【解析】广东省深圳市实验学校高三适应性考试英语试题

深圳实验学校高中部2020届高三适应性考试英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAstudybytheInstituteforEmploymentStudiesfoundthatlearnersreportedhigherlifeenjoymentandgreaterconfidence.Thefollowingappswillhelpyoutolearnsomethingnew…QuizletWhetheryou’relearninggardeningknowledgeandcookingtechniques,orgettingtograspyourfavouriteliteratureclassics,theonlinelearningplatform,Quizlet,givesyouaccesstoover300milliondifferentstudysetsonalmostanysubjectyoucanimagine—forfree.Whetheryouarelearningaskillyourselforhelpingyourgrandchildrevisetheirschoolwork,Quizletisagreatstudyplatformformasteringanysubject.BabbelAswellasbeingagreatskilltoshowoffonholiday,learninganewlanguagecanhaveprofoundeffectsonthewayyouapproachproblemsolvingandmightevengiveyouahandinyourcareer.Notonlydoesspeakingalittleofthelocallanguagegiveyouagreatsenseofacplishment,studyingalanguagesparksastrongdesiretotravel,too.BlinkistBlinkististheperfectapptoassistyouthissummer,providingthekeyhighlightsfromnonfictionbooksinbothaudioandtextform.Whetheryouwanttostartanewbusiness,improveyourmanagementskills,orachieveabetterwork/lifebalance,microlearningappBlinkisttakeskeyideasfromnonfictiontextsandsummarizethemintoeasytoconsume15minutedigests.RementeWhethertheaimistoimprovementalwellbeing,mindfulness,stressmanagementorpersonalorprofessionalrelationships,Rementeguidesauserthrougheverystepinordertomaketheirgoalsareality.Itdoesthisthroughbreakingdownyouroverallaimintodailygoals,makinglargetasks,manageableandkeepingyouontrack.1.Whichappfavorsseniorcitizens?A.Babbel. B.Quizlet.C.Blinkist. D.Remente.2.WhatisspecialaboutBlinkist?A.Itprovideskeynonfictionbooks.B.Itimprovesyourmicrolearningability.C.Itoffersshortenednonfictionbooks.D.Itimprovesyourmanagementskills.3.Ifyou’restressedwithyournewbusiness,youcanchoose_____?A.Babbel&Quizlet B.Remente&QuizletC.Blinkist&Babbel D.Blinkist&Remente【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。就业研究所的一项研究发现学生的生活更快乐，更自信。文章介绍了一些应用程序将帮助你学习一些新东西……。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Quizlet中Whetheryouarelearningaskillyourselforhelpingyourgrandchildrevisetheirschoolwork,Quizletisagreatstudyplatformformasteringanysubject.“无论你是在自学一项技能，还是在帮助你的孙子复习功课，Quizlet都是一个学习任何科目的好平台。”由此可知，应用程序Quizlet更适合老年人。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Blinkist中microlearningappBlinkisttakeskeyideasfromnonfictiontextsandsummarizethemintoeasytoconsume15minutedigests.“微型学习应用Blinkist从非小说文本中提取关键思想，并将其总结成易于阅读的15分钟摘要。”由此可知，Blinkist的特别之处是它提供简写的非小说类书籍。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Blinkist中Blinkististheperfectapptoassistyouthissummer,providingthekeyhighlightsfromnonfictionbooksinbothaudioandtextform.Whetheryouwanttostartanewbusiness,improveyourmanagementskills,orachieveabetterwork/lifebalance,“Blinkist是一个完美应用程序来帮助你这个夏天，提供关键的亮点，从非小说书籍的音频和文本形式。无论你是想创业，提高管理技能，还是想更好地平衡工作和生活，”和Remente中Whethertheaimistoimprovementalwellbeing,mindfulness,stressmanagementorpersonalorprofessionalrelationships,Rementeguidesauserthrougheverystepinordertomaketheirgoalsareality.“无论其目的是改善心理健康、专注力、压力管理还是个人或职业关系，Remente都会引导用户通过每一步实现目标。”由此可知，如果你对你的新业务感到压力，你可以选择Blinkist&Remente。故选D。BTheymayseemlikeordinarypeoplebydaybutintheirsparetime,theseoffice,shopandschoolworkersbringhistorytolife.Duringtheweektheyworkinshops,offices,clinicsandschools,butatweekendstheytransformintoVikings,RomansandMedievalpeasants.Theworldofreenactment(重演)isboomingwithmoreandmoremenandwomentakingupthehobbyoftravellingtobygonetimes.Factorymanagerofabusyprinters,BrettFreeman,46,fromNottingham,changesinto“Padmore,”aVictorianstreetsellersellingstationery(文具).Alreadyaveteran(老兵)ofmilitaryreenactments,Brettjoinedthe“RaggedVictorians”whenmiddleagekickedin.“IwastoooldtoportrayasoldierbutIwantedtogetbackintothehobbyandtheRaggedVictorianslookedthebestintermsofbeinggenuine.”Athisfirstevent,groupmembersgavehim“loanergear”andayeartoresearchhischaracter.Histeethblackenedwiththeatricalstain,intophatandfloppycoat,BrettlookseverybithisVictorianimage.Seekinginspiration,BrettdippedintotheworksofVictorianjournalist,HenryMayhew,whowroteabouttheworkingpeopleofLondon.“MycharacterisinspiredbythedescriptionofastationerinMayhew’sLondonLabourandLondonPoor.Imixedthatupwithmyownbackgroundinprint,andlocalhistoricalsourcestocreatestreetstationer,Padmore,whichisthenameofmyVictoriangreatgreatgrandfather.”“Gettingintokit(装备)helpsimmenselyandonceyouareinthepublicareayoutrytoremainincharacterwhereverpossible.”Forextraauthenticity,BrettbineshislanguagewithVictoriansellingpatter(顺口溜),replacingtheword“envelope”with“hangflups.”“Reenactingisgreatfun,butwe’realwaysgladofahotshowerandafortablebedattheendoftheweekend,”saysBrett.“Normallifecanseemverydullafteraparticularlygoodweekend.Itwouldbewonderfultogobackintimeforavisit,butstudyingtheperiodasIhavedone,makesyourealisejusthowhardlifewasforourancestors.”4.WhydoesBrettchoosetobeaVictorianstreetseller?A.Hehasalreadyplayedaveteran.B.Portrayingasoldiernolongerfithim.C.Heisamanagerofabusyprinters.D.Hisblackenedteethmakeitreal.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“loanergear”inparagraph4mean?A.Stagecostumelenttohim. B.Moneypaidonloan.C.Adequatetime. D.Anassistant.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBrett?A.Braveandcareful. B.Kindandpositive.C.Humorousandcaring. D.Seriousanddevoted.7.Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage?A.Inaresearchreport. B.Inamagazine.C.Inatravelbrochure. D.Inanadvertisement.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍随着越来越多的男人和女人开始有了去旧时旅行的爱好，重现旧时的世界正在蓬勃发展。Brett就是这些人中的一个，文章重点叙述了他的演出经历。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Iwastoooldtoportrayasoldier“我太老了，不适合扮演一个士兵”。由此可知，Brett之所以选择成为维多利亚时代的街头小贩，是因为扮演士兵不再适合他了。故选B。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中Histeethblackenedwiththeatricalstain,intophatandfloppycoat,BrettlookseverybithisVictorianimage.“他的牙齿被夸张的污迹染黑了，戴着礼帽，穿着宽松的外套，Brett看起来完全是维多利亚时代的形象。”可知，“在他的第一次活动中，团队成员给了他“租借装备”和一年的时间来研究他的性格。”由此推知划线词的意思是“借给他衣服”。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段Seekinginspiration,BrettdippedintotheworksofVictorianjournalist,HenryMayhew,whowroteabouttheworkingpeopleofLondon.“为了寻找灵感，布雷特翻阅了维多利亚时代记者亨利·梅休的作品，梅休曾写过有关伦敦劳动人民的文章。”和第七段中Forextraauthenticity,BrettbineshislanguagewithVictoriansellingpatter(顺口溜),replacingtheword“envelope”with“hangflups.”为了更加真实，布雷特将他的语言与维多利亚时代的销售模式结合起来，将“envelope”替换为“hangflups”。由此可知，Brett认真投入。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Theymayseemlikeordinarypeoplebydaybutintheirsparetime,theseoffice,shopandschoolworkersbringhistorytolife.Duringtheweektheyworkinshops,offices,clinicsandschools,butatweekendstheytransformintoVikings,RomansandMedievalpeasants.Theworldofreenactment(重演)isboomingwithmoreandmoremenandwomentakingupthehobbyoftravellingtobygonetimes.“他们可能白天看起来像普通人，但在他们的业余时间，这些办公室、商店和学校的工作人员将历史带入生活。工作日，他们在商店、办公室、诊所和学校工作，但到了周末，他们就变成了维京人、罗马人和中世纪的农民。随着越来越多的男人和女人开始有了去旧时旅行的爱好，重现旧时的世界正在蓬勃发展。”由此可知，文章内容不可能来自“研究报告”、“旅游指南”和“一则广告”，它最有可能来自“一份杂志”。故选B。CHey,man,Goodtohearfromyouagain.YouremailcameinjustasIwaschattingwithanotherfriend,Jeff.IwishIhadbetteradvice.Youknow,afterIlefttheShenandoahValley,mynextjobwasinRockyMount.Thetwoothersportswritersonstaff,TravisandJeff,wereintheirmid20stoo.Honestly,we’detoRockyMounttoleaveRockyMount.WeplainedaboutourshopandenviedtheCharlotteObserverandtheRaleighNews&Observer.Whatresourcestheyhad!Writerswhocoveredonlyoneteamdidn’thavetolayoutpages.Talkaboutlivingthedream.Ifwecouldjustgettooneofthoseplaces!Thenwecouldgosomewhereelse!Travis,Jeff,andIbondedoverourdesiretopartways.Weatedinnertogetherandwentouttocoverourgamesandcamebacktohelpsendthefinalpagestotheprinter.Onthebestnights,we’dgrabthenewseditorsandplayWiffleball,laughingandjokinguntilalmostsunrise.Wealllefttherewithinayear,asintended.JeffbecameoneofthemostwellknownNASCARwritersinthecountry,withalmost200,000Twitterfollowers.Nowhe’sgothisownmediapanythat’sdoingquitewell.In2017,JeffandIwenttoaCharlotteKnightsgame,andJeffsaidsomethingaboutRockyMountthatIwon’tforget.“Ididn’tappreciateitthen,buthonestly,whenIlookback,it’sprobablythebesttimeI’veeverhadinmycareer.”Maybesuccessisn’tmeasuredinachievements,or“beinghappywithwhoyouare”.Goalsandpersonalpeaceareselfishmarkers,andIdon’tmeantoimplyselfishnessisabadthing,notatall.Selfishnessistheaxisofhumankind,fromcavementoastronautstosaintsonearth.Individualacplishmentsbringworldwideacplishments.Butalloftheacplishmentsmaynotleaveyoufeelingsuccessful,right?Thepointis,maybesuccessisasmallercalculation,somethingmorelikewhatJeffhintedat.Maybesuccessishavingthewherewithal(所需的物资)tobegratefulattheprecisemomentyouhavesomethingtobegratefulfor.Thankyouforwriting,oldfriend.Mike8.WhenMikewenttotheRockyMount,________.A.heappreciatedlifethere.B.helivedthedreamthere.C.heintendedtolandabetterjobelsewhere.D.hegotajobwithallresourceshelongedforthere.9.WhatdidMikedoinRockyMount?A.Aprinter. B.Areporter.C.Aplayer. D.Aneditor.10.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Mikebelievesselfishnessispartofhumannature.B.Wefeelhappywhenwearecalculatingsmallnumbers.C.MikedisagreeswithJeff’smentontheirlifeinRockyMount.D.Individualacplishmentsareunrelatedtoworldwideacplishments.11.Mikeisgivingadviceon______.A.whathappinessis B.whatsuccessisC.howtoachievemore D.howtolandabetterjob【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。Mike通过回信，以自身的故事告诉我们成功可能是一次小小的计算，也可能是在你有值得感激的事情的那一刻，可以去感激。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二自然段第一句Youknow,afterIlefttheShenandoahValley,mynextjobwasinRockyMount.(你知道当我离开ShenandoahValley之后，我的下一份工作是在RockyMount)可知，Mike前往RockyMount的目的是因为在这里找了一份比以前更好的工作。所以C项heintendedtolandabetterjobelsewhere.(他打算在别处找一份更好的工作)满足题意。故此题选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二自然段Thetwoothersportswritersonstaff,TravisandJeff,wereintheirmid20stoo(另外的两名体育记者，特拉维斯和杰夫，也在20多岁)和第三自然段Weatedinnertogetherandwentouttocoverourgamesandcamebacktohelpsendthefinalpagestotheprinter.(我们一起吃晚饭，出去报道我们的比赛，回来帮忙把最后几页报道送到印刷厂)我们可以推断出Mike也是一位体育记者。故此题选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的第二句和第三句Goalsandpersonalpeaceareselfishmarkers,andIdon’tmeantoimplyselfishnessisabadthing,notatall.Selfishnessistheaxisofhumankind,fromcavementoastronautstosaintsonearth.(目标和个人平和是自私的标志，我并不想暗示自私是件坏事，一点也不。自私是人类的轴心，从穴居人到宇航员再到地球上的圣人都如此)通过这句话我们可以推断出，Mike认为自私并不可怕，因为人人都有，是人类的一种本性。故A项Mikebelievesselfishnessispartofhumannature.(Mike认为自私是人性的一部分)满足推断。故此题选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二自然段Thepointis,maybesuccessisasmallercalculation,somethingmorelikewhatJeffhintedat.Maybesuccessishavingthewherewithal(所需的物资)tobegratefulattheprecisemomentyouhavesomethingtobegratefulfor.(关键是，也许成功只是一个较小的计算，更像Jeff所暗示的那样。也许成功就是在你有值得感激的事情的那一刻，可以去感激。)可知，Mike想要告诉我们成功是什么。故此题选B。DWeallexperience“ohcrap”moments.Runningintothepersonyoucanceledadatewith—whileyou’reonanotherdate.Realizingyouhit“replyall”onanemailthatyou’ddoanythingtohaveback.Whateverthesituation,thefirstthingyouprobablydoisfreakout.Everybodydoes.Whilemanyofusthinkthatwe’recoolinacrisis,sciencetellsusthatweseldomare.Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,ourattentioncantunnelinonthescariestthinginthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Armedrobbersgounidentifiedbecausewitnessesrememberlittlemorethantheguns.Ourabilitytorememberthethingswedonoticealsobeespromised;wecanbetoldsomething,andtwosecondslaterwe’llforget.Andwejumptoconclusions.Whenwe’refreakedout,we’reanythingbutatourbest.Thesenormalhumanreactionscanbereversed.Onceyoucalmdown,you’llfacethemostroutinelyignoredchallengeofanycrisissituation—identifyingwhatthecrisisisreallyabout.Wetendtomisdiagnoseproblemsbecausewedon’tpracticeforthem.Dothethinkingaheadoftimesoyoucanjustfindthesolutionwhenit’sshowtime.Thisiswhyflightattendantssuggestyoufindtheclosestexitbeforeyoudepart—soyoudon’thavetogoexitshoppingaftertheplanehascaughtfireorissinkingintoariver.Performinginacrisisisbeingmoreimportantforallofus,fortworeasons.Backinthegoodolddays,thereliabilityofmostanythingweusedordidwasfarlessthanitistoday.Nowthinkaboutwhathappenstoourpreparednessasthepossibilityofsomethingbadhappeningshrinks.Unlesswepracticewhathardlyeverhappens,ourabilitytorespondwhenitdoeshappentendstoslipaway.Reliabilitycankillyou.Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremoreplex.Thereareseldommovingpartsinplainviewthatallowustoseewhenthingsareabouttogowrong.Whenplexsystemslacktransparency(透明度,显而易见),serioussituationscan“eoutofnowhere.”Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatweweresmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“freakout”mean?A.Beatone’sbest. B.Calmdowngradually.C.Runawayimmediately. D.Panicorbescared.13.Whydoarmedrobbersgounidentified?A.Becausethewitnessesjumptoconclusions.B.Becausethewitnessesfocusontheirscariestthing.C.Becausethewitnessesforgetwhattheyhavebeentold.D.Becausethewitnessesarekeenlyawareofthesurroundings.14.Whyisitmoreimportantforustoperforminacrisistoday?A.Becauseoflessreliabilityandlessplexity.B.Becauseofmorereliabilityandmoreplexity.C.Becauseofworsetransparencyandlesspreparedness.D.Becauseofbettertransparencyandmorepreparedness.15.Whatwouldthepassagesuggestdoingincaseafirebreaksout?A.Takingadeepbreathanddialing119.B.Stayingcoolandignoringthechallenge.C.Calmingdownandrememberingthesituation.D.Performingescapingandrescuingbeforehand.【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.D【解析】本文为一篇说明文。主要讲述了我们为什么在危机中很难冷静下来以及遇到危机我们应该做什么。【12题详解】词义猜测题。通过上文的事例Runningintothepersonyoucanceledadatewith—whileyou’reonanotherdate.Realizingyouhit“replyall”onanemailthatyou’ddoanythingtohaveback.(当你在另外一个聚会时遇到了你之前取消聚会的那个人。意识到你在一封邮件上点击了“回复全部”，你会不惜一切代价要回来。)可知，这两件事都是我们人生中不想遇到的事，遇到之后会让我们很担忧和害怕。那么D项Panicorbescared(惊恐或者害怕)满足词义。故此题选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三自然段Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,ourattentioncantunnelinonthescariestthinginthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Armedrobbersgounidentifiedbecausewitnessesrememberlittlemorethantheguns.(在我们需要敏锐地意识到周围环境的时候，我们的注意力可以集中在场景中最可怕的东西上，让我们不知道周围的其他景象、声音甚至气味。持枪抢劫犯身份不明，因为目击者只记得枪)通过这两句话可知，抢劫分子身份不明的原因是因为最令人害怕的枪让我们忽视了周围的其他事物。所以B项Becausethewitnessesfocusontheirscariestthing.(因为目击者的专注力都在最令人害怕的事物上)满足题意。故此题选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据题干中的performinacrisistoday定位到第四自然段第一句，我们可知原因有两个。根据Backinthegoodolddays,thereliabilityofmostanythingweusedordidwasfarlessthanitistoday.(在过去的美好时光里，我们使用或做过的大多数事情的可靠性都远远低于今天)和Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremoreplex.(而且，我们今天使用的系统更为复杂)我们可以知道危机中表现得越来越重要的原因是可靠性和复杂性。故此题选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三自然段Dothethinkingaheadoftimesoyoucanjustfindthesolutionwhenit’sshowtime.Thisiswhyflightattendantssuggestyoufindtheclosestexitbeforeyoudepart—soyoudon’thavetogoexitshoppingaftertheplanehascaughtfireorissinkingintoariver.(提前思考，这样你就可以在展示时间找到解决方案。这就是为什么乘务员建议你在起飞前找到最近的出口——这样你就不必在飞机着火或坠入河里之后寻找出口)以及最后一句话Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatweweresmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.(我们都应该学会呼吸，认清形势，并执行我们足够聪明的计划，提前做好准备)我们可以推断出在遇到紧急情况之前，我们就应该做好思考，以便找出最好的解决方案。所以遇到火灾时，最好就是提前预想如何逃生和营救。故D项Performingescapingandrescuingbeforehand.(预先进行逃生和营救)满足推断。故此题选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。FiveHealthFactsYourDoctorWantsYoutoKnow1.Coldweathermakesyousick.Myth!Germs(病菌)aretheonlythingthatcanmakeyousick.Youcangooutinthefreezingcoldwithwethair,andiftherearen’tanygermsaround,you'llstaysnifflefree.Butthereisacorrelation:____16____2.Youshouldn’ticeaburn.Truth!Mostskindamagefromaburnesfromtheinflammatory(发炎)response,andicecandamagecellsandmakeitworse.____17____Thenwashwithmildsoapandapplyanantibiotic(抗生素)ointment.3.Antiperspirants(止汗剂)causecancer.Myth!Antiperspirantstemporarilykeepsweatfromescaping,andsomescientistshavesuggestedthatlettingitbuildupintheductscouldcausetumors(肿瘤).____18____Andthelargeststudytodateonthesubjecthasfoundnolinkbetweencancerandantiperspirants.4.____19____Truth!A2017studyfoundthatwhenbystandersgaveCPRtopeopleincardiacarrest(心脏停搏),survivalrateswerehigherwhentheyemployeduninterruptedchestpressionsratherthanpausingforrescuebreaths.5.Eatingtoomuchsugarwillgiveyoudiabetes.Myth!Sweetfoodsdon’tdirectlyleadtochronically(慢性地)highbloodsugar.Buttheycancontributetoobesity,whichisariskfactorfordiabetes.____20____A.Germsareactiveifyouhaveacold.B.Butresearchhasn’tconfirmedthattheory.C.CPRdoesn’trequiremouthtomouthbreathing.D.Therefore,it’sinappropriatetodealwiththeburnwithice.E.Instead,firstimmersetheburnincoolwaterforaboutfiveminutes.F.Sokeepingawellbalanceddietandlimitingtreatsisstilltherightidea.G.Thegermsthatcausethemoncoldgrowenergeticallyinlowtemperatures.【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.C20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了医生想让我们知道的五个健康事实。【16题详解】这一段的标题告诉我们“寒冷的天气使你生病。”在这一段中说明唯一能使人生病的是细菌，如果寒冷的天气里没有细菌就不会生病，但是有一个相关关系：引起普通感冒的细菌在低温下旺盛生长。G项“Thegerms”、“cold”、“lowtemperatures”与这一段中的词汇相对应，且填入G项后，可以根据使人生病的细菌在低温下旺盛生长，推断出在寒冷的天气会使人生病。故选G项。【17题详解】该段标题建议我们不应该在烧伤处冰敷。文中说明冰会破坏细胞并使情况变得更糟，所以不应该冰敷。E选项“相反，首先将烧伤处浸泡在冷水中大约5分钟。”和这个主题呼应，且句中“first”与文中“then”构成文章结构的顺序。故选E项。【18题详解】该空前面提出一个理论：止汗剂导致癌症。后文提出最大的研究到目前为止没有发现癌症和止汗剂之间的联系。B选项“但是研究还没有证实这个理论。”能够起到承上启下的作用。故选B项。【19题详解】根据该段内容可知，2017年的一项研究发现，当旁观者给心脏骤停的人做心肺复苏时，采用不间断胸外按压的存活率比暂停去救援呼吸的存活率更高。可以推断出这一段的小标题为CPR不需要人工呼吸。且C选项与文中的“CPR”和“breaths”相对应。故选C项。【20题详解】此段中说明甜食会导致肥胖，而肥胖是糖尿病的风险因素。所以可以推断，我们不能吃太多的导致肥胖的食品，要均衡饮食。所以F项“所以保持均衡的饮食和限制零食仍然是正确的想法。”切题。故选F项。【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点和名称等。在本文中，第1小题中的“Thegerms”、“cold”、“lowtemperatures”，第2小题中的“then”，第4小题中的“CPR”和“breaths”，均与上下文有相呼应的词语。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InJanuary2018,Iwasmuting(通勤)fromBrooklyntoNewJersey.Ihavetwolittlekidsandabusybusiness,soaquiettrainridefeltlikeamini___21___.YetIfoundmyselfspendingthat___22___timescrollingthroughmysocialmediafeeds.Oneday,I___23___myphoneandstartedwritingthankyounotestopeoplewhohad___24___toafundIhadorganized.WhenIgotoffthetrainthatday,Iwasinanoticeablybetter___25___.Thenextday,Iwrotemorethankyous—andfeltthesame.WhenIfinishedwritingthenotes,I___26___themup.Therewere31—oneforeverydayoftheyearsofar.Something___27___.WhatifIkeptitup?Idecidedtowriteonethankyounoteforeverydayofthatyear.IhadnoshortageofpeopleIwas___28___for.SoIpickedoutadifferent___29___foreachmonth.Januarywascharity—and,thankfully,Ihadalreadypletedthat___30___.Februarywouldbe___31___toneighbors,andIthoughtofadozennamesrightaway.Irememberedwhentheownersofourlocalbookstoreletmeandmyfiveyearoldson,Henry,inbeforethestoreopened.I___32___whenour14yearoldbabysitter___33___abagofoldboardgamesforourkidstoplay.Writingthenoteswasn’tallthat___34___:Eachwastwoorthreesentenceslong,takingjustafewminutesto___35___.IfocusedonthepersonIwaswritingtoandwhatIwantedtosay,andthewordscamefairlyeasily.Thatfocusfelt___36___.Itwasgoodformybrain,whichhadbeentrainedto___37___fromthisfeedtothatemail.Whilewritingthenotes,Ieventuallyrealizedwhythistaskwastheperfectantidote(解药)tomysocial___38___.WhatwasIactuallydoingwhenIscrolledthroughFacebook?Moreoftenthannot,Iwas___39___otherpeople’slives—theirbeachvacations,theirorganizedkitchens.Writingthankyounoteswasanactofnoticingand___40___myownlife.21.A.trip B.adventure C.vacation D.celebration22.A.lonely B.precious C.boring D.tiring23.A.pickedup B.broughtout C.putup D.putdown24.A.contributed B.offered C.led D.expanded25.A.mood B.situation C.position D.harmony26.A.folded B.arranged C.piled D.counted27.A.happened B.clicked C.appeared D.presented28.A.thoughtful B.awful C.grateful D.respectful29.A.theme B.topic C.object D.range30.A.cause B.assignment C.goal D.contract31.A.written B.provided C.celebrated D.devoted32.A.reminded B.recalled C.recognized D.reflected33.A.droppedoff B.tookoff C.setoff D.putoff34.A.tiring B.boring C.breathtaking D.timeconsuming35.A.form B.pose C.accumulate D.type36.A.exhausting B.desperate C.refreshing D.independent37.A.work B.lock C.fasten D.wander38.A.feeds B.media C.activities D.participations39.A.observing B.admiring C.following D.sharing40.A.lengthening B.purifying C.honoring D.varying【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.B36.C37.D38.A39.B40.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一次坐火车通勤时，选择放下，开始给那些给她组织的基金捐款的人写感谢信。下车之后，她的心情明显好了很多。之后她决定那一年的每天都写一封感谢信，并且每一个月都有不同的主题。在这个过程中，她学会了关注和欣赏自己的生活。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有两个小孩，生意又很忙，所以一次安静的火车旅行感觉就像一个迷你假期。A.trip旅程；B.adventure冒险；C.vacation假期；D.celebration庆典。根据前文“Ihavetwolittlekidsandabusybusiness,”可知作者有两个孩子要养，生意也很忙，所以一次安静的火车旅行对于作者来说就像一个短暂的假期，让她暂时摆脱繁忙的生活。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我发现自己把宝贵的时间花在了刷社交媒体的信息上。A.lonely孤独的；B.precious珍贵的；C.boring无聊的；D.tiring累人的。根据前文“Ihavetwolittlekidsandabusybusiness,soaquiettrainridefeltlikeamini___1___.”可知在火车上的这段时间对于生活繁忙的作者来说就像是一个迷你假期，这段时间对于作者来说自然是珍贵的。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：有一天，我放下，开始给那些为我组织的基金捐款的人写感谢信。A.pickedup捡起；B.broughtout出版；生产；C.putup举起，张贴；D.putdown放下。根据后文“startedwritingthankyounotestopeople”可知作者开始写感谢信，这说明她没有玩，把放下了。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我放下，开始给那些为我组织的基金捐款的人写感谢信。A.contributed为……做贡献；捐助；B.offered提供；C.led带领；D.expanded扩展。根据“startedwritingthankyounotestopeople”可知作者给一些人写感谢信，根据“toafundIhadorganized.”可知作者创办了一个基金，结合上下文推知这些人给作者的基金捐款了，作者因此给他们写感谢信。故选A项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天下火车时，我的心情明显好了许多。A.mood心境；情绪；B.situation情况；C.position位置；D.harmony协调；融洽。作者下火车后，心情好了很多。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：写完感谢信之后，我数了数它们的数量。A.folded折叠；B.arranged管理；安排；C.piled堆房；D.counted计算；数数。根据后文“Therewere31”可知作者写了31封感谢信，说明作者数了数她写了多少感谢信。故选D项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到。如果我继续这样做呢?A.happened发生；B.clicked豁然开朗；突然想到；C.appeared出现；D.presented呈现。根据后文“WhatifIkeptitup?”可知作者突然有了一个想法：如果她继续写感谢信会怎么样呢？故选B项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我并不缺少让我感激的人。A.thoughtful深思的；体贴的；B.awful可怕的；C.grateful感激的；D.respectful有礼貌的；恭敬的。根据前文“Idecidedtowriteonethankyounoteforeverydayofthatyear.”可知作者决定那一年每天都写一封感谢信，感谢信的对象肯定是作者所感激的人，所以这里要表达的是“我并不缺少让我感激的人”。故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我每个月都会选择不同的主题。A.theme主题；B.topic话题；C.object目标；物体；D.range范围。根据后文“Januarywascharity—”可知一月的主题是慈善，也就是说每个月份作者会定下一个主题。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一月份的主题是慈善——幸运地，我已经完成了这个目标。A.cause原因；B.assignment作业；任务；C.goal目标；D.contract合同；契约。根据“Januarywascharity”可知作者一月份写感谢信的主题是慈善，结合前文“WhenIfinishedwritingthenotes,I___6___themup.Therewere31—”可知作者已经写了31感谢信给那些为她基金捐款的人，这正好和一月主题慈善相符，也就是说作者已经完成了一月份每天写一封感谢信，主题是慈善的这个目标。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：二月是献给邻居的，并且我马上想到了十几个名字。A.written写；B.provided提供；C.celebrated庆祝；D.devoted奉献，致力于。根据后文“Irememberedwhentheownersofourlocalbookstore…”可知作者在一段回忆了她和邻居比如当地书店老板之间的事，这说明二月份是用来写感谢信给邻居的。故选D项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回想起我们14岁的保姆放下了一袋旧棋盘游戏给我们孩子玩的时候。A.reminded提醒；B.recalled回想起；C.recognized认识；承认；D.reflected反思；反映。根据“Irememberedwhen…”可知在这一段中，作者回想了她与邻居之间的故事，所以这里作者回想起（recalled）她家14岁的保姆曾经做过的事。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：我回想起我们14岁的保姆放下了一袋旧棋盘游戏给我们孩子玩的时候。A.droppedoff丢下；B.tookoff起飞；突然成功；C.setoff出发；引起；D.putoff推迟；拖延。根据“abagofoldboardgamesforourkidstoplay”可知这个14岁的小保姆放下一袋子旧棋盘游戏给作者的孩子玩。故选A项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：写感谢信并不那么费时间：每封信都只有两三句话，只需要几分钟就可以完成。A.tiring累人的；B.boring无聊的；C.breathtaking激动人心的；令人惊讶的；D.timeconsuming费时的。根据后文“Eachwastwoorthreesentenceslong,takingjustafewminutes”可知每封感谢信只有两三句话，花几分钟就可以完成，所以写感谢信并不是那么费时间。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：写感谢信并不那么费时间：每封信都只有两三句话，只需要几分钟就可以完成。A.form形成；组成；B.pose创作，写（信，诗或演讲稿）；C.accumulate积累；累计；D.type打字。根据Eachwastwoorthreesentenceslong,takingjustafewminutes”可知每封感谢信只有两三句话，所以花几分钟就可以写完。故选B项。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种专注让人耳目一新。A.exhausting让人精疲力竭的；B.desperate拼命的；渴望的；C.refreshing使人耳目一新的；D.independent独立的。根据前文“IfocusedonthepersonIwaswritingtoandwhatIwantedtosay,andthewordscamefairlyeasily”可知作者把注意力集中在她写信的对象和她想说的话上，字句脱口而出。这种体验对于作者来说是令人耳目一新的。故选C项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对我的大脑是有好处的，（之前）我的大脑已经被训练的能从这个信息走神到那封邮件。A.work工作；B.lock锁上；C.fasten扎牢；D.wander走神；开小差。根据“fromthisfeedtothatemail”可知作者之前容易思绪飘荡，一会关注社交媒体上的消息，一会又关注邮件，故选D项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在写感谢信的时候，我终于意识到为什么这个任务是我社交信息的完美解毒剂。A.feeds（博客，社交网站，新闻网站等）的信息推送；B.media媒体；C.activities活动；D.participations参与。根据前文“myselfspendingthat___2___timescrollingthroughmysocialmediafeeds”可知作者把时间浪费在社交媒体信息上，这里是原词复现，指“社交媒体上的推送信息”，故选A项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我常常欣赏别人的生活——他们的海滩假期，他们整齐有序的厨房。A.observing观察；B.admiring欣赏；C.following跟随；D.sharing分享。根据后文“theirbeachvacations,theirorganizedkitchens”可知作者在Facebook看到别人的海滩假期和整齐有序的厨房，这种生活很美好，所以作者应该是在欣赏别人的生活。故选B项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：写感谢信是一种关注和尊重自己生活的行为。A.lengthening加长；B.purifying净化；C.honoring给……荣誉