英汉语言与文化

Chinese

vs.

EnglishParataxis

vs.

Hypotaxis邹彦群北京第二外国语学院Differences

between

Chinese

and

English?Connection

between

language

and

culture?Chinese

culture

?Western

culture?Ways

of

thinking

?中医VS西医阴阳五行相生相克·

阴阳平衡，辨证施治，中药配伍，君臣佐使远端取穴，辨证施治·

主客分离，讲究解剖整体观辨证观主客分离观分析观·

那么反应在语言上，是怎样的语言特点呢？枯藤老树昏鸦小桥流水人家古道西风瘦马夕阳西下断肠人在天涯·

1

It

was

a

keen

disappointment

when

I

had

topostpone

the

visit

which

I

had

intended

to

pay

toChina

in

May.

I

was

delighted

when,

as

a

result

ofthe

effort

of

your

company,

it

proved

possible

toreinstate

the

visit

so

quickly.·

原打算五月份访华，后不得不推迟，深感失望。由于贵公司的努力，访问这么快得以重新安排，非常高兴。·

2

Change

of

information,

if

any,

concerning

the

contents

of

this

section

will

be

found

in

the

appendix

at

the

end

of

this

book.·

本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。·

3

The

isolation

of

the

rural

world

because

ofdistance

and

the

lack

of

transport

facilitiescompounded

by

the

paucity

of

theinformation

media.·

由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。分词关系副词关系代词连词介词显性衔接overt

cohesion隐性连贯covert

coherence以形统神Overt

cohesion以神驭形Covertcoherence借助语言形式手段包括词汇手段和形态手段Syntactic

devicesLexical

devices形合hypotaxis借助词语或句子所含意义的联系Semanticconnection意合parataxis英译汉1.The

water

of

the

lake

was

so

clear

thatevery

fish

could

be

seen

distinctly·A

湖水如此清澈，以致于游鱼历历可数。B湖水清澈,游鱼历历可数.2

If

you

turn

to

the

left,

you

will

find

ourinstitute

at

a

distance.a.如果你向左转弯，你就可以远远看到我们学校。b.向左转弯就可以远远看到我们学校。3

I

can’t

trust

him,

because

he

is

not

honesa.因为他不老实，所以我不相信他。b.他不老实，我不相信他。4

There

are

many

wonderful

stories

to

tellabout

the

places

I

visited

and

the

people

Imet.关于我所访问的一些地方和遇见的一些人有许多奇妙的故事可以讲。我走了一些地方，也遇到了一些人。要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着哩。·

5

All

was

cleared

up

some

time

later

whennews

came

from

a

distant

place

that

anearthquake

was

felt

the

very

day

the

littlecopper

ball

fell.一切得到澄清。过了一些时候，从远方传来消息：确实发生了地震，在小铜球坠落当天。过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：小铜球坠落当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。·

6

In

the

doorway

lay

at

least

twelveumbrellas

of

all

sizes

and

colors.门口放着至少有十二把五颜六色、大小不一的雨伞。门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。7

The

cat

ate

the

mouse

that

ate

the

malt(麦芽糖)that

lay

in

the

corner

of

the

house.a.猫吃了那只吃了放在房子角落里的麦芽糖的耗子。b.耗子吃了放在房子角落里的麦芽糖，猫吃了耗子。8

Leaning

down

to

the

little

girl,

the

barberlistened

to

her

about

the

style

she

wanted.俯下身，那个理发师听小姑娘说她想要的发型。只见那个理发师俯下身，听小姑娘说，她要什么发式。汉语意合法人不犯我，我不犯人。We

will

not

attack

unless

we

are

attacked.他不老实，我不能信任他。I

can’t

trust

him,

because

he

is

not

honest.·语序种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。As

you

sow,

so

will

you

reap.人有失误，马有失蹄。It

is

a

good

horse

that

never

stumbles.沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。Be

lovely

enough

to

outshine

the

moon

and

put

theflowers

to

shame.反复排比对偶整齐匀称句式·

物极必反Once

a

certain

limit

is

reached,

a

change

inthe

opposite

direction

is

inevitable.不进则退He

who

does

not

advance

falls

backward.四字格形合意合在翻译中的应用英译汉化整为零找出主干梳理关系中文表达语序调整反复对偶四字格……汉译英化零为整分清主题事件置于主句客体描摹背景前提从句、词组处理介词分词连词关系代词关系副词……对应？字词句子语篇语言与文化文化

深层机制语言

表层结构辩证地看待意合与形合汉语并非绝对意合，英文并非绝对形合。Man

proposes,

God

disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。Grasp

all,

lose

all.如果你样样都想抓，就会一样也抓不到。（贪多必失）Long

absent,

soon

forgotten.别久情疏。Penny

wise,

pound

foolish.小事聪明，大事糊涂。·

王力（1984:141）先生说：“西洋语的结构好像连环，虽则环与环都联络起来，毕竟有联络的痕迹；中国语的结构好像无缝天衣，只是一块一块的硬凑，凑起来还不让它有痕迹。西洋语法是硬的；中国语法是软的，富于弹性的。惟其是硬的，所以，西洋语法有许多呆板的要求，如每一个clause里必须有一个主语；惟其是软的，所以中国语法只以达意为主，…，如相关的两件事可以硬凑在一起，不用任何的connective

word。”·

高明凯（1986:366）“汉人平常说话不喜欢用太多没有基本意义的虚词，只是把事情或意思排列起来，让人去了解这两个意思之间所生成的关系如何。不过这并不是说汉人说话不合逻辑，因为不加虚词，我们也知道这句话的意思。”小结意合以意驭形结构松散富有弹性衔接语序反复排比对偶四字格……形合以形显意结构严谨缺乏弹性衔接介词连词分词关系代词关系副词……英文vs中文思维方式·请完成课后作业。Thank

you.参考文献连淑能.英译汉教程.北京:高等教育