Environmental Biotechnology智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨工业大学

EnvironmentalBiotechnology智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨工业大学

绪论单元测试

Whichofthefollowingsayingarecorrect（

）.

A:Quantificationanalysismakesprocessesreliableandcost-effective.B:Microbiologicaltreatmenttechnologiesdevelopedatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,suchasactivatedsludgeandanaerobicdigestion,remainmainstaystoday.C:

Empiricismisveryimportantinenvironmentalbiotechnologybesidestheprinciplesofmicrobiologyandengineering.D:Molecularbiologyisthesubstitutefortraditionalmethodsinexploringmicrobialcommunities.

答案:Quantificationanalysismakesprocessesreliableandcost-effective.;Microbiologicaltreatmenttechnologiesdevelopedatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,suchasactivatedsludgeandanaerobicdigestion,remainmainstaystoday.;

Empiricismisveryimportantinenvironmentalbiotechnologybesidestheprinciplesofmicrobiologyandengineering.

第一章测试

Thebasicreactionsinvolvedinbacterialgrowth,including（）.

A:energy-producingreactions

B:cellsynthesisreactions

C:energy-consumingreactions

D:fermentationreactions

答案:energy-producingreactions

;cellsynthesisreactions

Inmicrobialmetabolism,NO3-andSO42-canbeusedaselectronacceptorsin（）.

A:theabsenceofenzymes

B:inthepresenceofcytochromes

C:theabsenceofATP

D:theabsenceofoxygen

答案:theabsenceofoxygen

fs0+fe0=（

）.

A:1

B:1.1

C:2

D:0.9

答案:1

Theamountofdonorusedforenergyproductionforcellssynthesisrelatedtobothenergyrequiredforcellsynthesisandenergyreleasedfromdonoroxidation.()

A:对B:错

答案:对

ThenetyieldYnwillsometimesequalstotrueyieldY.()

A:对B:错

答案:错

第二章测试

Whichofthefollowingistherightdefinitionof‘safetyfactor’inengineering?（）

A:θx/[θxmin]limB:θxmin/θxC:S0/SminD:

θx/θxmin

答案:

θx/θxmin

Thedecayofactivebiomassisafirst-orderfunction,includingthefractionfortruerespirationandforinert.()

A:错B:对

答案:对

Solidsretentiontimeorsludgeageisthereciprocalofthenetspecificgrowthrate.()

A:对B:错

答案:对

UAPisbiodegradedconsiderablyfasterthanisBAP.()

A:错B:对

答案:对

Thetrueyieldcannotbeestimatedfromexperiments.()

A:错B:对

答案:错

第三章测试

Theidealizedbiofilmhavingthefollowingpropertiesexcept().

A:Mass-transportresistanceisnotimportanttothebiofilm.

B:Thebiofilmhasauniformbiomassdensity.

C:HasalocallyuniformthicknessofLf.

D:AneffectivediffusionlayerofthicknessLrepresentsexternalmass-transportresistance.

答案:Mass-transportresistanceisnotimportanttothebiofilm.

Thefollowingdescriptionofthefundamental“law”ofthesteady-statebiofilmiscorrect.()

A:Thegrowthofnewbiomass(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitareab’XfLf.B:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitareaperhour(YJ

T)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitareab’XfLf.C:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitarea(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.D:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitareaperhour(YJ

T)isjustbalancedbythelosses.

答案:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitarea(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.

Themodelofasteady-statebiofilmrequiressimultaneoussolutionof().

A:mass-balanceforsubstratetransporttothebiofilm.

B:mass-balanceforactivebiomassinthebiofilm

C:boundaryandcontinuityconditions.

D:mass-balanceforsubstrateinthebiofilm.

答案:mass-balanceforsubstratetransporttothebiofilm.

;mass-balanceforactivebiomassinthebiofilm

;boundaryandcontinuityconditions.

;mass-balanceforsubstrateinthebiofilm.

Thefollowingfiguresshowsthat().

A:Jand

XfLf

increasesverysharplyasSincreasesslightlyaboveSmin.B:ForverylargeS,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesgraduallyandeventuallyapproachesthelimitingcaseofone-half-orderkinetics,orJ=k1/2S1/2

.C:ForSlargeenough,J(andXfLf)increasesforlargerS,becausethesubstrateconcentrationsinsidethebiofilmriseinresponsetoahigherS.D:AtsomevalueofS>Smin,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesfromnearinfinityandapproaches1.0.

答案:Jand

XfLf

increasesverysharplyasSincreasesslightlyaboveSmin.;ForverylargeS,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesgraduallyandeventuallyapproachesthelimitingcaseofone-half-orderkinetics,orJ=k1/2S1/2

.;ForSlargeenough,J(andXfLf)increasesforlargerS,becausethesubstrateconcentrationsinsidethebiofilmriseinresponsetoahigherS.;AtsomevalueofS>Smin,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesfromnearinfinityandapproaches1.0.

Theresultofmass-transportresistanceisthatthesubstrateconcentrationsatanypositioninthebiofilmusuallyarelowerthaninthebulkliquid.()

A:错B:对

答案:对

Twobiofilmshavingthesamephysicalthickness,shouldhavesimilarvalues.()

A:错B:对

答案:错

Thefundamentalunderstandingofasteady-statebiofilmisthatthebiomassperunitsurfacearea(XfLf)isconstantintime,andthebiomassatanyonelocationisatsteadystate.

A:对B:错

答案:错

S*min

represents

thegrowthpotentialinthesteady-state-biofilmmodel,andS*min

muchlessthan1.0indicatesthenetpositivegrowthismuchgreaterthantheloss.(

)

A:错B:对

答案:对

K*comparesexternalmasstransporttothemaximumutilizationrate.K*lessthan1meansthatthesubstrateutilizationiscontrolledbyexternalmasstransport.()

A:错B:对

答案:对

Fordeepbiofilm,ithasthemaximumfluxintothebiofilm.()

A:对B:错

答案:对

第四章测试

Whichofthefollowingshouldbebalancedinamodel?()

A:COD

B:componentsinmole/L

C:elements

D:charges

答案:COD

;elements

;charges

Anabolismisrelatedtotherateofsubstrateuptakebyayield.()

A:对B:错

答案:对

NitriteisincludedinASM1.()

A:错B:对

答案:错

Hydrolysisisusuallysimulatedviafirstorderkinetic.()

A:错B:对

答案:对

BothanoxicandaerobicgrowthofheterotrophsareconsideredinASM1.()

A:错B:对

答案:对

第五章测试

Secondaryconsumersintheactivatedsludgesysteminclude:().

A:predators

B:heterotrophicbacteria

C:prokaryotes

D:chemolithotrophicbacteria

答案:predators

;prokaryotes

;chemolithotrophicbacteria

Whichoneofthefollowingisthemostpopularreactorconfigurationsbeingusedinwastewatertreatmentthesedays().

A:ModifiedAeration

B:ConventionalAeration

C:Completelymixed

D:Stepaeration

答案:Completelymixed

TheconventionalactivatedsludgesystemcouldremoveBOD5andsuspendedsolids(SS)by()percentormoreformunicipalsewagetreatment.

A:80

B:75

C:90

D:85

答案:85

Foraconventionaldesignfortheactivatedsludgetreatmentofdomesticsewage,theF/Mratiosuggestedis0.25to0.5kgBOD5perdayperkgMLSS.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

Inmostsituations,theelectrondonor,ortheBOD,isratelimitingformicroorganismreproductionandgrowth.（）

A:对B:错

答案:对

第六章测试

Whatisthepurposeoftheeffluentrecyclelineintwo-phasesystemoffluidized-bed?()

A:supportoxygenbyoxygenatorsystem

B:controltheupwardflowvelocity

C:increasethebedturbulence

D:controltheBODloadingininfluent

答案:supportoxygenbyoxygenatorsystem

;controltheupwardflowvelocity

Inbiologicalcontactors(RBC),thepercentsubmergenceistoohighandmightleadto().

A:oxygendeficit

B:highersuspendsludge

C:lowerCODineffluent

D:odor

答案:oxygendeficit

;highersuspendsludge

;odor

Themicrobialpopulationinbiofilmandactivatedsludgearedifferentinspeciesowingtothedifferencesinthemicroorganismaccumulatedformation,althoughtherearesameelectrondonorsandacceptors.()

A:错B:对

答案:对

Thechangingofinfluent(Q)isusuallycontrolledtochangthesurfaceloadingoftricklingfiltersandbiologicaltower.()

A:对B:错

答案:错

Themediumwillnotmoveextensivelywhenitisuniforminfluidized-bedreactor.()

A:错B:对

答案:错

第七章测试

Advantagesofanaerobictreatmentinclude().

A:Produceusefulendproducts.

B:Lowproductionofwastebiologicalsolids.

C:Highorganicloadingispossible.

D:Highremovalefficiencywithdilutewastes.

答案:Produceusefulendproducts.

;Lowproductionofwastebiologicalsolids.

;Highorganicloadingispossible.

Thesuccessfulstart-upandoperationofananaerobicsystemrequires:().

A:Beginwithasmuchgoodanaerobicseedaspossible.

B:Bringthesystemtotemperature.

C:Fillthedigesterwithseedandwater.

D:AddbufferingmaterialintheformofchemicaltoprotectagainstpHdrop.

答案:Beginwithasmuchgoodanaerobicseedaspossible.

;Bringthesystemtotemperature.

;Fillthedigesterwithseedandwater.

;AddbufferingmaterialintheformofchemicaltoprotectagainstpHdrop.

Possiblemethodstocontroltoxicityinanaerobictreatments:().

A:Thetoxicityofsomeheavymetalscanberemovedbyadditionofsulfide.

B:Thetoxicityoflong-chainfattyacidscanbereducedbycalcium.

C:MaintainingalowerpHcanreduceammoniatoxicity.

D:Thetoxicityofsulfidecanbereducedbygasstrippingfromthereactor.

答案:Thetoxicityofsomeheavymetalscanberemovedbyadditionofsulfide.

;Thetoxicityoflong-chainfattyacidscanbereducedbycalcium.

;MaintainingalowerpHcanreduceammoniatoxicity.

;Thetoxicityofsulfidecanbereducedbygasstrippingfromthereactor.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutthecharacteristicsofbaffledreactor:().

A:Wastewatermovesupwardanddownward.

B:Designloadingtypicallyisintherangeof4to15kgCOD/m3-d.

C:Arecyclelinecanbeaddedtoremovebiosolidsfromthelastchamberandreturnthemtothefirst.

D:OvercomethebiosolidslossfromtheUASBsystem.

答案:Designloadingtypicallyisintherangeof4to15kgCOD/m3-d.

Estimatingthemethaneproductionofanaerobictreatmentprocessforwastewatercontaining1.0Mglucose:().

A:2.4mol.

B:3.36mol.

C:0.24mol.

D:2.64mol.

答案:2.4mol.

Theprocessofanaerobictreatmentcanbebrokenintowhichofthefollowingsteps:().

A:Thesimplecarbohydratesandacidsareutilizedtoobtainenergyforgrowthbyfermentingbacteria.

B:Hydrolysisandfermentationofcomplexorganicmatterintosimpleorganicacidandhydrogen.

C:Theorganicacidsarethenpartiallyusedbyarchaelmethanogenstoconvertthemintomethane.

D:Theconversionoftheorganicacidsandhydrogenintomethane.

答案:Hydrolysisandfermentationofcomplexorganicmatterintosimpleorganicacidandhydrogen.

;Theconversionoftheorganicacidsandhydrogenintomethane.

AnabsoluteminimumvalueofθxtoallowstablemethanogenesisforaCSTRis:().

A:10day.

B:15day.

C:5day.

D:20day.

答案:10day.

Thecontentsofthedigestercanbeheatedthrough:().

A:Heatexchangerslocatedinsidethedigester.

B:Injectedsteamthroughlancesordiffusers.

C:Pumpingbackwarmedsludgethroughexternalheatexchangers

D:Directheatingthereactor.

答案:Heatexchangerslocatedinsidethedigester.

;Injectedsteamthroughlancesordiffusers.

;Pumpingbackwarmedsludgethroughexternalheatexchangers

The