Unit 5 Reading and Thinking 课文知识点详解-2023-2024学年高中英语同步备课堂（人教版2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit5

Workingtheland

ReadingandThinkinglanguagepoints词汇巩固与重点句式Para.1APIONEERFORALLPEOPLEYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”,isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsidershimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworksthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.“被称作……”；过去分词短语作定语devote…to…把……用于；献身；致力；专心替代thebody非限制性定语从句“consider…(tobe/as)+n/adj.”把……看做；认为是1.作为…而出名_______________;2.杂交水稻之父_____________________3.耕种土地___________________;4.献身于；致力于___________________beknownasfatherofhybrid

riceworkthelanddevote...to...1.considervt.认为，觉得；vi.&vt.仔细考虑核心用法(1)considersb./sth

(as/tobe)＋n./adj.认为某人/某物……(被动)(2)beconsideredtohavedonesth.

被认为做了某事(3)considerit＋adj./n.＋todo/that从句...

认为…是…的(it形宾）adj.常为necessary（essential）,important,polite(4)considerdoingsth.

考虑做某事❶Thisawardisconsidered(tobe)agreathonour.这个奖被视为极大的荣誉。❷He'sconsideredtohavegoneabroad.大家都认为他出国了。❸Iconsider

it

afoolishideatoaccepttheinvitation.我认为接受这个邀请是一个愚蠢的想法。❹WeareconsideringgoingtoHainanfortheSpringFestival.我们正在考虑去海南过春节。

[即学即练]单句语法填空①Myparentsareconsidering________(buy)acomputer,whichisconsidered________(be)ofgreathelpwithmyworkandstudy.②CharlesChaplinisconsidered__________(make)agreatcontributiontothefilmindustry.③Billconsiders________harmfultostayuplateinthenight.

语境助记Ihavenever__________changingmypresentjobbecauseIlikeit.What'smore,ateacheris__________generallytobeagardenerandisrespectedbyothers.我从来没有想过要改变我现在的工作，因为我喜欢这份工作；更重要的是，人们普遍认为老师是园丁，而且(老师)受人尊敬consideredconsidered2.devote

v.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于__________n.奉献；忠诚；深爱核心用法①

devoteone’slife/time/money/energyto(doing)sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.献身于/致力于/专心于做某事②

devoted

adj.忠诚的；深爱的投入的(committed)adevotedfather

bedevotedto...对……忠诚；深爱……

devotion[即学即练]单句语法填空①________(devote)________teachingthedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.②Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefully________(devote)toyourwork.③Wereallyappreciateyour________(devote)toourcompany.Para.2YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.表语从句在句子中不作成分，没有含义不定式作目的状语主语从句1.从事（追求）科学或医药事业_____________________________________2.让……最关心___________________;3.欠收_____________________________4.严重缺乏食物________________________________________;5.解决这个危机___________________________pursueacareerinscienceormedicineconcern...mostpoorharvestshaveaseriousshortageoffoodtacklethiscrisisHowever,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，让他最担心的是农民经常收成不好，有时甚至是严重的食物短缺。此句是由what引导的______从句，what在从句中作______语；此句是由that引导的_______从句，that在此句中不充当成分，但不能省略.翻译：我想要说的就是我们应该用更认真的态度对待学习。WhatIwanttosayisthatweshouldtakeamoreseriousattitudetowardsstudy.事故的起因是未知的Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.Practice:1.______impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.2.Theresultis___________wewonthegame.Whatthat主语主表语3.shortagen.不足；缺少；短缺核心用法①

food/water/housingshortages食物/用水/住房短缺

ashortageof缺乏②

shortadj.不足的；缺乏的

beshortof缺乏，不足

inshort总之；简言之①A

(short)offundsispreventingtheUNfrommonitoringrelief.②

short,Ilikeonlinereadingmorethanpaperreading.③Thegoingwasslowontheproject

skilledworkers.这项工程进展缓慢，因为缺少熟练的工人。

shortageInbecauseofashortageof即学即练Para.3However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.是个……问题主语从句表语从句定语从句使……能够做某事v.扩大；增加Para.31.增加产量__________________;2.确信__________________________________3.引起巨大争议的事情____________________________;4.通过不懈努力_________________________5.克服了巨大的技术困难__________________________________________________;6.使某人能够做某事_____________________7.扩大产量_______________________________;boostyieldsbeconvincedthatamatterofgreatdebateThroughintenseeffortovercomeenormoustechnicaldifficultiesenablesb.todosth.expandoutputHowever,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-polinatingplantssuchasricewas

amatterofgreatdebate.

然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，是一件有巨大争议的事。whetheritwaspossibleto...是由whether引导的________从句，当主语从句充当主语时，谓语动词一般用_________。翻译：他是否要来，还没有决定。Whetherhewillcomehasnotbeendecided.主语单数判断一下句子属于哪一种从句1.YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.2.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyields

inthefields

theyhad.3.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.4.Onecharacteristicofhybrids

isthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.5.whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasrice

wasamatterofgreatdebate.6.Thecommonassumptionthenwas

thatitcouldnotbedone.7.Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974宾语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句表语从句定语从句4.convincev.使相信；使确信；说服_________adj.令人信服的（物）

___________adj.确信的；坚信的（人）convincingconvinced

核心用法convincesb.ofsth.使某人确信/明白某事convincesb.that...使某人相信……convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事

beconvincedof...(某人)坚信……beconvincedthat

(某人)坚信……[即学即练]单句语法填空①You'llneedtoconvincethem________yourenthusiasmforthejob.②Ithinkyoucanhelpmeconvincemyfather________(leave)．③__________(convince)thathewaswrong,hefeltverysad.④She'llcookupa__________(convince)explanationforherfailure.⑤I'm________(convince)thatheisnottellingthetruth.5.attainv.(通常经过努力)获得；得到_______________adj.可获得的；可达到的______________n.达到；成就attainable①Greatachievementscan’t

(attain)unlessoneconcentratesonwhatheisdoing.②Ifthesolutionsareso

(attain),whyhaven’twereachedthemyet?③The

(attain)ofhisambitionswasstilladream.语境串记Hehadthoughtthegoalwaseasily_________,buthedidn’t__________itforlackofworkexperience.Soheconsidersthegoaltobe__________forhimatpresent.他原以为这个目标容易达到，但由于缺乏工作经验，他没有达到。所以目前他认为这个目标对他来说是无法实现的。be

attainedattainableattainment即学即练unattainableattainableattainattainment6.assumption

n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得_______________

v.假定；假设；承担；假装assume核心用法①

ontheassumptionthat...假定……makeassumptions/anassumption(about)对…作出假设/假定；认为②

assumesb./sth.(tobe)+adj./n假定/认为某人/某事(为)……Itisassumedthat...人们认为……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe___________(assume)you'vemade.②Websitesandsocialnetworkstrackyourlocationandsearchhistoryandmakeassumptions________yourage,raceandsex.③Whatwillyoudo________theassumptionthatyoucan'tbeathiminthefirstroundofthematch?Para.4Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions,YuanLongpinghasreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.“据估计……”it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语由……组成转折并列连词that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语1.据估计_________________________________;2.由…组成____________________________3.允许某人做某事_________________________;4.在国内外________________________itisestimatedthatbecomprisedof

allowsb.todosth.bothinChinaandabroadToday,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.据估算现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种形成的作物让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。itisestimatedthat...是一个主语从句，it充当的是形式主语，真正的主语为that后面的部分。在that引导的从句中，主语about60percentofdomesticriceconsumption由

“百分数+of+名词”构成，谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。consumption是不可数名词，故谓语动词用is.generatedfrom是过去分词作后置定语，修饰crops.单句语法填空①(2019·江苏宿迁期末)Oceanplasticisestimated__________(kill)millionsofanimalseveryyear.②(2021·上海市西南位育中学期中)______isestimatedthatthenumberoftouristswhotravelabroadhasdoubledinthepastdecade.完成句子③我估计他的年龄大约30岁。I_______________________about30．④据估计，这项工程将持续四年。______________thattheprojectwilllastfouryears.8.estimate

v.估计；估价；估算

n.估计；估算核心用法①

estimatesth.atsth.

估计……有……

beestimatedthat...

据估计……

beestimatedtobe...

估计……②

byestimate按照估计

belowestimate低于估计estimatehisagetobe

Itisestimated

tokill

It

Para.5GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecareslittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemakeslargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.“given+that从句”考虑到，鉴于，引导条件状语从句makeslargedonations大量捐款省略了连接词that的宾语从句1.鉴于_____________________;2.退休去过闲适的生活______________________3.事实远非如此______________________;4.在内心深处__________________________5.不在乎名利与金钱_______________________________________;6.捐了大量款______________________________giventhatretiretoalifeofleisurefarfromthecasedeepdowncarelittleforcelebrityormoneymakelargedonationstoGiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.考虑到袁隆平的杂交作物已经让他变得相当富有，人们可能会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。完成句子

考虑到她喜欢小孩子，我可以肯定教书是很适合她的职业。_____________________________，I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.GiventhatsheisinterestedinchildrenConsideringthatsheisinterestedinchildrenGiven/Consideringherinterestinchildrengivenprep.意为“鉴于，考虑到”，构成“given＋that从句”，在句中常作状语。特别提示：given可以用considering来替换❶Giventheirinexperience，they'vedoneagoodjob.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经做得不错了。❷Giventhathehashadsixmonthstofinishthetask,hehasn'tmademuchprogress.鉴于他有六个月的时间完这项工作，他并没有取得太多进展。❶Fromhisslowwalk,Gillrealizedhewasfarfromwell.看他步履缓慢的样子，吉尔意识到他的身体还远未恢复。❷Farfrombeingrelaxed,webothfeltsouncomfortablethatwehardlyspoke.我们两人非但没有放松，反而都感觉很不自在，几乎没有说话。❸IknowanicelittleItalianrestaurantnotfarfromhere.我知道有家不错的意大利小餐馆离这儿不远。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Formanyforeigners,everiftheyhavelearnedChineseforseveralyears,theyarestillfarfrom________(be)expertsatthiscomplexlanguage.②—Isthepostoffice_____________(远离)ourschool?—No,it'sonlyabout2kilometers.Youcanwalkthere.远非完全不远离farfrom远非；完全不；远离=farawayfrom特别提示：表示具体的距离时，不能用far(away)from，要用awayfrom,away可以省略。他家离这儿有两英里远。【误】Hishomeistwomilesfar(away)fromhere.【正】Hishomeistwomiles(away)fromhere.Para.6WhatimpressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.不定式作定语主语从句成功地做某事在国内外1.实现他的梦想_

_________________;

2.成功做某事_________________________3.富有远见______________________;4.构思，创造_________________________fulfillhisdreamssucceedindoingsth.fullofvisiondreamupWhatimpressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.袁隆平给人们印象最深的事他不断实现梦想的能力。Whatimpressespeoplemost...是一个______________。意思是“令人印象最深刻的是”。翻译：这座城市令人印象最深刻的就是它的多元文化。Whatimpressespeoplemostaboutthecityisitsculturaldiversity.fulfilhisdreams表示“实现梦想”，类似的表达还有：realize/achieve/actoutone'sdream;makeone'sdreamcometrue主语从句with+宾语+宾补prep短语adj/adv短语tododoingdonen短语表示动作将要发生表示主动或正在进行表示被动或完成“with+宾语+宾语补足语”称为with的复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语