Python程序设计基础（李东方第3版） 习题及答案汇总 第1-12章 Python语言及其编程环境- 基于第三方库的应用举例

第一章Python语言及其编程环境1.下载并安装Python3.版，检查系统变量Path中的安装路径，体验并编写一个简单的Python程序。答案：要检查系统变量Path中的安装路径，你可以使用以下Python代码：```pythonimportospath_str=os.environ.get('Path')install_dirs=path_str.split(';')fordirininstall_dirs:print(dir)```这段代码首先导入了`os`模块，然后使用`os.environ.get('Path')`获取系统变量Path的值。接下来，它将路径字符串分割成一个列表，并使用循环遍历打印每个安装路径。你可以将以上代码保存为一个.py文件，然后在命令行或终端中运行它，即可查看系统变量Path中的安装路径。2.下载并安装一种第三方E，并逐渐熟悉使用它。答案：略。第二章Python的基本语法一、选择题1-5B、B、B、BD、BD6-10C、BA、C、D、AC11.D二、填空题1.#。2.\。3.整数(int)、浮点数(float)、布尔值(bool)、复数(complex)。4.n/2==0.第三章Python程序的基本流程控制1.编写程序，从键盘输入两点的坐标(xl,y1)和(x2,y2)，计算并输出两点之间的距离。答案：importmathdefcalculate_distance(x1,y1,x2,y2):distance=math.sqrt((x2-x1)**2+(y2-y1)**2)returndistancedefmain():try:x1=float(input("Enterthex-coordinateofthefirstpoint(x1):"))y1=float(input("Enterthey-coordinateofthefirstpoint(y1):"))x2=float(input("Enterthex-coordinateofthesecondpoint(x2):"))y2=float(input("Enterthey-coordinateofthesecondpoint(y2):"))distance=calculate_distance(x1,y1,x2,y2)print("Thedistancebetweenthetwopointsis:",distance)exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseentervalidnumericalvaluesforcoordinates.")if__name__=="__main__":main()2.编写程序，从键盘输入年份值和月份值，输出该年当月的日历(调用calendar模块中的month()函数)。答案：importcalendardefmain():try:year=int(input("Entertheyear:"))month=int(input("Enterthemonth(1-12):"))ifmonth<1ormonth>12:print("Invalidmonth.Pleaseenteravaluebetween1and12.")returncal=calendar.month(year,month)print("\nCalendarfortheyear{}andmonth{}:".format(year,month))print(cal)exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseentervalidnumericalvaluesforyearandmonth.")if__name__=="__main__":main()3.编写程序，产生两个10以内的随机整数，以第1个随机整数为半径、第2个随机整数为高，计算并输出圆锥体的体积。答案：importrandomimportmathdefcalculate_cone_volume(radius,height):volume=(1/3)*math.pi*radius**2*heightreturnvolumedefmain():try:radius=random.randint(1,10)height=random.randint(1,10)print("Randomlygeneratedradius:",radius)print("Randomlygeneratedheight:",height)volume=calculate_cone_volume(radius,height)print("Thevolumeoftheconeis:",volume)exceptValueError:print("Anerroroccurredwhilegeneratingrandomnumbers.")if__name__=="__main__":main()4.编写程序，从键盘输入一个年份值，判断该年是否为国年并输出判断结果。(提示:若该年份值能被4整除且不能被100整除或者该份值能被400整除，则该是年，否则不是。)答案：defis_leap_year(year):if(year%4==0andyear%100!=0)or(year%400==0):returnTrueelse:returnFalsedefmain():try:year=int(input("Enterayear:"))ifis_leap_year(year):print(f"{year}isaleapyear.")else:print(f"{year}isnotaleapyear.")exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseenteravalidyear.")if__name__=="__main__":main()5.编写程序，从键盘输入三个数，计算并输出三个数中最大的数。答案：deffind_max(a,b,c):returnmax(a,b,c)defmain():try:num1=float(input("Enterthefirstnumber:"))num2=float(input("Enterthesecondnumber:"))num3=float(input("Enterthethirdnumber:"))max_num=find_max(num1,num2,num3)print("Themaximumnumberis:",max_num)exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseentervalidnumericalvalues.")if__name__=="__main__":main()6.编写程序，从键盘输入三个数，实现三个数从小到大排序并输出结果。答案：defsort_numbers(num1,num2,num3):#使用列表的sort()方法对三个数进行排序sorted_numbers=[num1,num2,num3]sorted_numbers.sort()returnsorted_numbersdefmain():try:num1=float(input("Enterthefirstnumber:"))num2=float(input("Enterthesecondnumber:"))num3=float(input("Enterthethirdnumber:"))sorted_numbers=sort_numbers(num1,num2,num3)print("Numberssortedinascendingorder:",sorted_numbers)exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseentervalidnumericalvalues.")if__name__=="__main__":main()7.编写程序，从键盘输入a、b、c的值，计算一元二次方程x+bx+c-0的根，并根据62-4ac的值大于0等于0及小于0三种情分别进行讨论。答案：importmathdefquadratic_equation_roots(a,b,c):D=b**2-4*a*cifD>0:x1=(-b+math.sqrt(D))/(2*a)x2=(-b-math.sqrt(D))/(2*a)return"Twodistinctrealroots:x1={:.2f},x2={:.2f}".format(x1,x2)elifD==0:x=-b/(2*a)return"Twoequalrealroots:x={:.2f}".format(x)else:real_part=-b/(2*a)imaginary_part=math.sqrt(abs(D))/(2*a)return"Twocomplexroots:x1={:.2f}+{:.2f}i,x2={:.2f}-{:.2f}i".format(real_part,imaginary_part,real_part,imaginary_part)defmain():try:a=float(input("Enterthevalueofa:"))b=float(input("Enterthevalueofb:"))c=float(input("Enterthevalueofc:"))result=quadratic_equation_roots(a,b,c)print("Rootsofthequadraticequation:")print(result)exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseentervalidnumericalvalues.")if__name__=="__main__":main()8.编写程序，从键盘输入一个字符，如果是大写英文字母则将其转换为小写英文字母，如果是小写英文字母则将其转换为大写英文字母，其他字符原样输出。答案：defmain():try:char=input("Enteracharacter:")ifchar.isupper():converted_char=char.lower()elifchar.islower():converted_char=char.upper()else:converted_char=charprint("Convertedcharacter:",converted_char)exceptKeyboardInterrupt:print("\nProgramterminatedbytheuser.")if__name__=="__main__":main()9.编写程序，从键盘输入数字n，通过循环结构计算从1到n的乘积。答案：defcalculate_factorial_with_for(n):factorial=1foriinrange(1,n+1):factorial*=ireturnfactorialdefmain():try:n=int(input("Enteranumber(n):"))ifn<0:print("Pleaseenteranon-negativeinteger.")returnresult=calculate_factorial_with_for(n)print(f"Thefactorialof{n}is:{result}")exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseenteravalidinteger.")if__name__=="__main__":main()10.编写程序，通过循环结构计算全部的水仙花数。水仙花数是一个三位数，该数正好等于组成该二位数的各位数字的立方和。例如，13+5+33-153。答案：defis_armstrong_number(num):num_str=str(num)num_digits=len(num_str)total=0fordigit_charinnum_str:digit=int(digit_char)total+=digit**num_digitsreturntotal==numdefmain():armstrong_numbers=[]fornuminrange(100,1000):ifis_armstrong_number(num):armstrong_numbers.append(num)print("AllArmstrongnumbersbetween100and999are:")print(armstrong_numbers)if__name__=="__main__":main()11.编写程序，通过循环结构计算并输出满足条件的正方体的体积:正方体棱长从1到10，依次计算体积，当体积大于100时停止输出。答案：defcalculate_cube_volume(side_length):volume=side_length**3returnvolumedefmain():max_volume=100forside_lengthinrange(1,11):volume=calculate_cube_volume(side_length)ifvolume>max_volume:breakprint(f"Cubewithsidelength{side_length}:Volume={volume}")if__name__=="__main__":main()12.编写程序，从键盘输入一个整数并判断该数的类别:其因数之和等于数字本身的数称为完全数，比数字本身大的数称为丰沛数，比数字本身小的数称为不足数。答案：defget_factors_sum(num):factors_sum=0foriinrange(1,num):ifnum%i==0:factors_sum+=ireturnfactors_sumdefmain():try:num=int(input("Enteraninteger:"))ifnum<=0:print("Pleaseenterapositiveinteger.")returnfactors_sum=get_factors_sum(num)iffactors_sum==num:print(f"{num}isaperfectnumber.")eliffactors_sum>num:print(f"{num}isanabundantnumber.")else:print(f"{num}isadeficientnumber.")exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseenteravalidinteger.")if__name__=="__main__":main()13.编写程序，使用双重循环结构输出如图3-18所示的运行结果。defprint_diamond(rows):foriinrange(1,rows//2+2):spaces=rows//2+1-istars=2*i-1print(""*spaces+"*"*stars)foriinrange(rows//2,0,-1):spaces=rows//2+1-istars=2*i-1print(""*spaces+"*"*stars)defmain():rows=7print_diamond(rows)if__name__=="__main__":main()14.编写程序，生成一个0~100之间的随机数，然后让用户尝试猜测这个数字。程序给出猜测方向(更大或更小)的提示，用户继续进行猜测，直到用户猜测成功或输入一个0～100以外的数字后退出游戏。答案：importrandomdefmain():secret_number=random.randint(0,100)whileTrue:try:guess=int(input("Guessthenumber(0-100):"))ifguess<0orguess>100:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseenteranumberbetween0and100.")elifguess<secret_number:print("Toolow.Tryagain.")elifguess>secret_number:print("Toohigh.Tryagain.")else:print("Congratulations!Youguessedthecorrectnumber:",secret_number)breakexceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseenteravalidinteger.")if__name__=="__main__":main()15.编写程序，计算Fibonacci数列的前20项(Fibonacci数列的特点是，第1、2项的值都为1，从第3项开始，每项都是前两项之和)。答案：deffibonacci_sequence(n):sequence=[1,1]#初始的前两项为1foriinrange(2,n):next_number=sequence[i-1]+sequence[i-2]sequence.append(next_number)returnsequencedefmain():n=20fibonacci_seq=fibonacci_sequence(n)print("Fibonaccisequence(first20terms):",fibonacci_seq)if__name__=="__main__":main()16.编写程序，从键盘输入两个正整数，计算两个数的最大图3-18第13题的运行结果公约数和最小公倍数。答案：defcalculate_gcd(a,b):whileb!=0:a,b=b,a%breturnadefcalculate_lcm(a,b):return(a*b)//calculate_gcd(a,b)defmain():try:num1=int(input("Enterthefirstpositiveinteger:"))num2=int(input("Enterthesecondpositiveinteger:"))ifnum1<=0ornum2<=0:print("Pleaseenterpositiveintegers.")returngcd=calculate_gcd(num1,num2)lcm=calculate_lcm(num1,num2)print("GreatestCommonDivisor(GCD):",gcd)print("LeastCommonMultiple(LCM):",lcm)exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseentervalidpositiveintegers.")if__name__=="__main__":main()17.编写程序，判断一个整数是否为素数（判断整数x是否为素数，最简单的方法就是用2~x-1之间的所有整数逐一去除x，若x能被其中任意一个数整除，则x就不是素数，否则为素数)。答案：defis_prime(number):ifnumber<=1:returnFalseforiinrange(2,number):ifnumber%i==0:returnFalsereturnTruedefmain():try:num=int(input("Enteraninteger:"))ifis_prime(num):print(f"{num}isaprimenumber.")else:print(f"{num}isnotaprimenumber.")exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseenteravalidinteger.")if__name__=="__main__":main()18.编写程序，实现一个循环5次的计算小游戏，每次随机产生两个100以内的数字，让用户计算两个数字之和并输入结果，如果计算结果正确则加一分，如果计算结果错误则不加分。如果正确率大于或等于80%，则闯关成功。答案：importrandomdefgenerate_random_numbers():num1=random.randint(1,100)num2=random.randint(1,100)returnnum1,num2defmain():correct_count=0total_attempts=5for_inrange(total_attempts):num1,num2=generate_random_numbers()correct_answer=num1+num2try:user_answer=int(input(f"Whatisthesumof{num1}and{num2}?"))ifuser_answer==correct_answer:print("Correct!")correct_count+=1else:print(f"Wrong!Thecorrectansweris{correct_answer}.")exceptValueError:print("Invalidinput.Pleaseenteravalidinteger.")accuracy=(correct_count/total_attempts)*100print(f"\nYougot{correct_count}outof{total_attempts}correctanswers.")print(f"Youraccuracyis{accuracy:.2f}%.")ifaccuracy>=80:print("Congratulations!Youpassedthechallenge.")else:print("Sorry,youneedahigheraccuracytopassthechallenge.")if__name__=="__main__":main()19.编写程序，从键盘输入一个姓名（可能为2个字、3个字或4个字)，将该姓名的第2个汉字修改为*号。如果索引出错，则进行异常处理并提示索引错误。答案：defmodify_second_character(name):try:iflen(name)<2orlen(name)>4:raiseIndexError("Nameshouldhave2,3,or4characters.")modified_name=name[:1]+"*"+name[2:]returnmodified_nameexceptIndexErrorase:print("Error:",e)returnNonedefmain():name=input("Enteraname(2,3,or4characters):")modified_name=modify_second_character(name)ifmodified_nameisnotNone:print("Modifiedname:",modified_name)if__name__=="__main__":main()20.编写程序，从键盘输入用户名和密码，判断该用户名和密码是否均在文件information.txt中。若在，则提示用户名和密码正确，否则提示用户名和密码错误。如果文件打开失败，则进行异常处理并提示文件打开失败，否则关闭文件。无论文件打开成功与否，最后均会打印出输入的用户名和密码。答案：首先，确保在运行程序之前，创建一个名为"information.txt"的文本文件，并在其中按照以下格式存储用户名和密码，每行一个记录：username1password1username2password2...defcheck_credentials(username,password,file_path):try:withopen(file_path,"r")asfile:forlineinfile:stored_username,stored_password=line.strip().split()ifusername==stored_usernameandpassword==stored_password:returnTrueexceptFileNotFoundError:print("Filenotfound.Unabletocheckcredentials.")exceptExceptionase:print("Anerroroccurred:",e)returnFalsedefmain():file_path="information.txt"username=input("Enteryourusername:")password=input("Enteryourpassword:")ifcheck_credentials(username,password,file_path):print("Usernameandpasswordarecorrect.")else:print("Usernameand/orpasswordareincorrect.")print("Inputusername:",username)print("Inputpassword:",password)if__name__=="__main__":main()第四章Python的组合数据类型一、单选题1-5 D、B、B、B、A6-10 B、C、A、D、B11-15 B、A、B、D、C二、程序填空题（1）range(len(s))（2）in（3）d+chr(p+ord('a'))（4）print三、程序设计题答案：defcalculate_luhn_checksum(card_number):digits=[int(digit)fordigitinstr(card_number)][::-1]doubled_digits=[2*digitifindex%2==1elsedigitforindex,digitinenumerate(digits)]summed_digits=[digitifdigit<10elsedigit-9fordigitindoubled_digits]total_sum=sum(summed_digits)checksum=(10-(total_sum%10))%10returnchecksumdefis_valid_card_number(card_number):try:card_number=int(card_number)checksum=calculate_luhn_checksum(card_number//10)returnchecksum==card_number%10exceptValueError:returnFalsedefmain():card_number=input("Enterthecreditcardnumber:")ifis_valid_card_number(card_number):print("Thecreditcardnumberisvalid.")else:print("Thecreditcardnumberisinvalid.")if__name__=="__main__":main()第五章文件与基于文本文件的数据分析一、选择题1-4 ABDA二、程序设计题1.统计flel.txt文件中包含的字符个数和行数。答案：defcount_characters_and_lines(filename):character_count=0line_count=0try:withopen(filename,'r')asfile:forlineinfile:character_count+=len(line)line_count+=1exceptFileNotFoundError:print(f"File'{filename}'notfound.")exceptExceptionase:print("Anerroroccurred:",str(e))returncharacter_count,line_countdefmain():filename="file.txt"#替换成实际的文件名character_count,line_count=count_characters_and_lines(filename)print(f"Charactercount:{character_count}")print(f"Linecount:{line_count}")if__name__=="__main__":main()2.将flel.txt文件中的每行按降序方式输出到fle2.txt文件中。答案：defwrite_lines_in_desc_order(input_file,output_file):try:withopen(input_file,'r')asf:lines=f.readlines()#对每行进行降序排序sorted_lines=sorted(lines,reverse=True)withopen(output_file,'w')asf:f.writelines(sorted_lines)print("Lineswrittentofle2.txtindescendingorder.")exceptFileNotFoundError:print(f"File'{input_file}'notfound.")exceptExceptionase:print("Anerroroccurred:",str(e))defmain():input_file="flel.txt"#输入文件名output_file="fle2.txt"#输出文件名write_lines_in_desc_order(input_file,output_file)if__name__=="__main__":main()3.scorestxt文件中存放着某班学生的计算机课成绩，包含学号、平时成绩、期末成绩二列。请根据平时成绩占40%、期末成绩占60%的比例计算总评成绩，并按学号、总评成绩两列写入另一个文件scoredtxt中。同时在屏幕上输出学生总人数，按总评成绩计算90分以上、80~89分、70~79分、6069分、60分以下各成绩区间的人数和班级总平均分取两位小数)。答案：defcalculate_final_score(hw_score,final_score):return0.4*hw_score+0.6*final_scoredefmain():scores_file="scorestxt"#输入文件名output_file="scoredtxt"#输出文件名total_students=0total_score=0count_90_above=0count_80_89=0count_70_79=0count_60_69=0count_below_60=0withopen(scores_file,'r')asf:lines=f.readlines()withopen(output_file,'w')asf_out:f_out.write("学号总评成绩\n")forlineinlines:student_data=line.strip().split()iflen(student_data)==3:student_id=student_data[0]hw_score=float(student_data[1])final_score=float(student_data[2])final_score=calculate_final_score(hw_score,final_score)f_out.write(f"{student_id}{final_score:.2f}\n")total_students+=1total_score+=final_scoreiffinal_score>=90:count_90_above+=1elif80<=final_score<90:count_80_89+=1elif70<=final_score<80:count_70_79+=1elif60<=final_score<70:count_60_69+=1else:count_below_60+=1class_average=total_score/total_studentsprint("学生总人数:",total_students)print("90分以上的人数:",count_90_above)print("80-89分的人数:",count_80_89)print("70-79分的人数:",count_70_79)print("60-69分的人数:",count_60_69)print("60分以下的人数:",count_below_60)print("班级总平均分:",f"{class_average:.2f}")if__name__=="__main__":main()4.从网上获取党的二十大报告，并利用第三方库ieba进行分词，统计词频，将出现100次以上的词用第三方库wordcloud可视化为词云，如图5-11所示。答案：略。第六章函数一、选择题1—5 DCDAD6.A二、程序设计题1.略2.（1）random.uniform(0.01,rest/2)（2）total（3）i+1（4）money3.（1）len(passwd)（2）return（3）break（4）st第七章面向对象的程序设计与Python生态选择题1-5 CCBBB6-8 CDC第八章图形华界面设计一、选择题1-5 DDAAB6-8 AAA二、程序设计题1.加法计算程序。将操作数填入输入框后，单击“加法”按钮将算式和结果填入下方的结果文本框中。单击“清空”按钮将清空输入框和结果文本框。效果如图8-25所示。答：略。2.四则运算程序。将操作数填入输入框后，单击单选按钮选择运算方式，并将算式和结果显示在下方标签上。效果如图8-26所示。答：略。3.参照例46设计图形化用户界面，实现输入18位身份证号码，能够辨别其是否为合法号码。若为合法号码，则进一步判断性别。效果如图8-27所示。答：略。4.售票程序。在窗体上放置提示标签、单选按钮组、输入框、命令按钮和多行文本框根据所选不同景点的名称、门票价格和购票张数计算总票价。景点“东方明珠”、“野生动物园”和“科技馆”的门票价格分别为160元、130元和60元。在输入框中输入购票张数，单击“计算”按钮，将在多行文本框中显示景点名称、购票张数及票价。计算票价的标准:•若购票张数大于或等于50张，则票价为原价的80%;•若购票张数大于或等于20张，则票价为原价的95%;•其他情况维持原价。效果如图8-28所示。答：略。第九章图形绘制与数据可视化1.答：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotasplt#创建400x400像素的画布fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(4,4))#设置坐标轴放大倍数x_scale=80y_scale=35#绘制坐标轴ax.axhline(y=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)ax.axvline(x=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)#设置坐标轴范围ax.set_xlim(-x_scale*1.7,x_scale*1.7)ax.set_ylim(-y_scale,y_scale)#在区间[-1.7,1.7]上生成步长为0.02的x值x_values=np.arange(-1.7,1.7,0.02)#定义函数f(x)deff(x):return3*x-3*x+4*np.sin(x)#绘制放射线ax.plot(x_values,f(x_values),color='black',label='QuadrantI')ax.plot(x_values,-f(x_values),color='red',label='QuadrantII')ax.plot(x_values,-f(x_values)+4,color='green',label='QuadrantIV')ax.plot(x_values,f(x_values)-4,color='blue',label='QuadrantIII')#添加图例ax.legend()#显示图形plt.show()2.答：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotasplt#创建400x400像素的画布fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(4,4))#设置坐标轴放大倍数x_scale=80y_scale=35#绘制坐标轴ax.axhline(y=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)ax.axvline(x=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)#设置坐标轴范围ax.set_xlim(-x_scale*1.7,x_scale*1.7)ax.set_ylim(-y_scale,y_scale)#在区间[-1.7,1.7]上生成步长为0.02的x值x_values=np.arange(-1.7,1.7,0.02)#定义函数f(x)deff(x):return3*x-3*x+4*np.sin(x)#绘制函数图形ax.plot(x_values,f(x_values),color='red')ax.plot(x_values,-f(x_values)+20,color='blue')#显示图形plt.show()3.答：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotasplt#创建600x600像素的画布fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(6,6))#绘制坐标轴ax.axhline(y=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)ax.axvline(x=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)#参数aa=80#定义函数x(t)和y(t)defx(t):returna*(2*np.sin(t)-np.sin(2*t))defy(t):returna*(2*np.cos(t)-np.cos(2*t))#在区间[-2*pi,2*pi]上生成步长为0.01的t值t_values=np.arange(-2*np.pi,2*np.pi,0.01)#绘制函数图形ax.plot(x(t_values),y(t_values),color='blue')#设置坐标轴范围ax.set_xlim(-a*3,a*3)ax.set_ylim(-a*3,a*3)#显示图形plt.show()4.答：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotasplt#创建600x600像素的画布fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(6,6))#设置画布半宽和半高w=300h=300#绘制坐标轴ax.axhline(y=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)ax.axvline(x=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)#设置坐标轴范围ax.set_xlim(-w,w)ax.set_ylim(-h,h)#在区间[0,2π]上生成步长为0.01的t值t_values=np.arange(0,2*np.pi,0.01)#定义x和y的计算公式x=(w/4)*np.cos(2*t_values)*np.sin(t_values)y=(h/4)*np.cos(2*t_values)*np.cos(t_values)#绘制花形状ax.plot(x,y-10,color='red',label='QuadrantII')ax.plot(x,-y+10,color='green',label='QuadrantIIIandIV')#添加图例ax.legend()#显示图形plt.show()5.答：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotasplt#创建600x600像素的画布fig,ax=plt.subplots(figsize=(6,6))#设置画布半宽和半高w=300h=300#绘制坐标轴ax.axhline(y=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)ax.axvline(x=0,color='red',linestyle='-',linewidth=1)#设置坐标轴范围ax.set_xlim(-w,w)ax.set_ylim(-h,h)#在区间[0,25]上生成步长为0.01的t值t_values=np.arange(0,25,0.01)#定义x和y的计算公式x=w/32*(np.cos(t_values)+t_values*np.sin(t_values))y=h/32*(np.sin(t_values)-t_values*np.cos(t_values))#绘制螺线ax.plot(x,y,color='blue')#显示图形plt.show()第十章正则表达式与简单爬虫1.根据下列字符串的构成规律写出正则表达式，并尝试利用re库中的有关方法实现对测试字符串的匹配、搜索、切分、分组和替换操作。(1)E-mail地址。答案：importreemail_pattern=r"^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$"test_string="example@"ifre.match(email_pattern,test_string):print("匹配成功：",test_string)else:print("匹配失败：",test_string)(2)IPv4地址。答案：importreipv4_pattern=r"^(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$"test_string=""ifre.match(ipv4_pattern,test_string):print("匹配成功：",test_string)else:print("匹配失败：",test_string)(3)国内手机号码。答案：importrephone_pattern=r"^1[3-9]\d{9}$"test_string=ifre.match(phone_pattern,test_string):print("匹配成功：",test_string)else:print("匹配失败：",test_string)(4)国内电话号码(0开头的34位区号-5~8位号码)。答案：importretelephone_pattern=r"^0\d{2,3}-\d{5,8}$"test_string=ifre.match(telephone_pattern,test_string):print("匹配成功：",test_string)else:print("匹配失败：",test_string)(5)18位身份证号码(不考虑大小月、闰月和校验规则)。答案：importreid_card_pattern=r"^\d{17}[\dXx]$"test_string=ifre.match(id_card_pattern,test_string):print("匹配成功：",test_string)else:print("匹配失败：",test_string)2.创建简单爬虫程序，实现对静态网页（例如，本校的院系主页、昵图网、知乎日报、淘宝网等）中新闻标题、JPG、PNG、GIF图片或MP3等素材的自动下载。简单的示例来实现对网页中的图片下载。我们将使用Python的requests库进行网页请求，BeautifulSoup库进行页面解析，并使用urllib库进行文件下载。首先，确保已安装所需的库。您可以使用以下命令来安装它们：pipinstallrequestsbeautifulsoup4接下来，我们将实现一个简单的图片下载器。importosimportrequestsfrombs4importBeautifulSoupfromurllib.parseimporturljoindefdownload_images(url,save_folder):response=requests.get(url)soup=BeautifulSoup(response.text,'html.parser')ifnotos.path.exists(save_folder):os.makedirs(save_folder)forimg_taginsoup.find_all('img'):img_url=img_tag.get('src')ifimg_url:img_url=urljoin(url,img_url)filename=os.path.join(save_folder,os.path.basename(img_url))download_file(img_url,filename)defdownload_file(url,save_path):withrequests.get(url,stream=True)asresponse:response.raise_for_status()withopen(save_path,'wb')asf:forchunkinresponse.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):f.write(chunk)if__name__=="__main__":url=""#替换为您要爬取的网页URLsave_folder="images"#图片保存目录，可以根据需要修改download_images(url,save_folder)第十一章数据库操作1.答：importsqlite3#创建数据库文件Businessdbconn=sqlite3.connect('Businessdb.db')cursor=conn.cursor()#创建Info表cursor.execute('''CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTSInfo(product_idTEXT,product_nameTEXT,unit_priceINTEGER)''')#创建Customer表cursor.execute('''CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTSCustomer(customer_idTEXT,customer_nameTEXT,product_idTEXT)''')#输出Info表的所有内容defshow_info_table():cursor.execute('SELECT*FROMInfo')info_records=cursor.fetchall()forrecordininfo_records:print(f'ProductID:{record[0]},ProductName:{record[1]},UnitPrice:{record[2]}')#添加商品购买信息到Customer表defadd_customer_record(customer_id,customer_name,product_id):cursor.execute('INSERTINTOCustomerVALUES(?,?,?)',(customer_id,customer_name,product_id))mit()print("Customerrecordaddedsuccessfully.")#查询顾客编号的消费金额defshow_customer_total_amount(customer_id):cursor.execute('SELECTcustomer_id,SUM(unit_price)AStotal_amountFROMCustomer''JOINInfoONCduct_id=Iduct_id''WHEREcustomer_id=?GROUPBYcustomer_id',(customer_id,))result=cursor.fetchone()ifresult:print(f'CustomerID:{result[0]},TotalAmount:{result[1]}')else:print("CustomerIDnotfound.")#示例数据：添加一些商品信息cursor.executemany('INSERTINTOInfoVALUES(?,?,?)',[('130207','ProductA',100),('130208','ProductB',200),('130209','ProductC',150)])mit()#输出Info表的所有内容show_info_table()#添加商品购买信息whileTrue:customer_id=input("请输入顾客编号(输入0退出程序):")ifcustomer_id=='0':breakcustomer_name=input("请输入顾客姓名:")product_id=input("请输入购买商品编号:")add_customer_record(customer_id,customer_name,product_id)#查询顾客编号的消费金额customer_id_input=input("请输入顾客编号查询消费金额:")show_customer_total_amount(customer_id_input)#关闭数据库连接conn.close()2.答：importsqlite3#创建数据库文件flmdbconn=sqlite3.connect('flmdb.db')cursor=conn.cursor()#创建“热映电影”表cursor.execute('''CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTShot_movies(movie_nameTEXT,movie_typeTEXT,movie_regionTEXT)''')#创建“排片”表cursor.execute('''CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTSschedules(movie_nameTEXT,theaterTEXT,ticket_priceINTEGER)''')#输出“热映电影”表的所有内容defshow_hot_movies():cursor.execute('SEL