江苏专版2023-2024学年新教材高中英语Unit2Outofthisworld素养培优练一牛津译林版选择性必修第三册

素养培优练（一）Ⅰ.阅读理解AEvenwhenshewasayoungchild,MaliaHeebeganbreakingboundaries.Theyoungchampiondiscoveredfencing（击剑）throughhersister,whoisalsoafencer.Malia,whoisnowastudentatTempleUniversityinPennsylvania,tookupthesportattheageof6.WhenMaliawasgrowingupinVancouver,Washington,shebalancedothersportswithfencing.“ButIsawmypotentialinfencing,”shesaid.Maliahasalreadywonfivenationaltitles.In2014,whenshewas16,shequalifiedfortheJuniorOlympics.Ayearlater,shewonthenationalchampionforthejuniors.Whiletalkingabouthergreatestvictories,Maliarecalledherveryfirsttournament.Shecompetedagainstjustoneboy—andplacedsecond.“ButIwasreallyhappyjusttowinamedal,eventhoughtherewerejusttwoofus,”shesaid.Maliafencedthroughouthighschool.Herskillsearnedherscholarshipstoseveralcolleges.“IwasapproachedbyOhioState,PennState,NotreDame,Harvard,Columbia,Duck,andTemple,”shesaid.“ThereasonIchoseTemplewasthatIamaveryartsyperson,andoutofalltheprogramsIwasoffered,Temphadthemostcompetitiveartsprogram.”MaliaisnowmajoringingraphicdesignandadvertisingatTemple.Betweenacademicsandfencing,sheisdoingverywell.Thispastyear,shewontheElite90AwardintheNationalCollegeAthleticAssociationDivisionⅠWomen'sFencingChampionship.Theawardisgiventoathleteswhohavereachedthehighestpointinnationalcompetitionintheirownsport,aswellasthehighestacademiclevelamongtheirpeers.“Movingforward,I'mnotgoingtotakefencingasseriously,”shesaid.Aftercollege,shehopestoworkinthesportsindustryasagraphicdesignerormarketer.Shewantstolivenearafencingclub,whereshecancompetewithfun.Whereverhercareertakesher,Maliawillalwaysberememberedasanindividualwhobrokeboundaries.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutMalia'sfirsttournament?A.Shenarrowlywonthegame.B.Shewasencouragedbythemedal.C.Shebeattheboyinthesecondround.D.Shewashappytosharethemedalwithaboy.2.WhydidMaliachooseTempleUniversity?A.Itgaveheranattractivescholarship.B.Itallowedhertogoonwithherfencingtraining.C.Itofferedherthemostcompetitivefencingprogram.D.Itprovidedbetterartsprogramthanotheruniversities.3.WhatwillMaliaprobablydoaftercollege?A.Goforfurtherstudyinsportsindustry. B.Competeformorechampionsinfencing.C.Designpostersformarketingcampaigns. D.Beaprofessionalcoachinafencingclub.4.WhatcanwelearnfromMalia'sstory?A.Hardworkpaysoff.B.Theearlier,thebetter.C.AllroadsleadtoRome.D.Morebreakthroughs,moreachievements.BSomewhalesareloud.Really,reallyloud.Theircallsarestrongenoughtopassthroughrockbeneaththeseafloor,anewstudyfinds.Andtheechoes（回声）ofthosesongsbouncingofftherockscanhelprevealthestructureoftheseafloor.TwoscientistsreportedtheirfindingsinSciencerecently.Seismologists（地震学家）VáclavKunaandJohnNábělekareinterestedinthestructureoftherocklayersbeneaththeseafloor.Thetwousedanetworkof54ocean-bottomseismometersinthenortheastPacificOcean.Theseinstrumentsdetectwavesthattravelthroughtheground,suchasthosecausedbyearthquakes.Itturnsoutthattheycanalsopickupsongsfromapassingwhale.Underwatersoundscanproduceseismicechoes.Whensoundwavestravelingthroughthewatermeettheground,someofthewaves'energychangesintoaseismicwave.Thoseseismicwavescanhelpscientists“see”undergroundastheybounceoffdifferentrocklayers.Thewaytheybouncecanhelpresearchersestimatethethicknessofthelayers.KunaandNábělek'sseismometerspickedupthesoundwavesofawhale'ssixsongs,whichlastedfrom2.5to4.9hours.Echoesfromthe“singer”showedtheresearchersthatitssoundwaveshadpassedthroughlayersofunderlyingrock.Theyrevealedstructuraldetailsofrocklayersbeneaththreesitesoverwhichthewhalehadbeensinging.Thenewdatasuggestwhalesongscanbeeffectivetoolstostudytheseafloor.Largeshipsmayperformseismicsurveysusingairguns.Theseinstrumentsmakeveryloudnoisesthatcantravellongdistances.Buttheirnoisecanalsodisturboceanlife—especiallythebehaviorsofanimalsthatrelyonsoundtohuntorcommunicate.5.Whatnewcharacteristicofwhalesongsdoesthenewstudyreport?A.Theyusuallylastfrom2.5to4.9hours.B.Theyarecommunicationtoolsofwhales.C.Theybecomelouderwhentouchingtheseabottom.D.Theycanbeloudenoughtotravelthroughtheseafloor.6.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph3?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs. B.Providesomeformerstudyresults.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.7.WhatinformationdidKunaandNábělekgetfromthesixsongs?A.TheflowingdirectionofthePacificseawaves.B.Themeasurementabilityoftheirseismometers.C.Thestructureoftherocklayersbeneathseveralseasites.D.ThevarietyofsearocksinthenortheastPacificOcean.8.Whatiswrongwithusingairgunstodoseismicsurveys?A.Itistime-consuming. B.Itisoflowaccuracy.C.Itisdangeroustosailors. D.Itisenvironmentallyunfriendly.Ⅱ.七选五Someoftheworld'smostimportantscientiststhinktheideaofpeoplelivingonMarswillcometrueoneday.1RobertZubrin,arocketscientist,agreesandthinksstartingwithMarsmakesthemostsense.However,scientistswillneedtoterraform（地球化）Marsforpeopletobeabletoliveon,whichmeanschangingtheenvironmentonMarssothatitissimilartoEarth's.OneofthemaingoalsofterraformingMarsistowarmitupbecausetheaveragetemperatureisabout-60℃.2Thiscouldtakemanycenturies.However,itshouldleadtorainfallandgrowthofplants,resultinginmoreairforpeopletobreathe.AnotherbigconcernforscientistsiswhetherhumanscanmovetoMarsandstillstayhealthyinmindandbody.Asatest,sixpeoplelivedinaMars-likeenvironmentinHawaiiforayearbefore“returningtoEarth”recently.3Somepeoplelivingtheresaidthatoneofthebiggestissueswasfeelingbored.SohumansonMarswouldalwaysneedtokeepthemselvesbusywithvariousactivities.4OneparticularorganizationisplanningtosendthefirsthumanstoMarsbefore2030.TheorganizationbelievesthatitsprojectisgivingpeopleworldwidethechancetobepartofthefirsthumancrewevertoliveonMarsforgood.5Regardless,itseemsthathumanslivingonMarsmaywellhappenalotsoonerthanpeoplebelieve.A.However,manyexpertsthinkitcancosttoomuchmoney.B.StephenHawkingbelievedhumansmustmoveintospacetosurvive.C.NASAbelievesnewastronautsshouldbechosenforfuturemissionswithoutdelay.D.OneideaforwarmingMarsistobuildfactoriestherethatproducegreenhousegases.E.Itwillpreventusfromlearningabouttheabilityofhumanstoliveinadifferentenvironment.F.Itwasa1,200-square-footroomthatwasonthesideofavolcanoandusedthesunforenergy.G.Anotherimportantthingwasthatthepeoplelivingtogethershouldallbeabletogetalongandworktogether.Ⅲ.完形填空DuringmyfirsttermofUniversity,IdidnotknowwhatIwantedtomajorin.Iwasveryinterestedinbiology,soIchoseavery1biologysciencecoursethatwasfarbeyondmyabilities.Formonthsbeforemyfinal2,IwentbackandforthtryingtodecidewhetherIshouldtakethiscourseornot.Iendeduptakingit,becauseIknewIshouldgivemyselfthechanceto3whetherIhadtheabilitytobecomea4ornot.Aftermonthsofnotbeingabletokeepup,Ihardlypassedthecourseandmy5wastotallyreduced.6,Ichangedmymajor,buttheeffectsthatcoursehadonmymind7withme.IblamedmyselfformonthsaskinghowIcouldhavebeenso8astowastemyhealth,time,andeffortonthatcoursewhenIcouldhave9anotherone.IttookmemonthstofinallyrecognizethatIhadnotbeento10formyactions.But,ifIhadstoppedtorecall（回想起）the11thatIfeltunsureaboutmymajoratthetime,Iwould'vecometothatconclusionsooner,insteadof12moretimethinkingaboutthepast.HadIknownhowchallengingthe13was,Iwouldn'thavespenttimeblamingmyself.ButhowcouldIhavepossiblyknownthatwithoutgivingitatry?Justlikeyoucan'tblameababyfornotbeing14towalk,youcannotblameyourselffornotbeingabletoassess（评论）the15ofanactionbeforeseeingtheexperiencethrough.1.A.challenging B.popular C.common D.easy2.A.failure B.success C.decision D.regret3.A.thinkabout B.findout C.notice D.announce4.A.teacher B.reporter C.leader D.scientist5.A.respect B.talent C.strength D.confidence6.A.Rather B.Actually C.Afterwards D.Still7.A.stayed B.changed C.filled D.disappeared8.A.confident B.careless C.stupid D.devoted9.A.chosen B.required C.recommended D.offered10.A.praise B.blame C.watch D.search11.A.fact B.advice C.belief D.proposal12.A.killing B.costing C.sparing D.wasting13.A.answer B.problem C.course D.research14.A.able B.keen C.eager D.excited15.A.method B.result C.plan D.process素养培优练（一）Ⅰ.阅读理解1.B[解析]推理判断题。根据文章第四段引号里的句子可推断,Malia第一次参加比赛时,她受到了奖牌的鼓舞。2.D[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句可知,Malia认为Temple的艺术课程很好。3.C[解析]细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,Malia以后想成为平面设计师或营销人员。4.D[解析]推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“无论她的职业生涯带着她走到哪里,Malia都会作为一个打破界限的人而被永远记住”及全文内容可推知,Malia的事迹告诉我们，打破越多界限，就会获得越多成就。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Malia从小就不断突破自我,在击剑上取得一定成就后,不断学习,并使学术和体育达到很好的平衡。5.D[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,新的研究显示，鲸的声音足以穿透海底的岩石。6.C[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段可知,水下声音可以产生地震回波,当声波在水中传播时与地面相遇,一些波的能量会转化为地震波,当地震波从不同的岩层上反弹时,这些地震波可以帮助科学家“看到”地下,它们反弹的方式可以帮助研究人员估计岩层的厚度。这是关于水下声音的一些科学知识,属于一些背景信息,所以第三段的目的是想要添加一些与该研究有关的背景信息。7.C[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,Kuna和Nábělek从这六首歌中得到了几个海区下面的岩层结构的信息。8.D[解析]推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,使用气枪进行地震勘测产生的噪音会干扰海洋生物,尤其是那些依靠声音来捕食或交流的动物的行为。因此,对环境是不友好的。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究,研究发现鲸的叫声可以穿透海底的岩石,这些声音在岩石上的回声有助于揭示地壳的结构。Ⅱ.七选五1.B[解析]根据下文可知,火箭科学家罗伯特·祖布林对此表示同意,并认为从火星开始最有意义。由此可推断,该空是另一个人的观点,B项表明斯蒂芬·霍金的观点。故选B项。2.D[解析]根据上文可知,火星地球化的主要目标之一是使其升温,因为其平均温度约为-60℃,不利于人类生存,因此,D项承接上文,阐述了使火星升温变暖的方法是建造制造温室气体的工厂,且该选项中的warming与上文中的warm相呼应。故选D项。3.F[解析]根据上文可知,作为一项测试,六个人在夏威夷类似火星的环境中生活了一年,直到最近“返回地球”；根据下文可知,一些住在那里的人说,最大的问题之一是感到无聊。由此可推断,该空应该阐述这六个人具体生活的环境是怎样的,因此F项符合语境。该选项中的room对应下文中的livingthere。故选F项。4.G[解析]根据上文六个人在夏威夷类似火星的环境中生活了一年,反馈了一些问题可知,接下来很可能提到另一些问题,因此G项符合语境,该选项提到另一个问题是住在一起的人都应该能够相处,且该选项中的Anotherimportantthing与上文oneofthebiggestissues相呼应。故选G项。5.A[解析]根据上文可知,一个特别的组织计划在2030年前将第一批人类送上火星。由此可推断,该空将阐述这个计划可能会产生的问题,承接上文,A项符合语境,阐述这个计划可能会花费太多的钱。故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。很多科学家正在研究将火星“地球化”,使人类得以生存,一个特别的组织计划在2030年前将第一批人类送上火星。Ⅲ.完形填空1.A[解析]由空后的“farbeyondmyabilities”及13空前的“HadIknownhowchallenging...”可知,作者选择的课程是很“具有挑战性的”。2.C[解析]由空后的“tryingtodecide”可知