vi.)漫游，闲逛→wanderer(n.)流浪者(5)majority(n.)大半，大多数→major(adj.)大多数的(n.)主修科目(6)anyhow(adv.)总之，反正；不管怎样→anyway(adv.)(同义词)总之；不管怎样(7)reasonable(adj.)合理的，正当的→reason(n.)理由，道理→reasonably(adv.)适度地，相当地→reasoned(adj.)合乎逻辑的(8)indicate(vt.)表明；表示→indication(n.)迹象；指示→indicative(adj.)指示的；象征的(9)curiously(adv.)奇怪地；好奇地→curious(adj.)求知欲强的；好奇的；稀奇古怪的→curiosity(n.)好奇心；珍品(10)movement(n.)动作；活动→move(vt.)移动，活动→moveable(adj.)可移动的，活动的→moved(adj.)激动的，感动的(11)request(n.)请求→require(vt.)(同义词)需要；要求→requirement(n.)需要；要求(12)familiar(adj.)熟悉的，常见的→familiarity(n.)熟悉，精通→familiarly(adv.)亲昵地(13)arrival(n.)达到，抵达→arrive(vi.)到达(14)cautious(adj.)小心翼翼的，谨慎的→cautiously(adv.)谨慎地→cautiousness(n.)小心，谨慎(15)stare(vi.)盯着看，凝视→glance(vi.)(同义词)匆匆一瞥→glare(vi.)(同义词)怒视(16)appetite(n.)食欲，胃口(17)injure(vt.)伤害→injury(n.)伤，伤害→injured(adj.)受伤的(18)belong(vi.)适应，属于→belonging(n.)附属品(19)attach(vt.)喜欢，依恋；系，固定→attachable(adj.)可附上的，可连接的→attached(adj.)附属的，归属的→attachment(n.)附属，附件(20)export(vt.)出口，输出→exportation(n.)输出，出口(21)fond(adj.)喜爱的；喜欢的(22)bear(vt.)容忍；携带→bearable(adj.)可忍受的(23)unfair(adj.)不公平的→fair(adj.)(反义词)公平的→fairness(n.)公平(24)forgive(vt.)宽恕，饶恕→forgivable(adj.)可饶恕的，可宽恕的→forgiveness(n.)宽恕，饶恕(25)addition(n.)相加，增加物→add(vt.)增加→additional(adj.)添加的，附加的，额外的→additionally(adv.)此外，另外Ⅱeq\a\vs4\al(阅读单词)(1)tip(n.)小费；小建议(2)tasty(adj.)美味的(3)laughter(n.)笑，大笑，笑声→laugh(vi.)笑，大笑→laughable(adj.)可笑的(4)manners(n.)礼貌(5)novel(n.)小说→story(n.)(同义词)故事，(短篇)小说(6)lift(n.)搭车(7)aspect(n.)方面(8)outgoing(adj.)友好的，乐于交友的，外向的(9)spoken(adj.)口头的，口语的→written(adj.)(反义词)书面的(10)conduct(vt.)指挥；实施(11)earthquake(n.)地震(12)outdoors(adv.)户外地，在户外，在野外→indoors(adv.)户内(13)literature(n.)文学→literary(adj.)文学的(14)contrary(adj.)相反的(15)minority(n.)少数；少数民族→minor(adj.)较少的[单句语法填空]1.Wewouldliketoofferour(apologize)forthedelaytoyourflighttoday.答案：apologies2．Sheseemedtotally(absorb)inherbook.答案：absorbed3．Weareconfidentinour(expect)ofafullrecovery.答案：expectation4．Theygotusedto(wander)throughthestreetsarm－in－arm.答案：wandering5．The(major)ofmypatientscometomefromthelocation.答案：majority6．Itis(reason)toassumethatheknewbeforehandthatthiswouldhappen.答案：reasonable7．Sheobservedthegentle(move)ofhischestashebreathed.答案：movement8．Thewomanintheshopwaslookingatthem(curious)．答案：curiously9．Theyrequestedthatwe(send)adelegationtotheircountry.答案：(should)send10．His(arrive)atthisconclusionwastheresultofmuchthought.答案：arrival1．以－ious结尾的词①curious好奇的②precious宝贵的③cautious谨慎的④anxious忧虑的⑤previous前面的，以前的⑥delicious美味的⑦glorious光荣的⑧contagious传染性的⑨specious似是而非的⑩spacious宽敞的2．表“笑”的家族①laugh大笑②smile微笑③titter窃笑，傻笑④chortle咯咯笑⑤grin露齿笑⑥ridicule嘲笑⑦smirk得意地笑1．getusedto习惯于2．wanderthrough闲逛3．themajorityof大多数4．gocamping去宿营5．can'tstanddoingsth无法忍受做某事6．can'taffordtodosth抽不出时间/拿不出金钱做某事7．stareat凝视8．seesboff给某人送行9．insistondoingsth坚持做某事10．beattachedto依恋；爱慕11．lookoutfor小心；当心12．take...seriously认真对待……13．contraryto与……相反14．givesbalift让某人搭车15．bringanendto结束……16．wayoflife生活方式[选词填空]wanderthrough,themajorityof,can'tstand,stareat,see...off,insiston,(be)attachedto,take...seriously,contraryto,give...alift1．Whycan'tyoueveranything？答案：take;seriously2．Thisviewistheaimsofcriticalsocialresearchforanumberofreasons.答案：contraryto3．Ilivinginthisdirtyhouse.答案：can'tstand4．We'vegrownverythishouse.答案：attachedto5．foreignnationalsworkingherehaveworkpermits.答案：Themajorityof6．Idon'tknowwhytheyalwaysthewoods.答案：wanderthrough7．her,Ididn'tknowwhattosay.答案：Staringat8．YesterdayImyfriendsatthestation.答案：saw;off9．Ipayingformyshareofthemeal.答案：insistedon10．Ifyouwanttogobackhome,Icanyou.答案：give;alift1．常用复合介词①contraryto与……相反②frombehind从……背后③fromunder从……之下④inside在……内⑤outside在……之外⑥within在……之内⑦without没有⑧into进入⑨onto……之上⑩outof……之外⑪accordingto根据……⑫apartfrom除……之外⑬asaresultof由于，因为⑭asfor/to至于，关于⑮becauseof因为⑯dueto由于⑰inadditionto除……之外(还)⑱infrontof在……前面⑲fromamong从……之中⑳inspiteof尽管eq\o(○,\s\up3(21))insteadof代替eq\o(○,\s\up3(22))owingto由于2．表示“无法忍受”的短语①can'tstanddoingsth②can'tbeardoingsth③befedupwith④can'tenduretodosth⑤can'ttoleratedoingsth课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.WhenIfirstarrivedinSanFrancisco,IhadadifficulttimeunderstandingcertainaspectsoftheAmericanwayofdoingthings.刚到旧金山时，有段时间我感到很难理解某些美国人处事的方式。(P40)haveadifficulttime(in)doingsth“做某事有难度”Shepersuadinghimtoacceptthejob.她好不容易劝说他接受了那份工作。2.Itissaidthattherearemorethan200differentkinds！据说有200多种不同种类的蛇！(P47)Itissaidthat...“据说……”Tomhascomebackfromabroad.据说，汤姆已从国外回来了。答案：1.hadadifficulttime2.Itissaidthat①absorbvt.理解，掌握；吸收(P36)(1)单句语法填空①(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.②Thetimberexpandsasit(absorb)moisturefromtheatmosphere.答案：①Absorbed②absorbs(2)单句写作Bequiet,children;Ithemathematicalexercises.安静些，孩子们，我正专心做数学题呢。答案：amabsorbedin(1)beabsorbedin全神贯注于，专心致志于absorb...into...把……并入；吸收(2)absorbableadj.可吸收的，容易吸收的(3)absorbedadj.被吸收的；全神贯注的②majorityn.大半，大多数(P36)(1)单句语法填空①ThemajoritypeopleinterviewedpreferEnglishtophysics.②Themajorityofstudentswillingtotakepartinsportsactivities.答案：①of②are(2)单句写作Thebillwasapprovedby.这项法案得到了绝大多数人的支持。答案：alargemajority(1)a/themajorityof...大多数……beinthe/amajority构成大部分/大多数(2)majorn.主修科目；专业v.主修adj.主要的majorin主修……；以……为专业(3)minorityn.少数；少数民族beinthe/aminority占少数eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)the/amajorityof＋名词，表示“大多数……”。谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。③indicatevt.表明，表示(P38)(1)单句语法填空①Research(indicate)thatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalary.②Theincreaseslowedto0.4percent,possibly(indicate)thestartofadowntrend.答案：①indicates②indicating(2)单句写作Takingacareerhistoryalongwithyouwillbeyouarewellorganized.随身携带履历表，这能清楚表明你做事很有条理。答案：aclearindicationthatindicatethat...表明……indicationn.指示；象征；表明④requestn.请求vt.请求，要求(P39)(1)单句语法填空①Sherequestedhim(go)withher.②Sherequestedthatthedoortoherroom(leave)open.答案：①togo②(should)beleft(2)单句写作ThestudywasdonetheChairman.这项研究是应主席要求进行的。答案：attherequestof(1)requestsbtodosth请求某人做某事requestthat...(should)dosth请求……Itisrequestedthat...(should)dosth据要求……(2)makearequestfor/that...请求；要求……atsb'srequest＝attherequestofsb应某人之要求⑤familiaradj.熟悉的，常见的(P40)(1)单句语法填空①Thesmellisveryfamiliareveryonewholivesnearabakery.②Areyoufamiliarthecomputersoftwaretheyareusing?答案：①to②with(2)单句改错Methodsofteachingthestudentsarefamiliarwithourteachers.答案：with→tosbbefamiliarwithsth某人对某物很熟悉sthbefamiliartosb某物为某人所熟悉⑥cautiousadj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的(P40)(1)单句语法填空①Sheisverycautioushurtinghisfeelings.②(cautious),hemovedhimselfintoanuprightposition.答案：①about②Cautiously(2)单句写作Wemustproceed.我们行事必须极为谨慎。答案：withgreatcaution(1)becautiousabout小心某事，对……很谨慎(2)withgreatcaution极为小心(3)cautiouslyadv.谨慎地，小心地⑦attachvt.喜欢，依恋；系，固定(P42)(1)单句语法填空①Thehospital(attach)tothatuniversity.②Peoplealwaysattachimportancetheeducationoftheirchildren.答案：①isattached②to(2)单句写作Thewrittendirectionsthetool.这个工具附带有使用说明书。答案：areattachedto(1)attach...to...把……固定到/附/贴在……上attachimportance/significance/valueto认为……重要/有意义/有价值attachoneselftosb与某人在一起；缠着/依恋某人(2)attachedadj.依恋的；附加的(be)attachedto附属于；依恋⑧bearvt.携带，容忍(P42)(1)单句语法填空①Theshelf,tooweak(bear)allthebooks,collapsed.②Bearmindthatsomechildrenwillneedhelp.答案：①tobear②in(2)单句写作IpeoplewhileI'meating.我无法忍受在我吃饭时有人抽烟。答案：can'tbear;smokingbearsthinmind牢记某事bear/keepinmindthat...记住……can'tbeardoingsth无法忍受做某事can'tbearsbdoingsth无法忍受某人做某事⑨forgivevt.宽恕，饶恕(P42)(1)单句语法填空①Forgivemeinterrupting,butIreallydon'tagreewiththat.②I(forgive)youthemomentyousaidit.答案：①for②forgave(2)单句写作comingsolate.原谅我来这么晚。答案：Forgivemeforforgivesbforsth因为某事而原谅某人forgiveandforget不念旧恶，不记某人的仇①getusedto习惯于(P36)(1)单句语法填空①Theforeignstudentcouldnotgetusedto(eat)thestrangefood.②Thegirlusedto(be)shy,butisgraduallygettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.答案：①eating②be(2)单句写作Yougetusedtoyouractionsothers.你习惯了在别人的指导下行动。答案：having;directedby(1)be/become/getusedto(doing)sth＝be/become/getaccustomedto(doing)sth习惯于(做)某事(2)beusedtodosth被用来做某事(3)usedtodosth过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了)eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)在get/beusedto表“习惯于”时，to是介词，后跟动名词或名词、代词，而不能跟不定式；作“被用来做某事”时，to是不定式的标志，后跟动词原形。②wanderthrough闲逛(P36)(1)单句语法填空①Sheisalways(wander)throughalltheshopsalldaylong.②Herthoughtswanderedbackheryouth.答案：①wandering②to(2)单句写作Shewasfoundthestreets.有人发现她独自在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡。答案：wanderaimlesslyaroundwanderaround在……游荡，转来转去wanderbackto回想到wanderaway/off偏离(正道)；走失③can'tstand无法忍受/容忍(P37)(1)单句语法填空①Well,wecannotstand(hear)suchfallaciesanymore.②Howdoyoustandhim(be)hereallthetime?答案：①hearing②being(2)单句写作Ican'tallthetime.他老是打岔，真让我受不了。答案：standhiminterrupting表示“无法容忍”的短语还有：can'tendure,can'tbear。④seesboff为某人送行(P40)(1)单句语法填空①InChineseculture,ifyourfriendswanttoleave,youshouldseethem.②Canyouseetothatthee­mailgoesthisafternoon?答案：①off②it(2)单句写作It'sgoodmannersforaChinesehis/herguest.对于中国人来说，送客人是有礼貌的。答案：tosee;offseethrough看透，识破；做完(某项工作)seetosb/sth照料；处理seetoitthat...确保/保证……⑤insiston坚持做某事(P40)(1)单句语法填空①Sheinsistedon(be)presentatalltheinterviews.②Sheinsistedthatshe(accompany)herhusbandtotheparty.答案：①being②(should)accompany(2)单句写作Sinceshe，Ihadtogivein.既然她坚持要单独去，我只好依从她了。答案：insistedongoingaloneinsiston/upon坚持；强调insistthat...坚持……eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)动词insist作为及物动词，后跟从句；当insist意为“坚持主张/坚决要求”时，从句要用“should＋v.”结构的虚拟语气，should可以省略；作“坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。⑥contraryto与……相反(P42)(1)单句语法填空①Contrarywhatyoumightthink,neithermanwasangry.②—Itmusthavebeenterrible.—thecontrary,Ienjoyedeveryminute.答案：①to②On(2)单句写作Canyoubeartohearanyopinions？你能耐心听不同意见吗？答案：contrarytoyoursonthecontrary与此相反，正相反tothecontrary相反的⑦take...seriously认真对待……(P42)(1)单句语法填空①Wetakemistakesofthiskindvery(serious)．②(take)thisseriouslywillmakeyoutakesomedetours.答案：①seriously②Taking(2)单句写作Youmusttakethewholeprojectifyouaretosucceed.如果你想成功的话，你必须更认真地对待整个项目。答案：moreseriouslytakeaction采取行动takeone'sadvice接受某人的建议takeaway拿走take...bysurprise突然袭击takemeasures采取措施take...for误以为①[教材原句]IthinkI'mstillexperiencingcultureshock.我觉得自己还在经历文化冲击。(P36)(1)单句语法填空①Recently,thepriceofvegetables(rise)．②They(study)atschool,sotheyoftenlistentoChineserecordings.答案：①isrising②arestudying(2)单句写作Don'ttakethatbookaway;yourfather.不要把书拿走，你爸爸在用。答案：isusingitbe＋v.－ing表状态，不一定是正在发生。eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)现在进行时表状态与一般现在时表状态的区别是：前者侧重一段时间以来一直存在的状态；而一般现在时常指现在的一种事实。②[教材原句]Iwishyourvisitwasn'tgoingtobesobriefbutthere'salotwecandoandseeinaweek.我希望您的来访时间不会这么短，但是一周内我们有很多事情可以做，许多地方可以参观。(P36)(1)单句语法填空①Iwishyou(notleave)yourclothesalloverthefloor.②Idowishthatyou(notsay)thattoyourparents.答案：①wouldn'tleave②hadn'tsaid(2)单句改错Doyouwish(that)youhaveabetterjob?答案：have→hadwish＋虚拟语气的宾语从句eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)wish跟宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。另外，wish也可以跟复合结构作宾语，即wishsbtodosth以及不定式作宾语，即wishtodosth。③[教材原句]Decidewheretogoonholidaywithafriend.决定与朋友到哪儿去度假。(P39)(1)单句语法填空①Haveyoudeterminedtogoforyourholiday,HainanorQingdao?②Ihavenoideatodowiththiscomplicatedmatter.答案：①where②what(2)单句写作IknowtheCentralHospital,butIdon'tknowwhichbustotake.我知道如何去中心医院，但是我不知道该乘哪辆公共汽车。答案：howtogoto“疑问词＋不定式(短语)”在句中作宾语。eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。(1)在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。(2)whynot后加不定式时，省略不定式符号to。(3)whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。④[教材原句]IhadasimilarexperiencethelasttimeIvisitedChina.上次我到中国参观时也有过同样的经历。(P40)(1)单句语法填空lasttimeIsawKate,shewasdoingresearchonwildanimals.答案：The(2)单句写作shesawhimatthestation,sherememberedhisimage.她第一次在车站见到他，就记住了他的形象。答案：Thefirsttime(3)单句改错YoucanbringTomhereforthenexttimeyoucome.答案：去掉for“the＋序数词＋time”引导时间状语从句eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)除“the＋序数词＋time”可引导时间状语从句外，“the＋表时间的名词(minute,second等)”以及副词immediately,instantly和directly也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。⑤[教材原句]Whathedidwasamazing.他所做的事令人吃惊。(P40)(1)单句语法填空①mattersformostscientistsismoneyandfacilities.②Whatthecountryneedsmost(be)wiseleadership.答案：①What②is(2)单句改错Whathesaysandactsdoesn'tagree.答案：doesn't→don'twhat引导名词性从句作主语。eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)当what引导名词性从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词多用单数。若what引导的从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句谓语用复数。⑥[教材原句]Ican'tbearthewaythenativeAustralianshavebeentreated.我不能忍受对待澳大利亚土著人的那种方式。(P42)(1)单句语法填空①Iwasimpressedbythewaywhichshedidit.②ThewayAmericanhistoryistaughtmaychangeinordertoaccommodatesomemoreofthosecultures.答案：①in②(that/inwhich)(2)单句改错Didyounoticethewaywhichsheavoidedmakingeyecontactwithuswhileshetalked?答案：which前加in或去掉which或which→thattheway＋(that/inwhich)＋定语从句eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)根据定语从句的句法规则，inwhich在定语从句中作方式状语时，inwhich也可使用that代替，或者省略引导词。根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DearAuntMei，Howtimeflies!Ithasbeen6monthssinceIcamehere.Ioweyouanapologyfornot1(write)toyoumoreoften.I'vebeenbusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme,forI'mstillexperiencingcultureshock.I'm2(delight)thatyouwillvisitmesoonandI'lltellyousomethingaboutLondon,3isaninternationalcitywithmanyinternationalrestaurantsandatleastoneChineserestaurantinalmosteverytown.Youaresupposedtogetused4thetippingsystemhere.Isuggest5(leave)10%ofthebillforthewaiterorwaitress.Asformoney,youcangetsometraveller'scheques,foritiseasy6(exchange)thematbanksorhotels.AsfarasI'mconcerned,weshouldconsiderstayingintheEnglishcountrysidefor7fewnightssoastoenjoyhikingandtastesomemushrooms.Inaddition,remembertobringawarmcoatbecauseitcangetprettycoldand8(fog)here.Onelastthing,the9(major)ofBritishpeoplearefriendly,sothereisnoneedtoworryabouthow10(get)alongwiththem.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.答案：1.writing2.delighted3.which4.to5.leaving6.toexchange7.a8.foggy9.majority10.togetⅠ.单句语法填空1．Ayoungwomaniscomingtowardsus,(hold)aredbaginherhand.答案：holdinghold的逻辑主语是Ayoungwoman，且hold表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词在句中作方式状语。2．(do)hishomework,hewentoutforawalkyesterday.答案：Havingdonedo的逻辑主语是he，且do表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语。3．OurEnglishteacherisalwayssayingtousthatweshouldoftenpractice(speak)ourEnglish,especiallyouroralEnglish.答案：speakingpracticedoingsth“练习……”，practice后接v.­ing形式作宾语。4．—Doyoulike(play)basketballorfootball?—Football.答案：playing由句意可知，此处表示喜欢做某事，指长期的爱好，而非某一具体的、一时的爱好，故用playing。5．Thismark(indicate)thathehasstudiedharderrecently.答案：indicates主语为Thismark，且在陈述目前的情况，故用一般现在时。6．Theyrequestedthatwe(turn)upbefore10：00.答案：(should)turnrequest“要求”，其后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气“should＋do”，should可省略。7．Theforeignerdidn'tknowwhyhisChinesefriendinsistedonseeinghimattheairport.答案：offseesboff“(到机场、火车站等)给某人送行”，为固定搭配。8．Aterribleearthquakehappenedlastnight,(cause)manyinjuries.答案：causingcause的逻辑主语是Aterribleearthquake，且cause所表示的动作与happened同时发生，故用causing作结果状语。9．Itseems(fair)forhimtopayforeverything.答案：unfair由句意可知，此处表示“不公平”，再结合设空前的seems可知，此处填形容词unfair。10．I(forgive)him,sowewerefriendsagain.答案：forgave由后一分句中使用一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时，描述过去发生的动作。Ⅱ.单句写作1．I'mquitesorrythatIforgot(关灯)whenIlefttheoffice.答案：toturnoffthelight(s)2．Thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroomimmediatelythebellrang,(谈笑着)．答案：talkingandlaughing3．SoonthoseforeignerseatingChinesefood.不久，那些外国人都习惯了吃中国菜。答案：gotusedto4．那些女生喜欢业余时间逛商店。(wanderthrough)答案：Thosegirlsenjoywanderingthroughshopsintheirsparetime.5．他们需要的是两张书桌和一条板凳。答案：Whattheyneedaretwodesksandabench.Ⅲ.语法填空Inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughly,fourthingsarenecessary.Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearit1(speak).Secondly,wemustbeabletospeakit2(correct)withconfidenceandwithouthesitation.Thirdly,wemustbeabletoreadthelanguage,andfourthly,wemustbeabletowriteit.Wemustbeabletomakesentences3aregrammaticallycorrect.Thereisnoeasyway4(get)successinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisofgreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorize5(rule)fromagrammarbook.Itisnouse6(learn)byheartlonglistsofwordsandtheir7(mean),studyingthedictionaryandsoon.Wemustlearnbyusingthelanguage.Ifwearesatisfied8onlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.“Learnthroughuse”9(be)agoodpieceofadviceforthosewhoarestudying10newlanguage.Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述透彻地了解一门外语需要四个步骤并说明学外语要有很好的记忆力，而记忆力是在语言使用和实践过程中获得的。1．spoken考查非谓语动词。句中hear的宾语it代指前面的language，与speak之间为被动关系，应用speak的过去分词spoken。故填spoken。2．correctly考查词性转换。修饰动词speak，用副词，故填correctly。3．that/which考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词sentences，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。4．toget考查非谓语动词。thereisnowaytodosth“没有办法做某事”，为固定句式。故填toget。5．rules考查名词。前文没有冠词而rule是可数名词，所以应用其复数rules。故填rules。6．learning考查非谓语动词。Itisnouse＋doingsth“做某事没有用”，为固定搭配。故填learning。7．meaning/meanings考查词性转换。their后面用名词形式，mean的名词为meaning既可作可数也可作不可数。故填meaning/meanings。8．with考查介词。besatisfiedwith“对……感到满意”，为固定短语。故填with。9．is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。“Learnthroughuse”是一种方法、建议，看作单数，根据上下文可知用一般现在时。故填is。10．a考查冠词。后文language为单数，这里泛指“一门新语言”，且new的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。Ⅳ.短文改错MyfriendFrankisoneofthemostamazingpeoplesIhaveevermet.Hejustneverseemedtosufferfromanykindofstress,evenwhenhefacesunexpecteddifficulties.Toeveryone'ssurprised,hehasneverfailedanexam.Frankbelievesthatexamsarejustexamsbutthatitisunnecessaryworryaboutthemallthetime.HeisanoptimisticpersonbynatureandIrealadmirehiswayofthinking.ThatmakesmeashamedisthatIamalwaysnervousfacingtheexams.Foranexample,Icannotconcentratetomystudiesbeforetheexams.Itistimetolearnfromhernow.答案：MyfriendFrankisoneofthemostamazingeq\o(peoples,\s\do8(①people))Ihaveevermet.Hejustnevereq\o(seemed,\s\do8(②seems))tosufferfromanykindofstress,evenwhenhefacesunexpecteddifficulties.Toeveryone'seq\o(surprised,\s\do8(③surprise))，hehasneverfailedanexam.Frankbelievesthatexamsarejustexamseq\o(but,\s\do8(④and))thatitisunnecessaryeq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑤to))worryaboutthemallthetime.HeisanoptimisticpersonbynatureandIeq\o(real,\s\do8(⑥really))admirehiswayofthinking.eq\o(That,\s\do8(⑦What))makesmeashamedisthatIamalwaysnervousfacingtheexams.Foreq\o(eq\o(an,＼),\s\do9(⑧))example,Icannotconcentrateeq\o(to,\s\do8(⑨on))mystudiesbeforetheexams.Itistimetolearnfromeq\o(her,\s\do8(⑩him))now.1．peoples→people考查名词。此处people指的是“人们”，没有复数形式。故将peoples改为people。2．seemed→seems考查动词的时态。本文讲述的是作者朋友弗兰克的一般情况，因此应用一般现在时。故将seemed改为seems。3．surprised→surprise考查固定搭配。toone'ssurprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”。故将surprised改为surprise。4．but→and考查连词。本句believe后面含有两个that引导的宾语从句，从句意来看，这两个宾语从句属于并列关系，不是转折关系，因此这里应该用and连接。故将but改为and。5．unnecessary后加to考查固定搭配。本句考查it＋be＋形容词＋todosth句型。故在unnecessary后加to。6．real→really考查副词。这里应使用副词，修饰动词admire。故将real改为really。7．That→What考查主语从句的引导词。makesmeashamed从句缺少主语，因此应用what引导主语从句，that引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，不做成分，故将That改为What。8．去掉example前的an考查固定搭配。forexample意为“例如”。故去掉example前的an。9．to→on考查介词。concentrateonsth意为“集中精力于某事”。故将to改为on。10．her→him考查代词。从上下文看，作者谈论的是其朋友弗兰克，且前面均用的是he，因此这里属于人称指代错误。故将her改为him。课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere­bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel's“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow？”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideo­grapher,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst­namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself­reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology，”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜欢独自一人吃饭，他们喜欢这种独处带来的自由。1．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Foodvariety. B．Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners. D．Restaurantservice.答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭，一起吃晚饭的数据可推知，这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行了调查。故选B。2．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Bechtel(贝克特尔)更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间。故选C。3．WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D．He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.答案：D推理判断题。根据题干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段第一、二句，其中“beonafirst­namebasis”的意思是“关系好，可以直呼其名”，由此可推知，他与酒吧老板很熟。故选D。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportanceofself­reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.答案：A主旨大意题。根据第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的数据以及最后一段第一句再次提及的“eatalone”可知，本文主要说明了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势。故选A。B(2020·江苏高考)Sometimesit'shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry'spast—age­oldcastles,splendidhomes...andredphoneboxes.Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherinjunkyards(废品场),thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepairshopsorevendefibrillatormachines(除颤器)．Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.TheyweredesignedbyGilesGilbertScott,thearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationinLondon.AfterbecominganimportantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.Aboutthattime,TonyInglis'engineeringandtransportcompanygotthejobtoremovephoneboxesfromthestreetsandsellthemout.ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,withtheideaofrepairingandsellingthem.Hesaidthathehadheardthecallstopreservetheboxesandhadseenhowsomeofthemwerelistedashistoricbuildings.AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetake