2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译

...wd......wd......wd...@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.32.Thephrase“flaggedup〞(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto______.[A]found[B]revised[C]marked[D]stored33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay______.[A]poseathreattoallitspeers[B]meetwithstrongopposition[C]increaseScience’scirculation[D]setanexampleforotherjournals34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow______.[A]addstoresearchers’workload[B]diminishestheroleofreviewers[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?______.[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers[B]ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScienceText4Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions〞.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism〞insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit〞.Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousowngoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.〞ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby______.theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanismcompanies’financiallossduetoimmoralpracticesgovernmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues5@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutionsItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that______.GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.TheauthorbelievestheRebekahBrooks’sdefense______.[A]revealedacunningpersonality[B]centeredontrivialissues[C]washardlyconvincing[D]waspartofaconspiracy39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows______.[A]generallydistortedvalues[B]unfairwealthdistribution[C]amarginalizedlifestyle[D]arigidmoralcodeWhichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?______.Thequalityofwritingisofprimaryimportance.Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)__________.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)___________.Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true〞meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43)___________.Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)___________.Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit,(45)_________.Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelyto6@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一differconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeanings,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstanceabouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.SectionⅢTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.But,inevitably,theforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysubsistedonmeagerrations.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtinterminabledelay.TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonechronicler,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.〞Thecolonists’first7@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一glimpseofthenewlandwasavistaofdensewoods.(50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.SectionⅣWritingPartA51.Directions:Youaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing〞instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethedrawingbriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)8@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题参考答案SectionIUseofEnglish(10points)1.ABCD2.ABCD3.ABCD4.ABCD5.ABCD6.ABCD7.ABCD8.ABCD9.ABCD10.ABCD11.ABCD12.ABCD13.ABCD14.ABCD15.ABCD16.ABCD17.ABCD18.ABCD19.ABCD20.ABCDSectionIIReadingComprehension(50points)PartA(40points)21.ABCD22.ABCD23.ABCD24.ABCD25.ABCD26.ABCD27.ABCD28.ABCD29.ABCD30.ABCD31.ABCD32.ABCD33.ABCD34.ABCD35.ABCD36.ABCD37.ABCD38.ABCD39.ABCD40.ABCDPartB(10points)41.ABCDEFG42.ABCDEFG43.ABCDEFG44.ABCDEFG45.ABCDEFGSectionIIITranslation(15points)这次由各种强烈动机驱动的人口迁移运动在一片荒芜中创造了一个国家，而其荒无人烟的本质也让这次人口迁移塑造了这个无人涉足过的大陆的品格和命运。美国是两种主要力量的产物——具有不同思想、风俗和民族特征的诸多欧洲民族的移入和改进了这些特质的新国家的影响。但是，美国特有的地理环境的作用力、各种不同群体之间的相互影响以及在这个荒芜的新大陆维系旧大陆生活方式的困难性引起了美国这个新兴国家天翻地覆的变化。在15、16世纪探索北美大陆的100多年后，首批满载移民的航船穿越大西洋驶向那片大陆，即如今的美国。这片树木数量丰富、品种繁多的原始森林着实是一个宝库，它从缅因州一路延伸至乔治亚州。SectionⅣWriting(25points)略〔详见@大师兄英语真题解析及全文翻译、考研英语真题音视频讲解〕@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题试题解析SectionIUseofEnglish大师兄英语点评：2015年英语一完形是一篇名为“DNAofFriendship:StudyFindsWeareGeneticallyLinkedtoOurFriends〞的文章，该文讲述的是朋友之间有相似基因，并且他们的嗅觉基因也相似这一研究发现。本文与原文的一致性很强，命题人没有删除任何段落。文章难度不大，多以词汇题为主。1.【D】语法题。从第一个空格到最后整个句子是表语从句。主句和其中表语从句缺少连接代词，A、B、C项均为连接副词。只有D项为连接代词。2.【B】句意判断。第一句为本文的论点，而从后面的内容看该论点是一项研究得出的结论。选择选择B项。A项“防御；辩护〞；C项“撤回；取钱〞。3.【C】介词搭配。根据句意：这份研究是对1932位独特个体实施的全基因组分析研究。表示“在…身上〞用介词on。选择C项。4.【A】句意判断。根据该研究的结论“朋友间有1%的基因是一样的〞，以及此题后面的“unrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers〞可知，此这是份研究“比照〞朋友间和陌生人间的基因发现的结论。选择A项。5.【C】词汇题。这些实验对象被分为“无血缘关系的朋友〞和“无血缘关系的陌生人〞两个“样本〞。6.【A】句意判断。根据后面“itisnotsotoageneticist〞〔但对于一个遗传学家来说并不这样〕可知A项“微缺乏道〞最符合题意。C项和D项属于同义词“令人难以置信的〞，与A项意思相反。7.【D】句意判断。本句意思是“大局部人甚至都他们的第四代表亲，但总能选择我们亲人的人为友〞这两个空有一定的关联性和逻辑性。A项“参观〞；B项“想念〞；C项“寻求〞；D项“知道〞。只有D项最符合句意。8.【A】句意判断。根据上一题和本文所阐述的“朋友间有1%的相似基因〞这个论点可知。“我们选择的朋友与我们的亲人〞A项“相似〞；B项“影响〞；C项“更喜欢〞；D项“超越〞。选择A项。9.【B】本文开头的论点是一个发现，而本句又出现了一个发现，只有B项“也〞符合逻辑。10.【D】句意判断。根据前面的一句“...difficulttoexplain〞以及后面给出的解释，可判断，这是作者的猜想。只有D项“也许〞符合题意。11.【B】介词判断。前一句的意思是“这种相似性能将我们引至同样的环境之中〞，这是研究团队就朋友间为什么有一样嗅觉基因给出的一个解释，从后面一句“可能有许多机制……〞可知，作者认为“对此〞的解释还有很多，只有B项介词to有表示“对此，对〞的意思。12.【A】根据下文可知，有许多机制“驱使〞我们选择基因相近的人为友。B项“观察〞。13.【B】整个句子是作者解释为什么朋友间有一样嗅觉基因，前半句说因为有很多机制驱使人们选择基因相似的人为友，根据逻辑判断，后面的“functionalkinship〞应该不是择友所需的，所以选择B项“而不是〞。14.【D】句意判断。根据前文中“functionalkinship〞〔起作用的朋友关系〕，可知交友为了D项“利益〞。15.【C】词汇题。选项中有两对反义词，根据题意，首先排除A和D。再根据下文中“pickedpace〞可知，此处应为C项“较快的〞。16.【C】根据语意。空格后面是一个why引导的宾语从句，意为“人类进化在过去三万年间得以加速的原因〞。能与这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有C项understand。A项forecast“预测〞与“过去三万年〞相矛盾，B选项remember“记住〞和D选项“express〞均不符合文意。17.【B】该句的前半局部说到“人类进化在过去3万年中加速了〞，根据题意可知，此处要表达出“社会环境是一种主要的促成性因素〞，所以选择B。18.【D】A项endeavor“努力〞；B项“决定〞；C项“安排〞；D项“倾向〞。本文的讨论的重点是解释人们在交朋友的一种倾向，即选择与自己有相似基因的人为友。因此正确答案为D。19.【C】结合上文，人们普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。因而C项“种族的〞最合题意。20.【A】句意判断。前一句是“尽管所有的研究对象都选自某个有欧洲血统的族群，但研究这还是所有研究对象，互为朋友的人和互为陌生人的人都来自同一族群。〞四个选项中，只有seethat“确保，务必〞1@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一的意思符合。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText1原文标题：IsthewritingonthewallforallEuropeanroyals?来源：TheGuardian〔卫报〕原文链接：HYPERLINK"://theguardian/commentisfree/2014/jun/04/european-royals-juan-carlos-abdication-spain-monarchy-prince-charles"://theguardian/commentisfree/2014/jun/04/european-royals-juan-carlos-abdication-spain-monarchy-prince-charles大师兄英语点评：此文来自英国著名报纸《卫报》，讲述的西班牙国王辞职的事件以及欧洲君主制的缺点和所面临的问题，并提及英国王储查尔斯对君主制的认识，指出其未能认识到君主的真正作用。原文一共10段，命题人对原文局部段落内容进展了删减，本文的难点在于第34题，会有一定的争议，该题需要一定的政治常识。21.【D】第一段第二句话提到“ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown〞〔但是令皇室颜面扫地的丑闻和近期欧洲议会选举中共和左派的失势使他不得不食言，并且走下王位〕。D项中“standdown〞是“endhisreign〞的同义，且“eathiswords〞说明了“embarrassment〞。故D是正确答案。A、B、C项均未提及。22.【A】从第三段最后一句话“mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure〞〔大多数欧洲王室家族得以存续是因为他们能让选民不需要费心去寻找一位无争议且广受尊重的公众人物来取代他们〕可推断出，君主们本身就是“没有争议且受尊敬的人物。〞A项正确。B和C未提及，而根据第三段第一句“Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstate〞〔正是君主这种显然能超越政治的作用才解释了君主作为国家元首一直都受到欢送的原因〕可知D项“永久的政治化身〞错误。23.【B】根据第四段最后一句“itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.〞〔那些有钱的王室家族竟然还能是现代民主国家的象征，这真是奇怪〕可知B项“王室贵族在现代民主国家的角色〞正确。根据第四段第二句“theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.〞〔但正是他们的历史——有时是他们如今的行事方式——表达出了过时的和说不过去的特权和各种不平等〕可知C项错误；A项未提及；而D项并不奇怪。24.【D】答复这题需要一定的政治常识，即：伊丽莎白二世女王仍是的英国君主，查尔斯还尚未继位，所以文中用了“thedangerwillcomewithCharles〞。这句说明英国君主是查尔斯的未来角色。根据第七段第三句“Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controve-rsialandnon-politicalheadsofstate〞〔他没能明白这一点：君主国之所以能存续，很大程度上因为君主们是以无争议无政治倾向的形象担任国家元首的〕可知D项“他未能使自己适应未来的角色〞正确。文中并没未提及有人建议查尔斯怎么样生活，B项错误。A和C未提及。25.【C】本文以Carlos退位的事例讲述君主制的利弊和欧洲君主制面临的问题和所作出的改变，并不是讨论查尔斯的问题。所以B和D排除。而文中也根本未提及A项中Carlos的荣耀，所以错误。Text2原文标题：SupremeCourtshouldbeginlayingoutprivacyprotectionsforsmartphones来源：WashingtonPost原文链接：HYPERLINK"://washingtonpost/opinions/supreme-court-should-begin-laying-out-privacy-protections-for-smartphones/2014/04/28/3266087c-cf1a-11e3-b812-0c92213941f4_story.html"://washingtonpost/opinions/supreme-court-should-begin-laying-out-privacy-protections-for-smartphones/2014/04/28/3266087c-cf1a-11e3-b812-0c92213941f4_story.html大师兄英语点评：本文来自《华盛顿邮报》，讲述是最高法院考虑警察在逮捕嫌犯时能否在没有搜查令的情况下搜查被捕者的手机，以及宪法应保护的个人数字隐私这一更大的问题。命题人对本文处几处单词修改之外，完整保存了原文，非常符合考研大纲的要求。本文最后两段对于考生来讲比拟难理解。题目的难度不大，答案容易在文中找到。26.【B】根据第一段第二句“TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest〞〔联邦最高法院现在将考虑这2@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一个问题：拘捕嫌犯时，如果嫌犯的手机就在他身上或旁边，警察是否可以在没有搜查令的情况下搜查手机里的内容〕可知B项正确。27.【C】根据第四段第一句“TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthat...〞〔他们首先要摒弃加州提出的站不住脚的观点…〕可知，作者的态度是C项“不赞同〞。B项“不关注〞。28.【A】根据第四段第三句“Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome〞〔但查看一个人的手机则更像就如他或者她的家里〕可知A项“进入某人住所〞正确。D项是加州的观点。29.【D】根据第五段第一句“Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy〞〔美国人应当采取措施来保护他们的数字隐私〕和第六段第三句“...andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterased〞〔他们能采取合理措施来确保手机信息不被删除〕可知，作者的顾虑是D项。30.【B】作者引用OrinKerr的比照是为了说明其观点，即第七段第二句“New,disruptivetechnologysometi-mesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections〞〔具有破坏性的新技术有时要求宪法的保护性规定要推陈出新〕。B项“新技术要求对宪法的重新解读〞与作者观点相符。A项“宪法应被灵活地执行〞未提及。D项“宪法原则应当永远不被修改〞与作者观点相反。Text3原文标题：MajorScientificJournalJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapersItPublishes原文链接：HYPERLINK"://scientificamerican/article/major-scientific-journal-joins-push-to-screen-statistics-in-papers-it-publishes1/"://scientificamerican/article/major-scientific-journal-joins-push-to-screen-statistics-in-papers-it-publishes1/大师兄英语点评：本文主要讲述《科学》期刊为提高其论文结果的可复制性而在其论文审查中增加“数据审查〞和建设“数据统计审查编委会〞以及多位人士对此的评价。原文一共9段，命题人删去了最后三段，对本文并不影响。文章和题目的难度不大。31.【B】根据第一段第一句“ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess〞〔《科学》期刊正在向其同行评审程序中增加一轮数据核查〕可知A项“《科学》期刊欲简化其同行评审程序〞错误；根据第二句“Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcern〞〔《科学》随其他采取了类似举措的期刊后推出了这项政策〕可知B项正确。C和D项文中未提及。32.【C】文中原文中句子“Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors〞〔论文的原稿将会被以便作额外审查…〕和前文可知，此处应为“重视，关注〞之意。A项“发现〞；B项“修改〞；C项“标记〞；D项“存储〞，只要C项符合题意。flagup的英文解释为：tobring(something)tosomeone'sattention;pointout使某人注意〔某物〕；指出33.【D】根据第四段最后一句“buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience〞〔也希望能作用于更多的可能会步《科学》后尘而采取同样方法的期刊〕可知D项“为其他期刊树立典范〞意思一致。A、B、C项均未提及。34【.C】根据第六段最后一句“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentifythepapersthatneedscrutinyinthefirstplace...〞〔Vaux说《科学》把一些论文交由数据统计学家审查的这个想法有些优点，但一个缺乏就是《科学》要依赖审查编辑委员会来首先确认哪些论文需要审查〕可知C项“还有改进的地方〞符合题意。其他项并未提及。35.【A】本文主要通过《科学》期刊在其同行评审程序中增加一项数据核查来严格论文审查，并建设了“数据统计审查编委会〞，然后作者引用了Giovanni、JohnIoannidis和Vaux等人对《科学》此举的评价。所以A项“《科学》参加到推进论文数据审查努力中〞最符合题意。B和C项未提及。D项“数据统计学家重返《科学》〞这一点并不是本文重点。Text4原文标题：Asthehackingtrialproves,welackmoralpurposeinpubliclife来源：TheGuardian〔卫报〕原文链接：HYPERLINK"://theguardian/commentisfree/2014/jun/29/as-phone-hacking-trial-proves-we-have-lost"://theguardian/commentisfree/2014/jun/29/as-phone-hacking-trial-proves-we-have-lost-moral-purpose大师兄英语点评：此文也是来自《卫报》，实际上考研英语一和二的很多文章都是来自这份报纸。虽然题目难度中等，但完全理解这篇文章难度很大。本文开头引述传媒大亨默多克女儿伊丽莎白·默多克在爱丁堡国3@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一际电视节上做的主旨演讲的讲话〔但命题人未提及此背景〕，本文主要讲述的新闻集团旗下的《世界新闻报》的窃听丑闻以及新闻行业道德缺失这一更大的问题。原文一共12段，命题人删去了后面6段，对文章的整理理解有一定影响，另外，命题人删去了本文开头的一段背景，让考生不好理解。如果考生对“窃听门事件〞有一定了解，文章就比拟好懂。36.【A】根据第一段第一句中“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions,Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,beca