第8单元-主语的翻译课件

第8单元 主语的翻译广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院李

明 教授 博士1一、课前练笔2023/9/232Extremely

keen

competition

betweenAmerican

and

Japanese

vehiclemanufacturers

in

the

American

market

hascompelled

us

to

bring

down

the

price

for

thetime

being.美国汽车制造商同日本汽车制造商在美国市场上竞争异常激烈，这迫使我方将价格暂时降下来。Banks’

efforts

toward

corporaterestructuring,

such

as

reducing

theiremployees’

high

salaries

and

consolidatingand

eliminating

branches,

are

farfromadequate.各家银行对公司进行了重组，如减少雇员的高工资，整合或撤销不同的分公司等，这些努力，都远远难以奏效。2023/9/233二、翻译方法讲解2023/9/244英语句子主语同汉语句子主语的主要差别在于：（一）“英语较常用物称表达法，即不用人称来叙述，而让事物以客观的口气呈现出来”（连淑能，1993:76），“汉语则较常用人称主语表达，往往注意‘什么人怎么样了’”（连淑能，1993:77-78），如：

Concerns

have

been

raised

over

the

abilityof

Internet

banking

services

to

verify

the

identityof

new

depositors

or

to

guarantee

the

security

of

customer

transactions.译文：就网上银行服务是否有能力证实新存款人的身份或者是否有能力确保客户交易安全这一问题，已经受到人们的高度关注。2023/9/245（二）英语使用“无灵主语”（即使用表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等的名词充当主语），同“有灵动词”（即表示人或社会团体的动作和行为的动词，如see,

find,bring,give,escape,surround,

kill,

deprive,seize,

send,know,

permit,invite,drive等）搭配使用的句式非常之多，相比之下，汉语中则往往将“有灵动词”同表示人称的名词搭配，因为“根据汉人的思维，人或社会团体才有这类有意识、有意志的行为，非人类的、无生命的事物一般只能有一些无意识、无意志的状态、运动或变化”（连淑能，

1993:80）。2023/9/246（三）英语中使用非人称代词“it”做主语的情况非常之多。第一，用作先行词，代替真正的主语或宾语。如It

never

occurred

to

me

that

she

was

sodishonest.（我从来也没有想到 这么不诚实。）或用于

it

is

said

that…,

it

is

thought

that…,

it

isbelieved

that…,

it

is

felt

that…,

it

is

well

knownthat…,

it

is

considered

that…,

it

is

found

that…,

it

isreportedthat…等被动句式中，“it”所代替的是后面的“that”从句，如：It

iswellknownthatwhen

fuels

such

as

coal,

oil

and

gas

areburned,energy

is

released.（众所周知，煤、油和天然气之类的燃料燃烧时会释放出能量。）2023/9/247第二，用作虚义词，它所代替的主语是难以言明的现象或情形。如：It

is

only

half

an

hour’s

walkfrom

here

to

the

campus.（只要走半个钟头就可以从这里到达校园。）第三，用作强调词，汉语翻译时往往无法被译成汉语。如：It

is

here

that

we

first

met

each

other.（我们是在这里初次见面的。）（李明，2010:71-72）2023/9/248英语句子的主语时所采用的翻译方法：

This

consideration

decided

our

invitationtothe

mayor

for

the

first

China

National

StoneProducts

Fair.译文：基于这一考虑，我们决定邀请市长参加第一届全国石材产品展销会。2023/9/249

Opposition

from

the

company’s

laborunion

and

business

partners

emerged

asobstacles

to

the

signing

of

an

agreement.译文：该公司的工会及其业务伙伴提出了反对意见，这成为签订协议的障碍。

The

dollar’s

accelerated

depreciationcould

hurt

not

only

the

Japanese

economy,

butthe

global

economy

as

a

whole.译文：美元在加速贬值，它所损害的不仅仅是日本经济，还有整个世界的经济。2023/9/2410

The

secret

to

the

company’s

robustperformance

is

the

excellence

in

its

totalproduction

system,

from

the

initial

developmentand

design

through

to

procurement

andproduction.译文：该公司运行稳健，其秘密就在于其整体生产体系，即从初期的开发和设计一直到采购和生产等，都非常卓越。2023/9/2411The

cool

summer

pushed

down

the

sales

ofseasonal

products

such

as

air

conditioners

andbeverages.这个夏天非常凉爽，这使得诸如空调和饮料之类的季节性产品的销量大为下降。The

2010-2011

financial

year

saw

amoderategrowth

in

business

volumes

in

its

core

servicesand

the

department

achieved

a

surplus

of

$42million.二零一零至二零一一财政年度，该部门在核心服务方面的业务量出现了适度增长，获得了4,200万美元的盈余。2023/9/2412A

major

factor

behind

the

recent

marketupswing

is

a

marked

increase

in

listedcompanies’

transaction

to

buy

back

theiroutstanding

shares.最近的市场呈日益上升的态势，这背后的主要原因是，上市公司在购回各自已经发行的股票的交易上有了显著增加。2023/9/2413Improvement

in

the

corporate

sector’sperformance

reflects

the

growth

in

profitsbycorporations

from

their

main

line

of

business

asa

result

of

a

rise

in

retail

prices

due

toincreasing

exports

and

domestic

demand.公司部门的业绩提高了，这反映出由于出口和国内需求增加而导致的零售价格上升，各家公司从各自的主业中获取的利润增长了。2023/9/2414Economic

issuesfeatured

very

largely

inthePrime

Minister’s

speech.首相的讲话中很大一部分涉及经济问题。A

rapid

growth

in

freight

volume

alongAsian

maritime

routescontributed

to

anincrease

in

freight

charges.亚洲海运航线上的货物运输量快速地增加了，这导致了货物运费的增加。2023/9/2415Any

sudden

rush

by

the

banks

to

withdrawexisting

loans

from

corporate

borrowers

couldseriously

damage

the

economy.不管哪家银行，凡是突然急匆匆地从借款机构那里抽回现行贷款的做法，都有可能严重损害经济2023/9/2416Consumptionwas

supported

by

robust

sales

ininformation

technology

devices,

includingpersonal

computers

and

cell

phones.包括个人电脑和手机在内的信息技术产品的销售出现了强劲的势头，这大大促进了消费。2023/9/2417Temporary

economic

upswings

since

thecollapse

of

the

bubble

economy

did

notpermeate

small

and

midsize

corporations

andnon-manufacturing

businesses.自泡沫经济崩溃以来，经济得到了短暂的回升，但这种情况并未渗透到中小型企业