北京市顺义牛栏山重点中学2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷

牛栏山一中2023—2024学年度第一学期10月月考高二年级英语试卷2023.1010页,10090分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ThetornadoblewthroughonaSunday.SincewewerevisitinggrandparentsinRaleigh,wehadnoideathat70milesawaythebigtreeinourfrontyard1 anddestroyedourhouse.Whenwereturned,wewere2toseeFloresandhissonsinouryard,cleaningupthe3yardandcuttingthethickbranchesofthefallentree.Theywerecoveredinsweatanddirt.Butthethingis,we4knewthemthen.Floressaid,“Clearly,youcannotsleepinthishousetonight.Comeandspeaktomywife.She’llhelpyoufigureoutwhattodo.”Mymomusuallyhatedtobeabother,butasshetookinthe5ofourbrokenhomeinthefailinglight,shesigned,6myhand,andfollowedourneighbortotheirhouse.“Mywifeischangingthe7onthebedforyou,andthere’ssomelemoncheesecakeonthetable.”Floreopenedthedoorandsaid.“Pleasedon’t 8 yourself.IthinkI’dcallahotelandseeaboutaroom,”mymomsaid.Butbeforeshecouldfinishit,Mrs.FloressmiledatusroomisIknowmore 9 togivethanreceive,butallowyourselftoreceiveaplacetoandallowustheopportunitytogiveyousomethingyouneed!”stayedatFloreshomefor2weekswithgreat10.Thetornadoruinedourhouse,butsurprisinglybridgedourhearttogether.1.A.fellB.flewC.blewD.grew2.A.delightedB.surprisedC.depressedD.relieved3.A.quietB.crowdedC.beautifulD.messy4.A.graduallyB.deeplyC.barelyD.perfectly5.A.senseB.sightC.dustD.pieces6.A.reachedforB.appliedforC.waitedforD.searchedfor7.A.appearanceB.materialC.sheetsD.styles8.A.troubleB.handleC.delayD.defend9.A.shockedB.encouragedC.frightenedD.sensitive10.A.delightB.anxietyC.gratitudeD.expectation第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）的单词，在的空白处用括号内填空。AIusedtohavestagefrightandspeakinginfrontofotherswasarealheadacheforme.WheneverIhadtogiveaspeech,Iwouldfeel (stress)andanxious.ButMrSmithchangedeverything.Hebelievedinmeandgavemegreatadviceonhowtoovercomethestagefrightandimprovemyspeakingskills.GraduallyIstartedtospeak 12 moreconfidence.LastI 13 (ask)togiveapresentationinclass.Insteadoffeelingembarrassed,Ifeltgreatandpresented 14(me)confidently.BInChineseculture,nameplaysanimportantroleinChinesepeople’slife.Parentswillspenddaysorevenmonths15(think)hardforasuitablenamefortheirWhenpickingoutaChinesename,parentsusuallyselecttwoorthreecharacters16haveacarefullythoughtoutmeaning,butwhendecidingonanEnglishname,manyofthemstruggle.whereJessupandhercompany,SpecialName,comein.Inthelastfewyears,Jessup17(help)name677,900Chinesebabies,andearnedover$400,00intheprocess,morethanenoughtopayhercollegefees.CIn2018,forthefirsttimeinhistory,wehadmoreelderlypeoplethanchildrenglobally.Butasthepopulationofolderpeople18(get)largerandlarger,keyquestionsarise:willagingbeaccompaniedbyalongerperiodofgoodhealth?Whatarethesocialandeconomic19(consequence)ofthischange?can’tanswerthequestionsyet.20wedoknowisthatthemoreelderlypeoplethereare,themorecasesofage-relateddiseasetherewillbe.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，共38分)第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AVOLUNTEERCENTERSL.A.WorksRiverCentreandGardens570W.Ave.26,Ste.400(323)224-6510Fromartsandcrafts,walkingdogsorsingingtobabies,thisorganizationoffersmanyopportunitiesinLosAngelesfromone-daytolong-termprojects.Volunteersmustfirstattendatrainingcourse.Someactivitiesaredesignedonlyforadults,sobesuretoaskifthey’reteen-friendly.VolunteersofAmerica3600WilshireBlvd.Ste.1500(213)389-1500Nationalnon-profitorganizationwithvolunteeropportunitiesinprogramsforchildren,thedevelopmentallydisabled,families,emergencyservices,thehomelessandmore.Children’sHospital4650W.SunsetBlvd.LosAngeles,Teensaged15andoldercanvolunteerhereaftercompletingathree-hourcourse.Onlythoseaged18andoldercanhavedirectcontactwiththepatients.Teensyoungerthan18canstillhelpoutbygreetingpatientsandtheirfamiliesatthefrontdeskanddoingrecordingwork.Thehospitalasksforaminimumofasix-monthcommitmentplus100hoursofservice.Teensworkatleasttwotofourhoursaweek,dependingonthedepartment,andcanchoosetheirschedule.FoodonFoot1625N.SchraderHollywood,CA90028(310)442-0088Thisisanon-profitorganizationthatneedsvolunteersonSaturdaysat3:30pminVeniceandSundaysat3:30pminHollywood.Volunteerswilldistributeclothingandfoodtothehomelessandpoor.Teensmustbeinterviewedbeforevolunteering.Afterserviceiscompleted,theorganizationwillwritealettertogivestudentseitherhighschoolorcollegecredit.CountyofLosAngelesPublicLibraryLibrary’sVolunteerCorp.7400E.ImperialHwy.Downey,CA90242There’snoagelimitandnoexperiencerequiredforteensinterestedinvolunteeringatthelibrary.Volunteersareneededatallbranches.Allminorsmustpresentwrittenparentalagreement.Servicetimevarieswitheachtask.Teenscanshelvebooks,createdisplays,tellstories,showfilms,writereportsandmore.Whatcanavolunteeraged16doatChildren’sHospital?Servethepatientsdirectly.Offerhelpatthefrontdesk.Lookafterthepatients’families.Dosomeofficeworkforpatients.Whichactivitywilloffervolunteersschoolcredit?A.L.A.Works. B.Library’sVolunteerCorp.C.VolunteersofAmerica. D.FoodonFoot.WhatisspecialaboutCountyofLosAngelesPublicLibrary?Sometasksaren’tteen-friendly.Thevolunteeringtimeisdifferentforeachtask.Teensneedtrainingbeforevolunteering.Volunteershavetogetpermissionfromtheirparents.BAdaLovelaceisatalentedmathematicianandapioneeringcomputerengineer.HerfatherwasLordByron,afamouspoetandoccasionalfreedomfighter,buttoAdahewasjustanabsentfather.Sheneverknewhim,asjustweeksafterherbirthin1815,hedivorcedhermotherIsabellaMilbankeByronandlefttofightintheGreekWarofIndependence.InanefforttopreventAdafromdevelopingherfather’sunpredictabletemper,Isabellanotonlytaughtherself-controlbutalsodecidedthatherdaughtershoulddevoteherlifetostudy,especiallymathematicsandengineering.Unknowingly,hermotherhadsetAdaonthepathtobecomingoneofthefinestmathematicmindsofthe19thcentury.Adastudiedharddespitethefactthatsocietydidnotencouragewomenpursuinginterestsinscience.HerlifechangedwhenshemetinventorCharlesBabbageataAshedemonstratedaworkingsectionofhisdifferenceengine(amechanicalcalculator),Adawastakeninbyhowitworkedandwantedtoknowmore.Impressedbythe17-year-old’sobviouspassion,Babbagebecamehertutor.Shefollowedhispathofcreatinga‘thinkingmachine’thatcouldsolvemathematicalproblemsandthenprinttheresults.Adamarriedin1835andbecameamother,butshecontinuedtotakeanactiveinterestinstudy,socialisinginintellectualcircleswiththelikesofCharlesDickensandMichaelFaraday.AdastayedincontactwithBabbage,whoin1837hadproposedanewmachine,theanalyticalengine.In1843,AdawasaskedtotranslateaFrenchtextwrittenbyengineerLuigiMenabreaaboutBabbage’snewdesign.Aftercompletingthetranslation,AdawasencouragedbyBabbagetowriteherownnotesonhiswork.Afterninemonthsofhardwork,AdapresentedBabbagewithadetailedlistofnotesthatwasthreetimeslongerthantheoriginalarticle.Inhercalculations,Adawrotewhatareconsideredthefirstevercomputeralgorithms(算法)tobeusedinanewtypeofmachine.Sheessentiallyprovidedthefirstideasforcomputerprogramminginwhatwasagroundbreakingproposalonthepotentialofcomputers.Ada’scontributionswereacenturyaheadoftheirtime.Adadiedofcanceragedonly36andherworkwaslargelyforgottenuntilthe1950swhenhernoteswererepublished.In1979theUSDepartmentofDefencenamedaprogramminglanguage‘Ada’inherhonour.WhatcanwelearnaboutAdafromthefirstparagraph?Shehadadevotedfather.Hermotherraisedherupalone.Shehadanunpredictabletemper.Herparentsdivorcedbeforeherbirth.Whoarousedherinterestinmathematicsandcomputerengineering?TheinteractionwithCharlesDickens.TheteachingofIsabellaMilbankeByron.TheFrenchtextwrittenbyLuigiMenabrea.ThepresentationofhisinventionbyCharlesBabbage.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?noteswerepublishedonlyonce.Adanamedaprogramminglanguageafterherself.Adaearnedareputationnearlyacenturyafterherdeath.workwaslargelyrecognizedwhenshewasalive.WhichwordscanbestdescribeAda?A.Modestandsociable. B.andinnovative.C.Generousandconsiderate. D.Flexibleandunderstanding.CFromthelossofwildlifetorisingsealevels,we’reallwellawareoftheproblemsthatclimatechangecouldcause.Butwhileitmayseemlikesuchissueswon’taffectmostofusdirectly,itlookslikefuturegenerationscouldgrowupwithoutsomethingthatmanyofusnowtakeforgranted:chocolate.AccordingtoanessaypublishedbytheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,changestotheclimateintheregionsthatproducecacao--theplantfromwhichchocolateisproduced--maymeanthatitwillsoonbecomeextinct.Mostofthecacaogrowsincountriesinthewettropicalregionsclosetotheequator（赤道）,withoverhalfofitgrowingintheAfricannationsofGhanaandIvoryCoast.Foroverthepastcoupleofdecadestheclimatehasbeenchanging,withhot,bone-drywindscomingfromtheSahara,unlikethosewhichnormallycamefromtheseabringingrainsthatarerecycledbackintotheatmospherebythedensecoastalrainforests.predictedthatby2050,climatechangewillhaveacceleratedtherateatwhichtemperaturesinthesecountriesrise,makingitextremelydifficultforcacaotogrowthere.Risingtemperaturesalonewon’tnecessarilyhurtcacaoproduction.Theproblemdoesn’tlieinincreasedheat,however,butinlowerhumidity(湿度)，asit’sbelievedthatrainfallwillstayatthesamelevelifthetemperaturerises.“Inotherwords,ashighertemperaturessqueezemorewateroutofsoilandplants,unlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtomakeupforthewatercontentlossormoistureloss,”MichonScott,theessay’sauthor,wrote.Tohelpfightthisproblem,oneadaptationstrategycouldbeprovidingcacaogrowerswithselectivelybredseedsthathavesuperiordroughtresistance.Infact,researchersfromBerkeleyUniversityintheUSareworkingonchangingtheDNAofcacaoplantstoallowthemtosurviveindryerconditionsbyusinggeneeditingtechnology,accordingtoUSNews.Anotherstrategyinvolvesatraditionalcacaogrowingmethodthattakesadvantageoftheconditionsunderwhichcacaonaturallygrows.Forexample,keepandpreserve,orinsomecasesreplant,otherrainforesttrees,toprovidecacaotreeswithshade.Inthemeantime,UScompanyMars,oneoftheworld’sbiggestmanufacturersofchocolateproducts,announcedinJanuarythatitwouldspend$1billiontohelpreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.“Thisisaworldissue,anditrequireseveryonetoworktogether,”MarsspokespersonBarryParkintoldBusinessInsider.Themessagehereisthatifwealldoourpart,wemaybeabletopreventsomeoftheworstimpactsofclimatechange.Orifwe’reunlucky,chocolatewillbecomeathingofthepast.Whatcouldmakeithardforcacaotosurvivearoundtheequatorinthefuture?Theincreasedheatthere.Thehigherhumiditythere.Thedecreaseinrainfallthere.Themoistureloseinthesoilthere.WhichisNOTawaytohelpcacaosurvivetheclimatechange?ReplantingcocoatreesintraditionalwaysGivingfinancialsupporttohelpfightclimatechangeDevelopingcacaoseedsthatcansurviveindryerconditionsUsinggeneeditingtechnologytoimprovethecacaoplants’DNA30.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthistext?ChocolatecouldbecomehistoryHowdowegrowcacaointhefuturetogethertofightclimatechangeHowdocacaoplantsaffectclimatechangeDSearch“toxicparents”,andyou’llfindmorethan38,000posts,largelyurgingyoungadultstocuttieswiththeirfamilies.Theideaistosafeguardone’smentalhealthfromrudeandviolentparents.However,asapsychoanalyst,I’veseenthattrendinrecentyearsbecomeawaytomanageconflictsinthefamily,andIhaveseenthesevereimpactsestrangement(疏远)hasonbothsidesofthedivide.Thisisaself-helptrendthatcreatesmuchharm.ResearchbyKarlPillemer,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,indicatesthat1in4Americanadultshavebecomeestrangedfromtheirfamilies.Ibelievethat’sanundercount,becauseothershavestoppedshortofcompletelycuttingoffcontactbuthaveeffectivelybrokentheties.“Canceling”yourparentcanbeseenasanextensionofaculturaltrendaimedatcorrectingimbalancesinpowerandsystemicinequality.Certainlythefamilyisonesysteminwhichpowerhasneverbeenbalanced,whichcouldpotentiallybedamaging.Today’ssocialjusticecallsonustocriticizepowerfulyetharmfulfiguresandtogainpowerforthosewhohavebeenpowerless.Butwhenadultchildrenusethemosteffectivetooltheyhavethemselvestogainasenseofsecurityandbantheirparentsfromtheirlives,therolesaresimplyswitched,andthepainonlydeepens.Often,whatIseeinmypracticearecasesoffamilyconflictmismanaged,powerdynamicsturnedupsidedown.Iseetheterribleeffectofthattrend:situationswithnowinners,onlyisolated(孤独的)humanswholongtobeknownandfeelsafeinthepresenceoftheother.Thecatchisthatafterestrangement,adultchildrenarenotsuddenlylessdependent.Infact,theyfeelabandonedandbetrayed,becauseintheunconscious,itdoesn’tmatterwhoisdoingtheleaving;thefeelingthatremainsis“beingleft”.WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentandlastingbreak-up.Howelsecanonelearnhowtonegotiate（协商）needs,tocreateboundariesandtotrust?Howelsecanweloveothers,andourselves,ifnotthroughacceptingthelimitationsandshortcomingsthatcomewithbeinghuman?Goodrelationshipsaretheresultnotofaperfectlevelofharmonybutratherofsuccessfuladjustments.pursuedialogueinsteadofestrangementwillbehardandpainfulwork.Itcan’tbeasingleprojectof“self-help”,becauseattheendoftherealintimacy(亲密关系)isachievedbyworkingthroughtheinjuriesofthepasttogether.Inmostcasesoffamilyconflict,repairispossibleandpreferabletoestrangement-andit’sworththework.Whydoyoungpeoplecuttieswiththefamily?gainanindependentlife.restoreharmonyintheprotecttheirpsychologicalwell-being.followatendencytowardssocialjustice.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch”inParagraph6mean？A.Response B.OperationC.Problem D.Highlightmanagefamilyconflict,theauthoragreesthatyoungadultsshould .acceptimperfectionoffamilymembers .breakdownboundariesinthefamilygainpowerwithinthefamilyliveuptotheirparents’expectationsWhat’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?advocateaself-helptrend.justifyacommonsocialvalue.discussameansofcommunication.argueagainstacurrentpractice.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Iworkatacommunitylibrary.Manypeopleareundertheassumption（设想）thatpubliclibrariesarenolongerneededbecauseoftheInternet.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.35AsimpleInternetsearchfor“cats”producesapproximately2.98billionresultsinlessthanonesecond.Itisahugenumber!Howdoyouevenbegintosortthroughallofthoseresults?hearsomuchabout“falsenews”.36Librariansaretheretohelp.Theyhavebeentrained,throughspecialclassesandworkshops,tosortthroughalloftheresultsandfindcrediblesources.AuthorNeilGaimansaid,“Googlecanbringyouback100,000answers.Alibrariancanbringyoubacktherightone.”37Ithelpsconnectpeoplewiththeresourcestheyneedtofindajob,continuetheireducation,andlearnnewskills.Ithelpsseniorsfindtheresourcestheyneedtokeepupwiththe“modern”world.Ithelpsnewparentsdevelopaloveforliteracy（读写）intheirchildrenandbondwiththem.Ithelpslocalartistsandcraftsmendisplaytheirwork.Ithelpsstudentsfindtheanswerstothoseseeminglyimpossiblehomeworkquestions.Itallowspeopletomeetandexchangeideas.Librariesaresomuchmorethanbooksandinformation.Yes,therearepubliccomputers,Internetaccess,movies,music,programsandathousandotherthings.38Theyareplaceswherepeoplefeelsafeandwelcomed.Theyareplaceswheresomeonewhohaslimitedresourcescanfreelyaccessmaterialsandequipmenttheywouldn’totherwisebeableto.Theycan,attimes,beaharborforsomeonewhoneedsaquietplacetoworkorstudy.Someofthebestmemoriesofmychildhoodinvolvegoingtothelocallibraryandinspeakin