推送托福听力老托听写20篇

We'vejustseentwocontemporarylargebirdsthatcannotfly:theemuandtheostrich.Overhereisaninterestingspecimenfromthepast.Thisstuffedanimalisnotthegiantpenguinitappearstobe,butanauk.Thisparticularkindofaukisveryrare,only78skinsareknowntoexistandmostarenotpreservedaswellasthisone.Thegreatauk,asyoucansee,wasaratherlargebird,anditcouldn'tflyeither.However,evidencesuggeststhattheaukwasanexcellentswimmeranddiver.Unfortunately,thoseabilitiesdidnotprotectitfrombeingeasypreyforhungrysailorswhoyearsagosailedtheverycoldandoftenicywatersofGreenland,Iceland,andScotland.Infact,recordsindicatethattheaukwasrathertastyandthatitseggs.Excuseme...thatitseggsandfeatherswereusefulaswell.Still,itisn'tclearwhatotherfactorsledtothebigbird'sdemisearound1844,thelasttimeanyonereportedseeingone.Ofcourse,webelieveit'simportanttotakeextraprecautionstopreservetheremaininggreataukskins.Afterall,thesespecimensshouldproveinvaluableforfuturescientificresearch.Doesanyonehaveanyquestionsbeforewemoveontoournextbirdexhibit?contemporaryadj.emun.［C］鸸鹋（产于澳洲的一种体型大而不会飞的鸟ostrichn.［C］specimenn.［C］stuffedadj.penguinn.［C］aukn.［C］海雀（北极地区海鸟，体大，短翅，蹼足demisen.［U］precautionn.［C］invaluableadj.BeforeItellyouabouttheinterestingdiscoveryrelatedtoTyrannosaurusrex,Ineedtoreviewsomethingwestudiedlastsemester,thedifferencebetweenwhatarecommonlycalledcold-bloodedandwarm-bloodedanimals.Inwarm-bloodedanimals,birdsandmammals,forexample,thebodytemperaturenormallystayswithinanarrowrange,nomatterwhattheoutsidetemperatureis.Asaresult,awarm-bloodedanimalisusuallyactiveinbothcoldandhotweatherbecauseitsbodytemperaturecanadjusttothetemperatureofitsenvironment.Ontheotherhand,cold-bloodedanimals,suchasmostreptiles,amphibians,andinsects,areunabletocreateenoughheatinternallytoraisetheirtemperatureabovethetemperatureoftheenvironment.So,forexample,thetemperatureofacold-bloodedanimalfallswhentheenvironmentiscool.Ihopethisdistinctionisclear.Now,movingontoTyrannosaurusrex,youmayknowthatdinosaurs,beingreptiles,aregenerallybelievedtohavebeencold-blooded.Well,arecentresearchstudyfoundthatthechemicalcompositionofthebonesofTyrannosaurusrexwasconsistentwiththebonesofananimalthathasaverynarrowrangeofinternaltemperature,indicatingthatitwasprobablywarm-blooded.Tyrannosaurus:rexn.［C］cold-bloodedadj.warm-bloodedadj.reptilen.［C］:internallyadv.distinctionn.［C］dinosaurn.［C］compositionn.［C］consistentadj.Thisroomisdevotedtoelectricfish.Theeelinthetankbehindmecanproduceastrongjoltofelectricitytostunitsprey,butmostofthefishinhereproduceonlyweakelectricalimpulsesthatareusefulfornavigating,locatingfood,andevenforcommunicating.Theknifefishisagoodexample.Thisfishnavigates,usingtinyreceptorsintheskinthataresensitivetoelectricalimpulses.Theknifefishproducesanelectricalsignal,andthereceptorsinitsskinletitknowwhenthesignalisdistortedbyatreeroot,orsomeotherobstacle,soitcangoaroundit.Fishalsousetheabilitytoproduceanddetectelectricalimpulsestocommunicate.Theycantelleachotherwhatspeciestheybelongto,howbigtheyare,andwhetherthey'remaleorWehaveatankherethat'sspeciallyequippedtoconverttheinaudiblesignalsthefishproduceintosoundsyoucanhearwhenyouputontheseheadphones.IurgeyoualltolisteninwhenI'mdonespeaking.Nowhavealookattheelectricrays.Raysareespeciallyinterestingtomedicalresearchersbecauseoftheorganstheyusetoproduceelectricity.Theseorganscontainachemicalthatcarriessignalsfromonenerveendingtothenext,notonlyinrays,butalsoinpeople.Bystudyingtheseorgans,scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutdiseasesthatinterruptthetransmissionofimpulsesfromonenervetoanother.devotev.eeln.［C］鳗（任一种长的蛇形的无鳞海洋或淡水鱼tankn.［C］joltn.［C］stunv.preyn.receptorn.［C］distortv.obstaclen.:inaudibleadj.headphonen.［C］rayn.［C］nerven.［C］endingn.［C］transmissionn.［C］impulsen.［C］HumanpopulationsneartheequatorhaveevolveddarkskinovermanygenerationsbecauseofexposuretothefierceraysoftheSun.Asimilarphenomenonhasalsooccurredinotherpartsoftheanimalkingdom.TheAfricangrassmouseisagoodexample.Mostmicearenocturnal,buttheAfricangrassmouseisactiveduringdaylighthours.ThismeansthatitspendsitsdayssearchingforfoodinthesemidrybushandscrubhabitatsofeasternandsouthernAfrica.Itsfurisstriped,likeachipmunk's,whichhelpsitblendinwithitsenvironment.Becauseitspendsalotoftimeintheintensetropicalsun,thegrassmousehasalsoevolvedtwoseparatesafeguardsagainsttheSun'sultravioletradiation.First,likethepopulationsofhumansinthisregionoftheworld,theskinofthegrassmousecontainslotsofmelanin,ordarkpigment.Second,andquiteunusual,thismousehasalayerofmelanin-pigmentedtissuebetweenitsskullandskin.Thisunique"cap"providesanextrameasureofprotectionforthegrassmouseandthreeothertypesofAfricanmouse-likerodentsthatareactiveduringtheday.Theonlyotherspeciesscientistshaveidentifiedwiththesamesortofskulladaptationisthewhitetent-makingbatoftheCentralAmericantropics.Althoughthesebatssleepduringtheday,theydosocurledupwiththeirheadsexposedtothesun.nocturnaladj.scrubn.furn.stripev.chipmunkn.［C］tropicaladj.ultravioletadj.melaninn.［C］pigmentn.［C］skulln.［C］8BeforestartingourtourofMonticello,I'dliketogiveyousomehistoricalfactsthatmighthelpyouappreciatewhatyouseetodayevenmore.MonticellowastheverymuchlovedhomeofThomasJeffersonforoverfiftyyears.Jefferson,whowas,ofcourse,President,wasalsoagreatreaderandlanguageenthusiast.Hereadwidelyondifferentsubjects,includingarchitecture.Hewasn'tformallytrainedinarchitecture,butasaresultofhisstudyandobservationofotherbuildings,hewasabletohelpdesignandbuildthehouse.HechosethesiteInfact,manyoftheideasbehindthedesignalsocamefromtheItalianarchitectAndreaPalladio,wholivedinthesixteenthcenturyandwhohadagreatinfluenceonthearchitectureofEngland.Jefferson,however,ignoredoneofPalladio'sprinciples,thatis,nottobuildinahighplace.Monticello'selevationmadethetransportationofwhatwasneededatthehouse—forexample,food—especiallydifficult.ButtheviewfromtheestatewouldnotbeasspectacularifJeffersonhadfollowedPalladio'sadvice;therereallyisnoboundarybetweenthehouseandthenaturearoundit,andsoJeffersonwasabletolookoutonhisbelovedstateofVirginiafromhiswonderfulvantagepoint.Nowwe'llgoontoJefferson'slibrary.Monticello:appreciate:v.tounderstandhowgoodorusefulsomeoneorsomethingenthusiastn.［C］someonewhoisveryinterestedinaparticularactivityorsubject热衷于…的人estaten.［C］alargeareaoflandinthecountry,usuallywithonelargehouseonitandoneowner（在乡村附有宅地的）一大片私有土地，庄园elevationn.［singular］aheightabovetheleveloftheseaspectacularadjveryimpressiveandexcitingvantagepointagoodpositionfromwhichyoucanseesomething（能观I'mgladyoubroughtupthequestionofourinvestigationsintothemakeupoftheEarth'sinterior.Infact,sincethisisthetopicofyourreadingassignmentfornexttime,letmespendtheselastfewminutesofclasstalkingaboutit.TherewereseveralimportantdiscoveriesintheearlypartofthiscenturythathelpedgeologistsdevelopamoreaccuratepictureoftheEarth'sinterior.Thefirstkeydiscoveryhadtodowithseismicwaves.Remembertheyarethevibrationscausedbyearthquakes.Well,scientistsfoundthattheytraveledthousandsofmilesthroughtheEarth'sinterior.ThisfindingenabledgeologiststostudytheinnerpartsoftheEarth.Yousee,thesestudiesrevealedthatthesevibrationswereoftwotypes:compressionorPwavesandshearorSwaves.AndresearchersfoundthatPwavestravelthroughbothliquidsandsolids,whilethatPwavessloweddownatacertaindepthbutkepttravelingdeeper.Ontheotherhand,Swaveseitherdisappearedorwerereflectedback,soheconcludedthatthedepthmarkedtheboundarybetweenasolidmantleandaliquidcore.Threeyearslater,anotherboundarywasdiscovered,thatbetweenthemantleandtheEarth'scrust.There'sstillalottobelearnedabouttheEarth.Forinstance,geologistsknowthatthecoreishot.Evidenceofthisisthemoltenlavathatflowsoutofvolcanoes.Butwe'restillnotsurewhatthesourceoftheheatis.makeupn.［singular］aparticularlycombinationofpeopleorthingsthatformagrouporwhole（人或物的）组成，构成seismic:adj.technicalconnectedwithorcausedbyearthquakesorpowerfulexplorations【术语】地震的；地震引起的vibrationn.［C,U］acontinuousslightshakingmovement颤动，振颤，震compressionnanincreaseinthedensityofsomethingshearn.boundaryn.［C］theofficiallinethatmarkstheedgeofatown,countryetc分界线，边界［+between］mantlen.［C］technicalthepartoftheEartharoundthecentralcore【术coren.［C］thecentralpartoftheEarthoranyotherplanet地心；（天体crustn.［C,U］athinharddrylayeronthesurfaceofsomething（某物的）硬薄外层（theEarth’scrust地壳）moltenadj.moltenmetalorrockhasbeenmadeintoaliquidbybeingheatedtoaveryhightemperature溶化的，熔融的（moltenlava熔岩）lavan.［U］hotliquidrockthatflowsfromavolcano（火山喷出的）岩浆，Beforewebeginourtour,I'dliketogiveyousomebackgroundinformationonthepainterGrantWood.We’llbeseeingmuchofhisworktoday.Woodwasbornin1881inIowafarmcountry,andbecameinterestedinartveryearlyinlife.AlthoughhestudiedartinbothMinneapolisandattheArtInstituteofChicago,thestrongestinfluencesonhisartwereEuropean.HespenttimeinbothGermanyandFranceandhisstudytherehelpedshapehisownstylizedformofrealism.WhenhereturnedtoIowa,WoodappliedthestylisticrealismhehadlearnedinEuropetotherurallifehesawaroundhimandthatherememberedfromhischildhoodaroundtheturnofthecentury.Hisportraitsoffarmfamiliesimitatethestaticformalismofphotographsofearlysettlersposedinfrontoftheirhomes.Hispaintingsoffarmersatwork,andoftheirtoolsandanimals,demonstrateaseriousrespectforthelifeoftheMidwesternUnitedStates.Bythe1930's,Woodwasaleadingfigureoftheschoolofartcalled"Americanregionalism."InanefforttosustainastrongMidwesternartisticmovement,WoodestablishedaninstituteofMidwesternartinhishomestate.Althoughtheinstitutefailed,thepaintingsyouareabouttoseepreserveWood'svisionofpioneerfarmers.stylizedadj.drawnorwritteninanartificialstyle,thatdoesnotincludenaturaldetail（绘画或写作）程式化的realismn.［U］thestyleofartandliteratureinwhicheverythingisshownordescribedasitreallyisinlife现实主义，写实主义（艺术、文学上的风格）portraitn.［C］apainting,drawing,orphotographofaperson（人的）画static:adj.notmoving,changing,ordeveloping,especiallywhenmovementorchangewouldbegood不动的；不变化的；不发展的；静（止）的formalismn.［U］astyleormethodinart,religion,orsciencethatpaystoomuchattentiontoestablishedrules（艺术、宗教或科学的）形式主义posevtositorstandinaparticularpositioninordertobephotographedorpainted,ortomakesomeonedothis（为照相或画像而（使）摆好姿势forittobemorepoliticallyindependent地方分权主义sustainv.tomakesomethingcontinuetoexistoveraperiodoftime保artisticadj.connectedwithartorculturepioneeradjoneofthefirstpeopletodosomethingthatotherpeoplewilllaterdeveloporcontinuetodo先驱，先锋，创始人Today'slecturewillcenteronprehistoricpeopleoftheNevadadesert.Now,mostoftheseprehistoricdesertpeoplemovedacrossthecountrysidethroughouttheyear.Youmightthinkthattheywerewanderingaimlessly—farfromit!Theyactuallyfollowedaseriesofcarefullyplannedmoves.Wheretheymoveddependedonwherefoodwasavailable—placeswhereplantswereripeningorfishwerespawning.Nowoftenwhenthesepeoplemoved,theycarriedalltheirpossessionsontheirbacks,butifthejourneywaslong,extrafoodandtoolsweresometimesstoredincavesorbeneathrocks.Oneofthesecavesisnowanexcitingarchaeologicalsite.Beyonditssmallopeningisahugeundergroundgrotto.Eventhoughthecave'sverylarge,itwascertainlytoodarkanddustyforthetravelerstolivein,butitwasagreatplacetohidethings,andtremendousamountsoffoodsuppliesandartifactshavebeenfoundthere.Thefoodincludesdriedfish,seeds,andnuts.Theartifactsincludestonespearpointsandknives;thespearpointsareactuallyrathersmall.Here'sapictureofsomethatwerefound.Youcanseetheirsizeinrelationtothehandsholdingprehistoricadj.connectedwiththetimeinhistorybeforeanythingwaswrittendown史前的，有历史记载以前的NevadaastateinthewesternUnitedStates内华达州（美国西部内陆州ripenv.tobecomeripeortomakesomethingripe（使）spawn:v.ifafishorfrogspawnsitproduceseggsinlargequantitiesorusesthemselves所有物；财产archaeologicalsite:grotton.［C］asmallnaturalcaveoronethatsomeonehasmadeintheirgarden天然小洞穴；（花园中的）人造洞室dustyadjcoveredwithdustartifactn.［C］anobjectsuchasatoolweaponetcthatwasmadeinthepastandishistoricallyimportant人工制品（有史学价值的武器、工具等；手工nut:n.［C］adrybrownfruitinsideahardshell,thatgrowsonatree坚spear:apolewithasharppointedbladeatoneend,usedasaweaponinthepast矛，梭镖，标枪inrelationto:usedtotalkaboutsomethingthatisconnectedwithorcomparedwiththethingyouaretalkingabout关于；与…相比TodayIwanttotalkabouttheEarth'slastmajorclimaticshift,attheendofthelasticeage.Butfirst,let'sbackupamomentandreviewwhatweknowaboutclimaticchangeingeneral.First,wedefined"climate"asconsistentpatternsofweatheroversignificantperiodsoftime.Ingeneral,changesinclimateoccurwhentheenergybalanceoftheEarthisdisturbed.SolarenergyenterstheEarth'satmosphereaslightandisradiatedbytheEarth'ssurfaceasheat.Land,water,andiceeachaffectthisenergyexchangedifferently.Thesystemissocomplexthat,todate,ourbestcomputermodelsareonlycrudeapproximationsandarenotsophisticatedenoughtotesthypothesesaboutthecausesofclimaticchange.Ofcourse,thatdoesn'tkeepusfromspeculating.Forinstance,volcanicactivityisonemechanismthatmightaffectclimaticchange.Whenlargevolcanoeserupt,theydispersetonsofparticlesintotheupperatmosphere,wheretheparticlesthenreflectlight.Sincelesslightisenteringthesystemofenergyexchange,theresultwouldbeacoolingoftheEarth'ssurface.Ofcourse,thisisjustonepossiblemechanismofglobalclimatechange.Inallprobability,acompleteexplanationwouldinvolveseveraldifferentmechanismsoperatingatthesametime.climaticadj.connectedwiththeweatherinaparticularareaiceageoneofthelongperiodsoftimethousandsofyearsagowhenicecoveredmanynortherncountries冰川期，冰河时代consistent:adj.alwayshavingthesamebeliefs,behavior,attitudes,qualityetc（信仰、行为、态度、品质等）一贯的，一致的；始终如一的disturb:v.tointerruptsomeonesothattheycannotcontinuewhattheyaredoingbyaskingaquestion,makinganoiseetc干扰，打扰；使中断radiate:v.ifsomethingradiateslightorheat,oriflightorheatradiatesfromsomething,itissentoutinalldirections辐射（光或热（向四面八方）crude:adj.notdevelopedtoahighstandardormadewithgreatskill粗制approximation:n.［C］anumber,amountetcthatisnotexact,butisalmostcorrect概算，近似值hypothesis:n.［C］pluralhypotheses,anideathatissuggestedasapossiblewayofexplainingasituation,provingandideaetc,whichhasnotyetbeenshowntobetrue假设，假说speculate:v.tothinkortalkaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsomethingwithoutknowingallthefactsordetails猜测，推测disperse:v.ifsomethingdispersesorisdispersed,itspreadsoverawidecoolingn.［U］theprocessofbecomingcoolerafallingtemperatureNotlongago,someofyoumayhavereadaboutateamofmountain-climbingscientistswhohelpedtorecalculatetheelevationofthehighestmountainintheworld:Mt.Everest.Ofcourse,theelevationofMt.Everestwasdeterminedmanyyearsago,usingtraditionalsurveyingmethods.Butthesescientistswantedtomakeamoreprecisemeasurementusinganewmethodthattakesadvantageofrecentadvancesintechnology.It'scalledtheGlobalPositioningSystem.TheGlobalPositioningSystemuses24satellitesthatcircletheEarth.Eachofthesesatellitesisconstantlysendingoutsignals.Andeachsignalcontainsimportantinformationthatcanbeusedtodeterminethelongitude,latitude,andelevationofanypointontheEarth'ssurface.Well,inordertousethissystemtocalculateMt.Everest'selevation,scientistsneededtoputaspecialreceiveronitssummittoreceivesignalsfromthesatellites.Theproblemwiththiswasthat,inthepast,thereceiversweremuchtooheavyforclimberstocarry.Butnowthesereceivershavebeenreducedtoaboutthesizeandweightofahandheldtelephone,soclimberswereabletotakeareceivertothetopofEverestand,fromthere,toaccessthesatellitesystemsignalsthatwouldallowthemtodeterminethepreciseelevation.Anditturnsoutthatthefamouspeakisactuallyafewfeethigherthanwaspreviouslythought.recalculatev.elevationn.［C］takeadvantageof:GlobalPositioningSystem:longituden.［U］latituden.［U］receivern.［C］summitn.［U］accessv.HumanpopulationsneartheequatorhaveevolveddarkskinovermanygenerationsbecauseofexposuretothefierceraysoftheSun.Asimilarphenomenonhasalsooccurredinotherpartsoftheanimalkingdom.TheAfricangrassmouseisagoodexample.Mostmicearenocturnal,buttheAfricangrassmouseisactiveduringdaylighthours.ThismeansthatitspendsitsdayssearchingforfoodinthesemidrybushandscrubhabitatsofeasternandsouthernAfrica.Itsfurisstriped,likeachipmunk's,whichhelpsitblendinwithitsenvironment.Becauseitspendsalotoftimeintheintensetropicalsun,thegrassmousehasalsoevolvedtwoseparatesafeguardsagainsttheSun'sultravioletradiation.First,likethepopulationsofhumansinthisregionoftheworld,theskinofthegrassmousecontainslotsofmelanin,ordarkpigment.Second,andquiteunusual,thismousehasalayerofmelanin-pigmentedtissuebetweenitsskullandskin.Thisunique"cap"providesanextrameasureofprotectionforthegrassmouseandthreeothertypesofAfricanmouse-likerodentsthatareactiveduringtheday.Theonlyotherspeciesscientistshaveidentifiedwiththesamesortofskulladaptationisthewhitetent-makingbatoftheCentralAmericantropics.Althoughthesebatssleepduringtheday,theydosocurledupwiththeirheadsexposedtothesun.nocturnaladj.scrubn.furn.stripev.chipmunkn.［C］tropicaladj.ultravioletadj.melaninn.［C］pigmentn.［C］skulln.［C］Yesterdaywetalkedabouttheanecdote.Todaywe'regoingtomoveontooneofthemostpopularliteraryformsinWesternliterature—theshortstory.Ashortstoryisapieceofprosefiction,usuallyunder10,000words.Althoughit'ssimilartotheanecdote,it'sreallyaseparateliteraryform.You'llrememberthattheanecdote'ssolepurposeistoentertain,andthatitdoesthisbyrelatingacuriousorinterestingevent.Well,therearealsoeventsinshortstories,buttheshortstoryusestheeventassomethingacharacterreactsto.Thereader'sinterestiscapturedbytheeffectthatthiseventhasonthecharacterinthestory.We'reevenlikelytorereadashortstorytobetterunderstandthecharacterwhoisbeingportrayedandwhyacertaineventledtoacertainresponseoraction.Ashortstory,though,isnotjustashortnovel.Anovelisnarrative.Ittellsadetailedstorythatusuallytakesplaceoveralongperiodoftime.Ashortstoryislesscomprehensivethananovel,andthefocusisonacharacter'smentalreactiontoanexperience.Thisreactionistheheartoftheshortstory.NowIwantyoutothinkbacktotheshortstoryyoureadforhomeworkandI'llgiveyoualistofquestionstothinkabout.anecdoten.［C］prosen.［C］fictionn.［C］separateadj.entertainv.relatev.capturev.rereadv.narrativeadj.detailedadj.comprehensiveadj.TodayIwanttotalktoyouaboutwaspsandtheirnests.You'llrecallthatbiologistsdividespeciesofwaspsintotwogroups:solitaryandsocial.Solitarywasps,asthenameimplies,donotlivetogetherwithotherwasps.Inmostspeciesthemaleandfemalegettogetheronlytomate,andthenthefemaledoesalltheworkofbuildingthenestandprovidingfoodfortheoffspringbyherself.Solitarywaspsusuallymakenestsinthegroundandtheyseparatethechambersforindividualoffspringwithbitsofgrass,stone,ormud,whateverishandy.Whataboutsocialwasps?Theyformacommunityandworktogethertobuildandmaintainthenest.Anestbeginsinthespringwhenafertilefemale,calledthequeen,buildsthefirstfewcompartmentsofthenestandlayseggs.Thefirstoffspringaresmallfemalesthatcannotlayeggs.Thesefemales,calledworkers,thenbuildalotofnewcompartments,andthequeenlaysmoreeggs.Theyalsocareforthenewoffspringanddefendthenestwiththeirstingers.Bytheway,onlyfemalewaspshavestingers.Mostsocialwaspsmakenestsofpaper.Thefemalesproducethepaperbychewingupplantfibersoroldwood.Theyspreadthepaperinthinlayerstomakecellsinwhichthequeenlayshereggs.Mostofyou,I'msure,haveseenthesenestssuspendedfromtrees.Theymayalsobebuiltundergroundinabandonedrodentburrows.waspn.［C］nestn.［C］solitaryadj.matev.［C］offspringn.［C］chambern.［C］handyadj.fertileadj.queenn.［C］compartmentn.［C］stingern.［C］suspendv.rodent:burrown.［C］There'sanartexhibitionhereoncampuswhichtiesinwellwiththediscussionswe'rehadaboutfolkart.It'sanexhibitionofwildlifeartcalendarsfromaboutahundredyearsago.Likemostotherfolkart,thecalendarpictureswerenotconsideredtobeartintheirownday.Peoplejustthoughtofthemasawayofdecoratingapracticalobject.Infact,thecalendarpictureswereoriginallyprintedasadvertisingforvariouscompaniesthatmadehuntingorfishingproducts,likegunsorfishingrods.Thecalendarswerehandedoutfreetocustomerstothankthemfortheirbusiness.Mostpeoplejusthungthecalendarsontheirwallswherethepicturesfadedinthesun,andthentorethepictureoffthecalendaraseachmonthpassed.Asaresult,collectorstodayplacealotofvalueoncalendarsthatarecompleteandingoodcondition.Eventhoughthepeoplewhousedthecalendarsdidn'tregardthemasart,theoriginalpaintingstheprintsweremadefromwereoftenofgoodquality.Infact,manyfamouswildlifepainterscreatedcalendarartatsomepointintheirlives.Tothem,itwasawayofgettingtheirworkreproducedandshownaround.OneaspectoftheexhibitthatIfindveryinterestingisthewaythesepicturesreflectchangingattitudestowardwildlife.Thepicturesintheexhibitoftenportraythethrillandadventureofhuntingratherthananyparticularconcernforwildlifepreservation.Butmostoftoday'swildlifeartshowsanimalsintheirnaturalsurroundingswithoutanyhumansinthescene.Thismodernwildlifeartappealstolargenumbersofnaturelovers,eventhosewhoopposethepracticeofrodn.［C］practicen.［C］Welcometothelargestretrospectiveexhibitthisartmuseumhaseverdevotedtoanarchitect.ThearchitectchosenforthishonorisFrankLloydWright,probablythegreatestUnitedStatesarchitectofthetwentiethcentury.Wrighthasthereputationofbeingarrogantandinsensitivetohisclients'needs,buthisworkisbasedonasetofprinciplesratherthanastyle.Becauseofhisbeliefinunityofdesignandtheeliminationofunnecessarydetail,heresistedhisclients'wishestointroducewhathecalledforeignobjectstohiscarefullydesignedinteriors.FrankLloydWrightalwaystriedtoachieveharmonyofbuildingandsetting.Thefirstdrawingintheexhibit,ofoneofhis"Prairie"houses,illustratesthisintegrationofthehousewiththelandscapeoftheAmericanMidwest.Youcanseehowhestressesthehorizontallinewithspreadingroofsandstripsofwindows.Outsideporchesstretchintothegardens,makingoneharmoniouswhole.Becauseofthisgoalofharmony,youwon'tseeskyscrapersamonghisdesigns.Wrightwascriticizedforhisimpracticalhouseswithleakyflatroofs,buthishousesalsohadgreatvirtues.ThedesignofthePrairiehouses,forexample,madethemwarminwinterandcoolinsummer.ThedrawingsandphotosinthisexhibitwillshowtheenormityofFrankLloydWright'scontributiontomodernarchitecture.retrospective:aretrospectiveartexhibitionanextensiveexhibitionorperformanceoftheworkofanartistoveraperiodofyears作品回顾展出：一个艺术家在一段时arrogantadj.insensitiveadj.prairie:horizontaladj.spreadingadj.roofn.［C］stripn.［C］条（通常有同样宽度的长而狭窄的条片porchn.［C］skyscrapern.［C］leakyadj.irtuen.［C］enormityn.［C］Scientistsarealwaysonthelookoutforalternativesourcesofenergy.Todaywe'regoingtodiscussonethat'ssoplentifultheysayitcouldsupplymoreenergythanallthecoalandoilintheworld.It'sfoundinsomethingcalledgashydrateand,believeitornot,that'sakindofice.That'sright.ButthewaterinthisicewaswaydownbelowtheEarth'ssurfacewhenitwasfrozen,soitwasunderalotofpressure.Andtrappedinsidethecrystalsoficeareindividualmoleculesofmethane—that'swhat'sinnaturalgas.Allthismakesgashydrateprettystrangestuff.Ifyoutouchamatchtoapieceofthisice,it'llburstintoflame.Andwhengeologistsbringachunkofituptothesurfacetostudyatnormalairpressureandtemperature,gashydratebeginstohissandbubble,andinlessthanhalfanhour,theicemeltsandthemethaneinsideescapesintotheair.Now,asyoumightguess,thiscanmakegashydratekindofhardforminerstohandle.Andthenthere'stheproblemofwhereit'slocatedinfrozenarcticregionsorinoceanwatersofftheAtlanticcoast,anduptoamiledown.Environmentalistswarnthatminingitcouldevenbedisastrous.Offshoredrillingcouldallowseawatertoseepdownintothehugeicydepositsandreleasetonsofmethaneupintotheatmosphere.Andmethane,ourlistenersmayrecall,isagreenhousegasthatcouldreallyworsentheproblemofglobalwarming.So,gashydratemayoffersomeinterestingpossibilities.But,withallthesedrawbacks,I'mnotgoingtoholdmybreathwaitingforittofuelmylookoutn.［C］hydraten.［C］crystaln.［C］:matchn.［C］hissv.bubblev.arcticadj.environmentalistn.［C］disastrousadj.offshoreadj.drillingn.［C］greenhousen.［C］drawbackn.［C］furnacen.［C］Nowwe'reenteringKangarooCountry.Inall,therearemorethanfiftydifferentspeciesofkangaroo,andtheadvantageofzooslikeoursisthatyouseethemintheirnaturalhabitat.Theoneswehaveallliveinthegrasslands.Onmyright,youcanseeoneofthebiggesttypes:theredkangaroo.Ittravelsabout20milesperhour.Itlookslikehardwork,buthoppingactuallyletsthekangarooconservemoreenergythananotheranimalcouldwhenrunningonfourlegs.Infact,uptoacertainpoint,thefasterakangaroogoesthemoreenergyitconserves.Ratherthantakingmorehopstoincreasespeed,thekangaroomakesthelengthofeachjumplonger.Let'sstophereforaminute.Takealookoveronyourrightatthisgroupofkangaroosresting.Canyouseethattheirearsaremoving?Hearingmaywellbethekangaroo'smostimportantsense.Theirtwolargeearscanmoveindependently,sosometimesoneearispointingforwardandtheothertowardtherear.Kangaroos'eyesightisalsoexcellen