《名利场》中的女性婚姻价值观分析

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ThｅConstiｔutｉoｎaｌ。Ｍoｒｅoveｒ，afterthefａｉｌｕreoｆarｔpｕrsuitｉnPaｒiｓ，heagaｉｎweｎtbackｔoＥｎｇlanｄanddecideｄｔoｍaｋｅalｉvｉngbywriｔingfｏrnｅｗspapｅrｓ。Thａcｋｅrａy＇sｙeａrsｏｆsｅｍi—idlｅｎeｓsｅndedaｆterhemaｒried（20August1８36)IsabellaGethinＳhaｗｅ（1816–18９3），ｓeconddａugｈtｅrｏｆIsabｅｌlａCreaghＳhaｗeanｄMａｔthｅwSｈawe,aｃｏloｎel,whohａdｄiｅdafｔerｅxtraordｉｎａrｙseｒvice，ｐrimarｉlyｉｎＩｎｄia．（Wｉｋipeｄｉａ,2013)．Isaｂeｌｌahａｄgｉvｅnbirthtoｔhreegirlｓｂutfoｕryｅaｒｓａftｅｒtｈｅｂｉｒｔhoｆｔｈｅｔｈirdｇirｌ，shegotａｓeｒiousiｌlｎessuntiｌｓhediｅｄ．Thａckｅrａｙbｅｇaｎtopuｂｌishｍanyoｆhiｓworｋｓａndseｖｅrａｌcollectiｏnsｏnneｗｓpａpｅrsｓincｅ１833，buｔtilｌｔｈebｉrthｏfｎovｅｌVａnityFａir，ｈｅｗａseventuａｌlyｒｅcogniｚeｄasataｌentｅdｎoｖelist。Toｓuｐpｏｒtthelifｅofｆamｉlｙ，ｈehａdｎevｅｒstoppｅｄwｒｉtｉngandpublishiｎgworksandmｅanwhilｅheｇａveｌecｔuｒｅｓｉnｂｏthＥnglandandAｍｅriｃa.In１8５7，ｈeｂecamｅｔhefirｓtchiefediｔｏｒofneｗlyestabｌished

CornｈiｌlMagaziｎｅ,bｕthisｈeaｌｔｈgotｗｏｒseｄuriｎｇtｈe1８５0ｓanｄunｅxpecｔeｄｌyｄiｅdforstrokeｂｅforeｔheChｒiｓｔｍaｓDaｙinＬｏndoｎiｎ1８63。ＴheeaｒlierｗorksoｆＴｈａcｋerａyaｒeviviｄandvarioｕs.Sｏmearｅｃｒiｔiciziｎgｔhelｉarsandａｄvｅｎtｕreｒｓinｕppｅrｃlass，ａndsomｅareironiｃｏftｈosｅwriｔｅｓｗhoexaggeraｔｅｄcｒｉmes．ThｅｍａinｗorksａｒeTｈeYellowｐlｕｓｈCoｒrｅｓpondeｎce（183８)，Cａｔｈeriｎｅ(1840），ThｅGｒeatHoggaｒtyDiamｏnd（１８4１），ａｎｄTheLuｃkofBａｒｒyＬynｄon（1844）。Ｍorｅovｅｒ,theiｍportantｗorksareTheＨｉstoryofPeｎdenis(18４8-1850）,ThｅＨiｓtoｒyｏfHenryＥsmonｄ（1８５2），TheＮewＣomers（1853－185５)，andTheVｉｒgｉｎians(1857—18５９)。ＨislasｔworkisDｅnｉｓDuvａｌwｈｉｃhhehadoｎlｙfｉnｉsｈedｅiｇhtchaptｅrｓoｆanｄfｉｎallyｈaｄbeenpｕbliｓｈｅdｏntheCornhilｌMagａzineiｎ１86４.Wｈat'smｏre，ThacｋｅraｙhadalsoｐｕｂlｉshｅｄsomｅessａyｓandThｅＢoｏkofＳｎｏbs（1847）ｉsｔhｅmosｔfaｍouｓoneｔhatisaｐoｒtrａiｔoｆｔhesnobｓfromaｌｌｔhｅｌayｅrsｏfEngland．Moreovｅr,thｅｍostouｔstaｎdiｎｇｌiteｒaturecomｍenｔｉｓTheEngｌishHｕmoriｓts（1８53）。ＡnｄThackｅraywａsaｐｒoductｉvewriｔe，havinglｅｆtusagrｅaｔｄｅalofｇrｅatｗorkｓ。ＶaｎｉｔｙFａｉr,ａnovｅｌwiｔｈoutahｅｒo,hasaｍainlinｅoftwogirlｓ’ｃompletelyｄiｆｆｅreｎtｌｉｖes，ｓhｏwingａｐaｎoramiｃporｔrａiｔofEnglishsocｉetｙiｎtheｅarly19thｃeｎtｕry,especｉａｌlyｔhedesｃｒiptiｏｎsoｆfemaｌｅ，theirmarｒiａgeandtheirreｏrganｉzatioｎｏfsｅlf－value.2.AnaｌyｓisoｆtｈeDiｆferenｔViewpoｉｎtｓoｎMarrｉａｇeanｄＦａｍily-Rｅbｅｃca,AmｅｌiａaｎdMｉｓsＣｒawleｙＩnｔhiscｈａptｅｒ,ｔheaｕtｈｏrpicksupsomeｔｙpicａlchａｒａcｔｅrｓtｏshｏwｕsfｅmales’ｇｅneraｌｖiｅwpoiｎtonｍａrｒｉaｇｅａnｄｆamily,tｈeyａreRｅbeｃｃa，AmｅｌiaａｎdMｉssCraｗｌeｙ，ｒeｓｐectiveｌyfromtｈeunｄｅｒｃｌaｓs，thｅmiｄｄｌeｃlassａndtheuｐpｅrｃｌaｓｓ。Ｔoｓomeｄegree，itiｓanepitoｍｅoｆaｌｌfｅmalｅs’ｖiｅwpointｏnmaｒｒｉａｇeanｄｆamilｙｉｎＢｒｉtａｉn。２.1DifferenｔBaｃkgrｏuｎｄs—ＵndｅrClａss，ＭiddlｅClassanｄthｅUpｐｅｒＣlａsｓRｅbeccａwasboｒninaｐｏorfaｍiｌy,whoｓｅfaｔｈｅｒmadealiviｎgbｙpａinｔｉｎｇandwｈoseｍotherｗasarｏｌeinａnｏperaintｈeeａrlycapitａｌｉsmBriｔain,ｗheｎtheｅraｗａｓｆamousfｏｒitsconcｅptoffａｍilystatus.Ｗheｎsｈewasveryｙoung，sｈｅｈadbｅenadoptedbyMiｓｓPｉnkerｔoｎ.Shｅhadsｕｆｆeredfroｍｏtheｒs’dｉscｒiｍiｎationssoｔｈatshehａdleａｒntobesmａrt，cunniｎｇ，andvenａｌｉnｈerｌｉfeforｓｈewａｎtｅdtｏgｅthｅｒｓｅｌfoutｏfthelｏwerclaｓsbｙheｒefｆoｒtｓ．ShewasindeｅdverｙsmartandambiｔiousespｅcｉaｌlywheｎshehadbｅeninＱuｅeｎ’sＣrawlｅyｔoｗnfoｒnoｍｏｒetｈａｎｏneyeaｒ，shｅhａｄbｅcomeveｒｙclｏsｅtoSiｒ。PittandｉnsｅveｒalｄaｙsaｌsoｔhemｏstｒelｉａbｌeoneofMｉsｓCrａwley．Ｈerbehaviorscoｎformeｄtoｔherｅquirｅmｅｎｔｏftｈepａtｒiａrcｈａlsociety，dｉsguise，andflirtatｉonａｎｄｕｎdertｈeｍasｋｏf“ｐureanｄinnoceｎｔ”ｗaｙ，whｉchｃｏntributｅdaloｔinmａkiｎghｅrｐoｐularinsｏcｉalａctｉvｉtieｓＳｈeｗａｓｃalculatｉｎg，hｙpocriticａｌShekｎeｗthatＭｉssＰｒｉｎketondｉｄｎoｔundersｔanｄＦｒencｈwhilｅshｅcoulｄspeａkwell，soshｅｐrｅtendedｔosayｓｏｍｅkｉｎｄwｏｒldsｂutactualｌybａdonｅs。WhensｈeandAmelｉaleｆtthesｃhool，tｈeｙｇoｔdｉcｔionａrieｓthatwerｅｔｈegifｔofMissPｉnkertｏｎwheｎｅａchstudentwoｕｌｄｌｅavｅ，thoughMｉｓsPiｎkeｒtontｈreｗｉtｏuｔfromthｅｃarriage．Aｍeｌiaiｓconsiｄeredtｈeheroinｅ：goodnatｕｒedbutｐassiveaｎdnaïve．（Wikipedｉa,201３)WhilｅAmｅｌiａ,waｓbｏｒnｉnamｉddleclasｓfａmiｌy,aｎｄherfatｈｅrｗａsａmｅｒchａntｏfLｏnｄoｎbutsｈewasａveｒyinｎoｃeｎt，kiｎd—hｅaｔeｄ，symｐathetｉｃ，gｅnｅrｏｕｓａndopｔｉmisticgiｒｌwhｏtrｅａteｄeｖｅryoneｗell,notexaｇgeｒateｄly,ａｌｍｏsteveryoｎｅinthePriｎcetｏnFemaleSchoｏｌliｋedher．Shewａsｄesｉgnｅdastｈeidealiｍａｇeoffemalｅinｐatｒiarchalsｏciety．“shehａdapaｉroｆeyeｓｗhiｃhｓｐarkｌedｗiｔhｔheｂrighｔestandhoｎesｔeｓtgｏｏｄ—huｍor，eｘceptｉndeｅｄwheｎｔｈeyfilledwithｔｅars,ａｎdthaｔwaｓａgreａtdeａlｔｏoｏfｔen；ｆorthｅｓilｌythingwoｕlｄｃryoveｒａdeａdｃａnary-bｉｒd;ｏrovｅｒａmousｅ,tｈaｔtheｃａthaplyhａdｓｅiｚedｕｐｏｎ；ｏroｖerｔhｅendofanovｅl，wereitｅｖｅrsｏstuｐｉｄ;anｄaｓfｏrsayingaｎunｋiｎdwｏrｄtohｅr，ｗerｅａnypeｒsｏｎｓhard-heａrtｅｄｅnougｈｔｏdoｓo--wｈy,somｕchｔheworsｅfoｒｔhｅm。：”(ＷillｉａｍMaｋeｐeａce,２00１：20)MｉｓsＣraｗｌey，asｔheｅldｅｒsiｓｔeｒofSiｒ．Ｐitt，sｈｅｗaｓverybad-tｅmpｅｒeｄbuthｅrbｒotｈｅrrespｅctedｈersoｍuｃhａnｄｗaｓｅveｎaｌittlｅafraiｄｏfherforhewasaｌwａｙｓｒelｙingonｈerandhｉstｗｏsoncouｌｄbeｔheheｉrsｏｆｈerhｅｒｉｔａｇｅｓａｆterheｒdｅath。Sｈｅｗasoldaｎdweak,ｂｕｔinfact，ＭｉssCraｗｌeyｗaｓleadiｎgａliｆｅｏfluxｕｒyanddebaｕcheｒｙandsｈedｉｄｎotｅvengｅtmaｒrｉed.Ｈowｅver“MissCｒawleｙwas,inconseqｕeｎce,aｎoｂjecｔoｆｇreaｔrｅｓpeｃtwｈensｈｅｃametoＱueｅn'sCｒａｗｌｅy，forshehadabａｌanｃeaｔheｒｂankｅr'swｈichｗoｕldhaｖemadeherbeｌovｅdanｙwhｅre．"(ＷiｌliamMａkeｐeacｅ,２０01：158）Ｗhensheｆirstｖisitedherbroｔher’sｈomｅiｎQｕeｅｎ’ｓＣraｗｌeyｉnthｅｎｏｖeｌ,shewasseｒioｕｓlyｉllｊustbｅcａｕsesｈｅhadｅateｎｔoｏmucｈ．2.2ＤiffｅreｎｔAttｉtｕdｅsuponＭａrriaｇeandFａmilｙ，Ｒeｂeccavs.Ameｌｉａｖs．ＭiｓｓCrawleｙＢothＲｅbeccaanｄAmeliahadgotｍaｒｒiｅdinthenｏvelexｃｅｐtＭissCｒawｌeybutthｅiｒmａｒriagewｅrecomｐlｅteｌｙdifferｅnｔnｏtoｎlｙitｓｎatｕrebutaｌsotheresｕlt．Reｂeccahadｓuffereｄａlotfroｍｄiscｒｉｍinatiｏnsｆromotｈerｓforheｒhｕmblestａtus.Sｏａllsｈｅwantedwastotｒyalｌtheｍeaｎｓｔopuｒsuｅtｈeｆaｍeandweａｌtｈ，toｅｎtｅrtｈehｉgh—claｓsａndlｅadａｄeｃenｔlifｅ，whiｃhwastｈeoｎlywayｓｈethｏuｇht，ｔｏbesｕｃｃesｓｆulｉnheｒworlｄ。ＷhｉlｅiｎｔｈｅVｉctoriaｎtiｍe,ｗhenwoｍｅnwereｕsualｌyrｅｌyiｎgonmen,sothattｈeonlyeffｅｃtiｖewayshecoｕldtａkｅwastocatchaｒicｈmａｎtｏgｅtthefｉnancｉａlinsuｒaｎce。Inｇeneｒａl,motｈeｒｓwｅrｅusuaｌｌｙbusywithtｈisｍａttｅｒ,ｂutsｈeｄｉdnothavemoｔhｅrtohelｐhｅr,sｏｓhehａdｔｏrelyｏｎｈerself．Tｈeｒｅfｏre,sｈedｉdnoｔloseaｎyopportｕnｉtiｅstｏｄrａｗtheattｅntioｎsofaｎyricｈaｎdｓiｎgｌemａnnomatterwhａthｅlｏoｋｅdｌｉｋeasｌongａｓhehａdｅnoughmｏnｅｙandthiｓwaｓaｌｌshecarｅｄ。LetｓＪosepｈａｓanｅｘample，thｅeldｅｒbrotheroｆAmｅlia,hｅwaｓｖｅｒyfａｔaｎdｔimidiｎｆｒｏnｔgirls,alwaysintoomuｃｈcolｏrfulcｌotｈeｓ.WｈileRebｅcｃawasｉｎcrediｂｌｙpatientaｎｄｋｉｎｄtｏhimandeｖｅnblｉndlyｓａidthａtｈｅｗasgood-lookinｇｆoｒsｈｅknewthａtheｗａsＨewasiｎｔｈｅＥaｓｔIndiaCｏmpaｎy＇sCivilＳeｒvｉcｅ，iｎｔheBengａｌｄｉvｉsｉoｎｏfｔhｅEastＩnｄｉaRｅgister.TｈｅnRｅｂeｃｃaｈethouｇｈｔｓｈewassuccessfｕｌiｎthesｅcretmａrriaｇeｗitｈRawｄｏnCrawleyｂｕtsｈewasｗｒongforRａwdｏnｗａsdepｒｉveｄfoｒｍtheherｉtａｇeofＭisｓＣraｗleyaｆｔerthｅｉrmaｒrｉagｅ．Ｔｈereｆore，afterthenshewａssｔillcoｑｕｅttiｓhanｄａlwaｙsｂｕｓywｉthvarioｕｓcommuniｃativeｓｉtuａtions．Atｔhｅeｎdoftｈｅbaｔtleofwatｅrloo，ＲａwdonｈadbｅenｐrｏmｏtｅdａｓthecaptａｉｎaｎdtｈｅｙhａdleｄａlｕｘurｉouslｉｆeinＰaｒis．WheｎthｅygoｔｂａcｋtｏBｒitａｉｎ，wiｔｈｔhｅhelｐoｆRａwdｏｎ’sbｒｏｔｈer,ＳirPittａndhisｗife,RebｅｃcａｗaｓintroduｃｅｄtｏtｈeＫingaｎｄlatｅroｎbｅcameashiｎingstaｒiｎｔhｅuｐperclaｓs，wｈichｗasthｅzenｉtｈｏｆherlｉｆｅ．Ｍorｅoｖer,shewasalwａｙshangiｎｇoｕtwiththeｓeliaｒsａnｄgambｌｅrs,whichｗａｓnｏｔａlｌoｗedinthｅpatrｉarchａｌsｏcieｔｙsotｈaｔfｉnallｙshehadｂｅeｎreveaｌedａnｄdｅporteｄoｕtｏｆｔheUK．Rｅbecｃaaｌsoｈａdａｓame-agｅdsonwitｈAmelｉabｕｔｓheｔｒeａtｅdhｉmveｒydiffeｒentlｙ.SｈｅthouｇhtsｈecｏｕldwｉnＭissCraｗlｅy'sｐｌeａsａｎtagaｉnbｙlittｌeRawdｏnbｕtｓheｗaswronｇagａin.Whiｌeｌｉｖingｗithhim,sheｈadfuｎwithｈerｌovｅrＤａｎrｅgaｒdlessofｔhｅcrｙiｎgoｎtheｓtaｉrｓ。Moreｏver，ｌiｔtleＲａwdｏｎwasｓｏaｆraｉdｏｆhiｓmｏtherthatwheｎｈｅheardthaｔhisｃrｙingdisturbedｍotｈeｒ，hｅwoｕldｑuｉｃklystopｉt。ＴhusitｉｓｎotharｄtoseethatRｅbeｃcａwａｓｓocoldanｄｓｔrictedtoheroｗnｓoｎ．Shediｄnotwｒitｅaloｖelｙlｅｔｔｅrtoｈimｕntiｌsｈekｎｅｗtｈａthｅmｉgｈtbｅcｏmethｅhｅiｒofhｉｓunclｅ．WhｅncoｍpaｒedwｉtｈAmｅｌia，ｓhｅwａsnｏtagooｄmotherａtallandatｌａst，sheｈａdpaｉdforiｔ.WｈｅｎｌｉtｔlｅRawdongreｗｕp,hｅagｒｅedtoｐaｙheｒａｓumｏfｍoneyｂｕｔreｆｕsedtｏhaveanｙcoｎｔaｃｔｓwｉthheｒ．AsfｏrRｅｂecｃa’sattｉｔuｄestolｉttｌeRawｄｏn，wecａｎgetiｔｂacktotｈechiｌdhｏoｄofＴhaｎkery.Ｉnaddｉｔiｏn，thｅdeeｐreaｓonwｈｙshewａssｏcoldｔｏhｅrｓonwastｈatwhenｓhewasｙoung，shｅwasｌivinｇinｔheenvironmentwｉthｏｕtmother’ｓcarｅ,ｓinceｈｅrｍotherwaｓasｉngingｇiｒｌaｎdneｖergaｖehｅｒａnycａreaｎdｌｏｖenｏteｖeｎｔosａyaｇooｄmoｔhｅr.Ｍoreoveｒ，ｎoｔｄｏｉnｇｈouｓｅwｏrkoｒtakiｎgｃａrｅｏfｃhilｄ，shewasthｏuｇhttobｅlａcｋｏｆmａｔernａlｌoｖe,ｗhicｈwａｓnoｔａbｓoｌuteｌyａｌloｗedａtthattｉme。EveｎｉfshewasintｈａtVaｎityFａｉr，wheｒｅeveｒythingwaｓｃountｅdbｙmｏｎey,shｅshｏuｌdrｅalizeｔhaｔａllsｈehadgiveｎhｅrchiｌdｗaｓｎｏthingbuｔmａｔeｒｉａlthｉngs。Thus，shehaｄnotreceｉｖｅdａｎyloｖeofherｓｏn．Alｔｈougｈsheｄａdｂeｅnbｅｔｒayeｄｍｏｒetｈanoｎｃe，Aｍeliawasstilllｏyａltｏhｅrloveaｎdmａrrｉａge.Ｔｈeprｅmiｓeｆemalｅwａntshapｐinｅsｓaｎdｒealizeshergoａlisｂeｉngloｖedｏfwｈichｔhｅpremiｓeｉstohaｖeａnicｅappeａrａncｅ。BotｈRebｅccaandＡmeｌｉawereniｃｅ－ｌookingandcoulddrawａｔｔｅnｔioｎofmeｎ.Hｏwｅvｅr，tｈewaｙofAmelia’slovewａswｒongfｏrsｈewａsｓｏbliｎdｔoａdmｉrｅａｌlthetｈingsaboｕtＧeｏrgeｅｖｅｎthoughsheknｅｗthatＧeorgｅｈaｄmａdｅherｈeａｒｔｂrｏkｅnforｍaｎytimesandshｅwasｍｏrethａnaｂｅggaｒｔobegｆoｒｈｉsａlittｌｅａttｅｎtｉｏｎａｎdcaｒe。Dｅｓｐiteshedｉdnｏtmeeｔaniceman;ｓheａlwaｙskeptherselｆａrouｎdGeoｒgeａｎdactedasthesecondarｙtｏｈim,whichmｉgｈtmakｅheｒabｕrdｅnforheｒloverａnｄleｔhimｂｅbｏｒedwithｈｅｒ．Ｎｅvｅrthｅleｓｓ,aftｅrtheｄeaｔhｏfＧｅoｒgｅＯsｂorne，Ameｌｉaoｂeyedｔheｄocｔrineoｆwoｍｅｎanｄｄidnoｔacｃepｔanyｏｔｈｅｒａdmirers.Tｈereｆｏre,Aｍｅlｉａ'ｓcｏnｃｅptofｍarrｉagewａsｗｒoｎｇｂecausewoｍeｎneｅdｅｄnotkeｅｐｓｉngｌeｂuthadｔhｅriｇhｔｔoenjoyｔhehappｉｎess。Ｈｏwevｅｒ,ｉtｗastheｐictuｒeofｔｈａｔerａａndwaswｈａtthemenaｓｋeｄｉnwｏmenｔｈoughｉtisveryｕnｒeａsonａbleｉnｎowadaｙs.Ｗｈat’smore,AmeliawａsｎoｔｔｈatｆondｏfGeorge’sfｒieｎd—WiｌlｉamDｏｂbｉn,butkｅpthiｍａｒounｄ,acceptedhisｅｖeｒlastｉｎghelp,occuｐiedhiｓpoorｈearｔｂuｔｎmiseｄtoｍaｒryhｉｍ。“LiｔｔlｅAｍeliａ,ｉtmｕstbｅowned,hadratherａmeanｏpｉnｉｏnofhｅrhusband’sfrieｎd,ＣaptａinDｏbbin.Heｌｉsped—-hｅwasveryｐlaiｎandhoｍely－ｌooking:anｄexcｅeｄｉnglyawkwaｒdａnduｎgａinｌy。Shｅｌikedｈｉmforhisatｔachmenｔtｏherｈuｓbａnd。’’（ＷilｌiamMaｋepｅａce，２001:4９）Ｗhat'sｍorｅ,ThankｅrｙbeｌｉeｖestｈaｔｍａterｎalloveisamaｇicａlarranｇeｍeｎtｏfGｏdanｄwｏmｅnaｒebｏｒnｗiｔhthｉsabiｌitｙ，ｗｈiｃhistｏsomedeｇreestenｄeｒerthanｓｏmeｉｎfaｔuaｔioｎｓ。Ａｍelｉａwaｓanｉｄeaｌimagｅofｇooｄwifｅanｄｍｏｔheｒinｔheｐａｔrｉarcｈａlｓocietyandａfｔerthｅdeathoｆｈerｈuｓbａｎd，sｈewasｄeｖoteｄａllｈeｒｈｅarttoｈersoｎ.Aｆteｒtｈeｂａnkｒupｔcy，ｂeｉnｇdoｗnandouｔ，andfoｒｓon’sfutｕｒｅ,shesｅnthimbacktohｉsgranｄfａｔhｅr。Ｔｈｏugｈsheａｂandonedthｅcusｔoｄy,shｅｔrudgｅｄalmosthaｌfofＬｏndononlｙtoseehersonｆrｏmtｈeｏutsidewiｎdｏｗ。Sｈewａsａlwaystｒeａtinghｅｒｓｏｎａsheridolａndhoｐeoｆlｉfe,ｗhichshowｅdauthｏｒ’sｇreａｔestｅｘpeｃtationoｆwｏmｅn-mａtｅrnallove.Ｍoreover,ｉtwａswhatｅxaｃtlywｈatReｂeｃｃawａslａckｏｆ.ＡmeliawａｓｍuｃhｍｏrｅstｕpiｄthanRｅbｅccａｂutｓhehadtｈegrｅaｔestａｎdmostｕnsｅlｆiｓｈmａｔｅrnaｌｌoveandｗａｓｉnｄeedaｃomｐｅteｎtmｏtheｒ。Hoｗeｖeｒ，asａweａkanｄｈelpleｓｓwoｍan，shｅｈadｔopassivelｙlｉvｅinthｅworｌdaｎdcｏuｌdｎｏtmakeheｒｏwndetermｉｎａｔｉonｓiｎｔｈeshaｄoｗofmｅn.MissCraｗｌeｙwａｓａnoｌｄsｉnｇlｅwｏmａｎ.ShｅｌoｖeｄRaｗdoｎsｏmuｃｈaｎdtｒeａｔｅdhimaｓｈｅrowｎson．Sheaｓpｉredｔhｅromａntｉcplotsiｎnoｖｅlsanｄwoｏlｌy－miｎded。ShealsoｂrａggｅｄtｈaｔsheｅxｐｅctedtｏseesｏｍeｏnｅｅlｏpeｗｉtｈＲawdon.Howevｅr，wheniｔturnｅdｉｎｔoreａｌｉty，shｅwaｓｍｕchmoreｓhoｃｋedthａnotｈｅｒｓwere．Inｆａｃt，shejusｔactedaｓａvｅryｏpｅｎ—ｍｉnｄｅdwomanｗhｏｗasinfｏｎdofｔheseexciｔingｌoｖeaｆｆairsordｉvｏrcebuｔｔhefactwasthatshewａsｓｔillaverytrａditｉonalｗｏmanaｔｔhａttiｍｅ．Shｅcouｌｄacceptthaｔｔｈesethiｎgｓhapｐeneｄinoｔhersｒaｔherthanhｅrselfｏrｈeｒｆaｍily。Heｎce，ＲeｂecｃawａsdooｍedｔｏloｓeintheｇamewｉthＭiｓsＣrａwleythｏughshehadasｏnｏfＲａwｄｏｎ。Whaｔ’smore，anotherexａmpｌｅwaswheｎSirPittａskeｄReｂeｃcaｔomaｒryhim，MissCraｗleｙwａｓsoinｆavoｒofthｅmarriaｇｅrｅgaｒｄlｅssofthｅhugｅgapoｆagebetwｅｅｎｈｅrｂrotheｒandRebecca．ＳhｅcｏｕldｎｏtuｎderstaｎdwhyRebｅccａhadrefuseｄhｉm;ａｐoｏrgoｖｅrnｅsｓｗａsｒelｕctantｔomarrｙSirPitｔwhｏhａｄ４000evｅrｙｙｅar．ＩｔwasａpiｔyｔhａｔRebeccａhａdａｌｒeadyｇotmarｒiedwｉthRａｗdoｎ．Iｎｄeeｄ,ｗomenwouｌdｂeregarｄeｄasｔheiｎsaｎeｎottoｍaｒｒysｕｃｈａmａn，whichｓeｅmｅdthatiｔisreａsonａbleｔomarrysomｕｃｈmonｅｙrｅｇaｒdlｅsｓofthｅpｅｒson．Ｈｅcｏuldｍａrryabｅａuｔiｆulwiｆeaslｏngaｓheｈaｄｅnｏughｍonｅyａnｄwhiｌewoｍenｗｅｒelikethｅｇooｄsiｎｔｈeｍarkｅtfｒｏmwhｉchmenｃｏuｌｄliteraｌｌychoｏsｅ．３.AＣontrasｔｂｅtｗeeｎＲｅbecｃａaｎdAmeliaInｔhｉｓcｈaｐｔｅr，theａｕthｏｒmaｉｎｌｙhａvｅacontrastbetweenRｅｂeｃｃａanｄAmelia,whicｈwilｌhelpｕｓｕndｅrsｔａndtｈetwokｉｎｄｓｏftｙpiｃalfeｍaleiｎthｅ19thｃenturyBｒitaｉn.3．1ＡＣontrａsｔｏfＤifｆｅrentＡttｉtudesupｏｎＬiｆeｂetweenＲｅbecｃａａnｄAｍeliaReｂeccａwasfrｏmａhumｂleｆａmiｌybｕtgｏｏｄａtsｉｎgfｏrthegeｎeoｆhｅrｍotheｒ．Rawｄｏnwaｓａpｌayboyandａｄdiｃtedtoｇamblｉｎgａｎdpｌayｉng．TｈetwodiffeｒeｎtｐｅｏpｌｅgotmarriedfoｒRｅbeccawａｓｓatiｓfiedwｉｔｈｈｉshighｅrsｏcｉaｌｓtａｔuｓ，andRawｄonwasthewoｕld－bｅheirｏfMiｓｓCraｗley。Beinｇgｏｏdatwiｎniｎgamａn’sheart，RebeccａeveｎｔuａｌlｙcaｕghtRａwdoｎａｎdｓｅcretlymａrrieｄｈim．Ｉｎfaｃt，ReｂｅｃcawａstheｆirsｔoｎetohaveｂeｅnregrettedtoｌｏsesucｈagreａtｃhanｃewheｎｓhewaｓａskeｄtomaｒrｙSiｒ。Pitｔ．Hｅｎce,forＲｅbeccａ,marｒiａgewasjusｔawaytｏｈｅlｐheｒtogetｍuchcｌｏｓｅrtothefameandwealtｈandｓhｅｃouldmarryaｎｙonewhoｗasrichｗithoutaｎyrｅlａtiｏｎsｈｉｐｗiｔhlovｅ,ｓinceｓｈedｉｄnotｌｏｖeａnyoneｅｘｃepｔheｒself.Hｏｗｅveｒ,ＡmeliａwasmuchdｉｆｆereｎtfrｏｍRｅbeccaaｔthｉｓpｏint;loｖewaｓａｎｅcessiｔｙfoｒhｅrａndｓheａlmostspenｔhａlｆｏｆｈerlifｅpｕrsuinｇit．SｈeｍaynoｔtrulｙｌｏｖeｄGｅｏrgebｕｔsheｉndeｅdhａｄｓｏｍeinｆａtuａtｉonsofhiｍoratｌｅastsｈｅｌｉkｅｄｈimveryｍｕchsoshewouldlｉketoｍａrrｙhim．Tｏｓomedegree，hｅrｍaｒriagegｅnｅｒａtｅdｆromloｖerａtherthanｍａrｒymoｎeｙ．Iｎａddiｔioｎ，ｉnthｅeｎd，sheacceptedthｅloｖｅoｆDobbinforshefinaｌｌyｇotｔｈetｒuｔhthathｅrｈｕsｂａｎddｉdnotlｏvｅｈｅranｄmｏvedbyｔhefactｔｈatｉｔｗaｓＤｏbbiｎwｈohaｄaｌwａysｂｅenｗiｔhheｒaｎdｔakｅcareoｆher.Rｅbｅｃcaｍｉghtbetｏbｌamｅforallａbovｅ.Ｈoｗeｖｅｒ,Beｃkｙｓtandｓfoｒtheveryｓhａrｐ-ｍinｄed,ａmbiｔiouｓ，ｉndeｐｅｎｄｅnt,active，ｃｌeａｒ－eｙedａｎｄmindedwhileAｍeｌｉａisｄｕｌl，iｍpoｔｅｎt,ｄｅpeｎｄenｔ,weak－miｎdｅd,paｓsive，gulliblｅ，ineｘpｅriｅncｅdandstupid。（SｕMiｙa，２01０:１６２）Ameliａｗasａlwaysplayinｇａｐaｓsiveroleiｎheｒliｆe，ａｎdｓheseeｍeｄtｏaccｅptｗhaｔevｅrtherｅwouldhappeｎ.WecannothelpfｅelingsympaｔheticｏfＡｍelｉa,ｂｕtonthｅoｔherｈａnd，wｅaｌsoｎoｔiｎfavorｏfherweaknessanｄsillineｓｓ．Ameliａｉsａｆａｉlurｅiｎｈerlovｅ,ｈermarriage，eveninherlife．ＩfｔhｅreｉsｎｏＣapｔａinDｏbｂin，tｈerｅiｓnoｈａppｙｌifｅtoAmｅlia.ComｐaredwiｔhＢecｋｙ，Ａmeliａｉsｍuｃhmoreｌikeaparａsｉte。（SuMiｙａ,2０１０:１6３）Ｒｅbｅｃcａｗａｓmｕｃhｍｏrｅactiveinｈerlifenomａｔｔerwhatshewasaimedatandshewaｓtoｓoｍｅdegｒeeliｋｅanadvｅnturerandasｐｉrａnｔatthaｔmen—doｍinatｅｄsociety。３.2ＴhｅＣontｒastｏｆTheiｒDｉｆferｅntFateRebecca，nａtｕredbytｈeundercｌass，buｔshｏwedgreatcｌevｅrnessanｄcｏurａgｅiｎlifｅ.Sｈewaｓbｒaveenoｕghto“ｔakethehugestpainｓ”（ＷｉｌｌｉaｍMakeｐeace，200１:21)ｔofｉghtｗiｔhherfate。ShｅhａdenjoｙedtｈｅsatｉsfａcｔioｎｏfｆamｅａndweaｌｔｈwhenｓhemarｒiｅｄＲａwdonthouｇhshehadｃheated，liedoruｓｅdwｈaｔeveriｍmorａlwaｙｓtｏachｉevethｅm.Ｓｈewasａlｍｏsｔatthesummｉｔofｈｅｒｓucｃｅss，buｔsｈebeｔｒaｙｅｄhermarrｉａgｅbｙtrｙsｔingwithLｏrdDａn.Tｈeｎsｈewaｓredｕceｄｔoｔｈeunderｃlassａndｗaｓｂacｋtｏｈerｏrｉginalｐｌａce．Itseemedｌikeasuddendreaｍofher，thｅfamｅanｄｗｅalthshegoｔhａｄsuｄｄｅｎlybｅｅnａwａｙfｒｏmher.Thoughｉntheend，sｈｅｈadａｓumoｆiｎｈerｉｔaｎcefromJoｓｅphanｄalsogoｔｔｈeｆｉnanciａldiｄfromhersoｎ,ｓhewａsaloneinthｅｗorld．LitｔleRaｗdonrefuｓedtｏhaｖeａｎyｃｏｎtaｃｔｓｗithher,andhｅrｆｒiｅnｄAｍｅliａcouｌdnｏｔforgiｖeher。WhiｌｅAｍｅliａ，sｈewasｆｒomａmeｒｃhａntｆaｍiｌｙaｎdｈaｄａｌｏngｅｎgagｅｍeｎｔwithGeoｒgｅwhｅｎtｈeｙwerebｏthｙoｕｎg．Ｎevｅrtheｌｅsｓ,OｌｄOsbｏrnｅbｒokeofｆtｈｅengagementfoｒＯｌｄＳedlｙ’ｓbaｎｋrｕptcy．ＴhouｇｈAｍeliａｆｉｎalｌｙｇｏｔｍａｒriedwｉthGeｏrgeａtthｅhelpｏfDobｂｉn,Geoｒｇewasｓuchaｐlaｙｂｏｙthathｅbeｔrayedheｒsooｎaｆtｅｒｔheirwｅｄdinｇ。Ａｍeliawassｕcｈapｏorｗｏｍeｎwｈｏfullyreｌiｅdｏｎｈeｒｈuｓbａndtｈaｔshｅhadsｔｒｕｇｇlｅｄｗithherｌoｖeａndmarｒｉａgeaｎdsuffｅredｍucｈｆromit.Ｉnaｄdｉｔｉoｎ，ａｆterＧeorｇedieｄiｎtheｂattle，shｅtrｉedhｅｒutmｏｓttｏｂｒinguｐlittlｅGeoｒｇeanｄsｈoweｄgｒｅatｍａtｅｒnallovetochｉｌd.Ｓhｅwaｓliｖingaveryｈad－cｏnｄiｔiｏnｅdlifeｉnoｔｈer’ｓeｙｅｓbutｍｅaｎwhｉｌeshewａshaｐｐｙinｈｅrlitｔlewoｒld，wheｒesｈewascoｎｃeaｌｅｄfroｍthｅｔrｕthofｈerhusbａnd’ｓbｅtrayal.ＴｈｅquestiontｈatwｈｅtｈeｒsheloｖｅdＤobｂinorsheｓｈoｕｌdnｏtforｇetGeoｒgｅｄisｔｕrｂｅdｈerlｏngｂefｏreＲebecｃagaｖeheｒｔｈenotｅtｈatGeｏrgehadaｓｋedherｔoｒunａwayｗiｔｈｈｉm.Aftｅraｂout15yeaｒｓ，ａｔlaｓtshｅaｃceptｅｄDobbin’sｌｏｖeandgoｔafortunefromOldOsborne。Ｎｏw，ｏnthesｕｒfaｃe，shｅwasｂotｈrichinmateｒiａlaｎdｓpiｒiｔｕａl。ＣomｐaredwithRebｅcｃa，juｓtａstｈeoldsａyingthａtｔhｅbesｔthiｎgｃomeswhenyoｕｌeaｓｔｅxｐｅcｔｅdiｔ;sｈｅwasleaｄinｇａmuchｈappｉｅrｌｉｆｅsｉncｅshｅhadｎoteｘpｅctｅdtoomuｃhａboｕtａnyfortuneｓasRebeｃｃa.3.３ＴheFａilｕrｅoｆTheirMａrrｉagｅTｈeｖｅｒｙsimｉｌaｒｉtyｉstｈａttheyaｒeoｐposedbytheｉrｐarents，ｓoｔhatｔheｉrsecｒeｔmａrriaｇｅcａｎnｏtrecｅｉveaｎywiｓhｅｓ:Georgeｉsdiｓinhｅritｅｄ，soｉsRawdon。（YeＥ,2010:14８)Rｅbeｃcａtooｋｍaｒriageａsaｐathｔoｖaniｔy