Unit+5+课文重点导学案 高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

选修1Unit5课文要点再现Unit5WorkingtheLandGettoknowanagriculturalscientistsP50APioneerforAllPeople造福全人类的先驱者YuanLongping,known_____the“fatherofhybridrice”,isoneofChina’smostfamous___________(scientist).Yet,heconsiders__________(he)(tobe/as)afarmerbecausehe__________(continual)worksthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethat(=thebodies)ofmillionsofChinesefarmers,to_________hehasdevotedhislife.(devote/dedicateone’slifeto…)袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他不断地在田间耕作，进行科学研究。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。YuanLongping____________(bear)in1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhim____________(pursue)acareerinscienceormedicine.However,_____________________________(最让他担心的事情是)wasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhad_____seriousshortageoffoodtoeat.____________(tackle)thiscrisis,he_____________(choose)tostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的工作。然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。After__________(graduate)in1953,heworked_____aresearcher.YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneeded_____________(boost)yieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasa____________(challenge)questionatthetime.Yuan___________________(convince)thattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryield_______conventionalcrops.However,whetheritwaspossible___________(develop)ahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewas_____matterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumptionthenwas________itcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuan_________(overcome)enormoustechnicaldifficulties_______________(develop)thefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmers______________(expand)theiroutputgreatly.1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平坚信，可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。杂交植物是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出如水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，这是一个充满争议的问题。人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产量。Today,_______isestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticrice___________(consume)inChinaiscomprisedofcrops_______________(generate)fromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmers___________(produce)around200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdepend______riceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Because___hisinvaluablecontributions,YuanLongpinghasreceivednumerousawardsbothinChina_______abroad.(在国内外)据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。因为他做出了不可估量的贡献。袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。______________(give)thatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecareslittle______celebrityormoney.Instead,hemakeslargedonations_______________(support)agriculturalresearch.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利。相反，他大量捐款支持农业科学研究。______________impressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfillhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplants_______________(高达)sorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceeded____________(produce)akindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople_______________________(国内外).Hislatestvisionfor“seawaterrice”hasalsobecome____reality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.Despitehis___________years(年事已高),YuanLongping_________________________________(内心仍然年轻，富有远见),andeveryoneiswaitingtosee_______hewilldreamupnext.袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想水稻高至高粱，稻穗大如扫帚，而每粒稻谷大如花生。他成功地种植出一种可以养活国内外更多人口的水稻。他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。UsingLanguageP55ChemicalVersusOrganicFarming化学与有机农业的比较Chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisers_____________(be)inwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatway____________(fight)cropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundis________theirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeoples’health.自20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中得到了广泛的应用。刚开始使用的时候，很多农民都很欢迎，认为这是防治作物病害和提高产量的好办法。但随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandby_________(kill)notonly_________(harm)bacteriaandinsects,butalso_________(help)ones.In_____________(add),thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecrops___________(grow)onthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumans________digestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecause_______thedamagetheycause_____peopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilizers,crops__________(grow)withthemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.例如，农药不仅会杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中停留很长时间，这会影响到土地上种植的作物，进而影响到消化这些作物的动物和人类。很多人担心这些化学物质会让他们生病，甚至致癌。事实上，一些杀虫剂，如DDT，由于对人和环境的破坏，大多数国家已经禁止使用。至于化肥，使用化肥种植的农作物通常生长过快，营养不丰富。但里面通常含有更多的水分而不是必需的矿物质，而且它们的味道往往也较差。As____alternative,somefarmershaveswitched____organicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingis_____(simple)farmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocus____keepingtheirsoilrichand_______________(没有疾病)throughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfields___________(更加富含)minerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfree_______chemicals(不含).作为一种选择，一些农户已经改用有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转而选择有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的简单耕作。有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。例如，许多有机农民使用动物的天然废物作为肥料。这使得他们田地里的土壤含有更丰富的矿物质。它还能使空气、土壤、水和农作物不含化学物质。Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcrop_______(grow)ineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext(year).Whydifferentcropsaregrownis_________(因为)theyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,________(make)itreadyagainforthenextbatchofcrops.Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.Forexample,peanutsgrowontheground'ssurface,butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsis____________(grow)goodfoodwhile___________(avoid)damage______theenvironmentor______people'shealth.有机农民还使用许多其他方法来培养