怀化市辰溪县2023年考研《英语一》统考试题含解析

怀化市辰溪县2023年考研《英语一》统考试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ImetmybestfriendJaycewhenwewere11yearsold.Iwasadoptedand1bymygrandparentsandwasnewtothecity.Weimmediatelyknewwewerebest2in6thgradeandwespenteverysingle3together:playingdressup,goingtoschooldances,doinggymnastics,thenormalthings4youarethatage.WhenIwas16yearsold,myfamilywasputina5situation.Mygrandfathergotintothehabitof6drugs.Welosteverything;welostourhouse,ourcar,everything.Mygrandmother7metobeabletomakethechoiceofwhereIwould8tolive.Shetoldme,“Krisi,Iloveyou.Nowyoucancomewithmeoryoucan9inanorphanage.”10Iknewit,Jayceinvitedmetolivewithherandherfamily.Iwasabletofinishhighschoolandcontinuemy11atourlocaluniversity.Itwasadreamthat12andthekindestthingIhave13experienced.NotonlydidIgettospendeverydaywithmybestfriendbutIgottoknowwhatfamilytruely14.Ihavenevermetmorelovingand15people.Iwaslikeoneoftheirown.Ifeltasenseof16.Whathermotherandfatherdidhas17metothisday.Theytaughtmeaboutlife,whattodoandwhatnottodo,veryspecial18thatIalwaystreasure.Theysavedmylife!Iam19everysingledayforherandherfamily!Iamtruly20withthecompanyofafriendlikeJayceinmylife.1、A．calmeddownB．cheeredupC．watchedoverD．broughtup2、A．studentsB．friendsC．neighboursD．actresses3、A．coinB．classC．momentD．vacation4、A．whenB．asifC．incaseD．since5、A．peacefulB．angryC．badD．pleasant6、A．usingB．needingC．sellingD．studying7、A．forcedB．forbadeC．wantedD．frightened8、A．refuseB．continueC．happenD．wait9、A．stayB．workC．volunteerD．play10、A．UntilB．AsC．AfterD．Before11、A．taskB．educationC．careerD．hobby[12、A．turnedupB．madeadifferenceC．cametrueD．cameintobeing13、A．everB．thenC．neverD．even14、A．includesB．presentsC．lacksD．means15、A．challengingB．acceptingC．demandingD．daring16、A．directionB．shameC．belongingD．dignity17、A．affectedB．praisedC．changedD．blamed18、A．lecturesB．lessonsC．opinionsD．concepts19、A．movedB．stubbornC．excitedD．grateful20、A．concernedB．burdenedC．connectedD．blessedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Chinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon-reproductivecells,reducingtheneedtobreedlabmonkeysandpavingthewayformoreaccurate,effectiveandaffordableanimaltestsfornewdrugs,scientistssaidonThursday.ByDecember,theInstituteofNeuroscienceoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclonemacaques(猕猴)named”ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”bynucleartransferringofsomaticcells(体细胞)-anycellintheorganismotherthanreproductivecells.Tetra,amonkeybornin1999,istheworld'sfirstclonedmonkey,butitwasdonebyusingasimplermethodcalledembryosplitting(胚胎分割);butitcouldonlygeneratefourclonedoffspringatatimeandcannotbegeneticallychangedtosuittheexperimentalneed.Cloningamonkeyusingsomaticcellshasbeenaworld-classchallengebecauseitisaprimate(灵长类)thatsharesitsgeneticmakeup,andthereforeallofitscomplexity,withhumans.Fordrugandotherlabtests,scientistshavetopurchasemonkeysfromallovertheworld,whichiscostlyandbadfortheenvironment,andproducesinaccurateresultsbecauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes.Bycloningmonkeyusingsomaticcells,wecanmassivelycultivatelargenumbersofgeneticallyidenticaloffspringinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitourneeds.Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurateresults,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine.SunQiang,directorofthenon-humanprimateresearchfacilityattheinstitute,saidmostofthedrugtrialsarecurrentlydoneonlabmice.However,drugsthatworkonmicemightnotworkorevenhaveseveresideeffectsonhumansbecausethetwospeciesaresodifferent“Monkeysandhumansarebothprimates,sotheyaremuchcloselyrelatedandtestingonmonkeysissupposedtobeaseffectiveastestingonhumans,”hesaid.Thisisespeciallyusefulintestingdrugsforneural(神经的)diseasessuchasParkinson’sdisease,metabolicsyndrome(代谢综合症)andimmunesystemdiseases,andtumors,headded.“ThisachievementwillhelpChinaleadtheworldresearchintheinternationalscienceprojectsrelatedtoneuralmappingofprimatebrains,"hesaid."However,biolabsfromtheUnitedStates,Japan,andEuropeancountriesarealsoverycapable,andtheywillquicklycatchupwithChinaafterthemonkeycloningtechnologyismadepublic,"Sunadded.“Thismeanswehavetoinnovatecontinuouslyandworkextrahardthisyeartostayahead,"hesaid.1、Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorincloningmacaquesnamed"ZhongZhong"and"HuaHua"?A．Reproductivecells.B．SomaticcellsC．Neuralmapping.D．Geneticmakeup2、Whyiscloningmonkeyssodifficult?A．Becauseitisbadforourenvironment.B．Becauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes.C．Becausemonkeys'geneticmakeupisascomplicatedashumans.D．Becauseitistooexpensivetoworkontheirgeneticmakeup.3、WhatisthemainideaofParagraph8?A．Thecureforneuraldiseases.B．Theprocessofcloningmonkeys.C．Thesignificanceofcloningmonkeys.D．Thecloserelationsbetweenmonkeysandhumans.4、Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．Moreeffectivemedicinewillbeproduced.B．Drugtrialsonlabmicewillbeabandoned.C．Chinaisthefirstcountrytohaveclonedmonkeys.D．Chinawillstayaheadoftheworldincloning.Text2Intelligentpeoplearemorelikelytotrustothers,whilethosewhoscoreloweronmeasuresofintelligencearelesslikelytodoso.OxfordUniversityresearchersbasedtheirfindingonananalysisofthe'GeneralSocialSurvey'.Theauthorssayoneexplanationcouldbethatmoreintelligentindividualsarebetteratjudgingcharactersandmayspendmoretimebuildingrelationshipswithpeopletheycantrust.Anotherreasoncouldbethatsmarterpeoplearebetteratweighingupsituationsandassessingwhetherornottheotherpersonwillholduphisorherendofabargain.“Intelligenceisshowntobelinkedwithtrustingothers.”saidthestudy'sleadauthor,NoahCarlofOxfordUniversity,“Thisfindingsupportswhatotherresearchershaveargued,namelythatbeingagoodjudgeofcharacterisadistinctpartofhumanintelligence.”Inaddition,thestudyshowsthatindividualswhoaremoretrustingarealsohappierwiththeirlivesandhadhigherlevelsofphysicalhealth.TheOxfordresearchersfound,however,thatthelinksbetweentrustandhealth,andbetweentrustandhappiness,arenotexplainedbyintelligence.Thefindingsconfirmedthattrustisavaluableresourceforanindividual,andisnotsimplyameasureofintelligence.Theauthorssaytheresearchissignificantbecausethestudyofsocialtrustcouldhavefar-reachingimplicationsinpublicwelfare,associaltrustcontributestothesuccessofimportantsocialinstitutions,suchaswelfaresystemsandfinancialmarkets.AccordingtoOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment,trustisinincreasinglyshortsupplyincurrentgeneration.Thisdeclinethreatensworldleaders’abilitytohandlesomeoftoday'skeychallengeslikeglobalwarming,andthepoliticalsystem.Therearegoodreasonstothinkthatgovernmentsshouldtrytodevelopmoretrustinsociety.Distrustusuallycausesfrictioninpersonalrelationships,careersandpoliticsamongothers,saysStephenCovey.Althoughmajorityofpeoplesaythattrustcanneverberestoredonceit'sbroken,Stephenfeelsitcanbebroughtback."It'snoteasy,ittakestime,butyoudoitthroughyourbehavior,notjustthingsyousay."1、ItcanbeconcludedfromtheanalysisoftheGeneralSocialSurveythat.A．intelligentpeopletendtoshowmoretrustinothersB．judgmentofcharactersdeterminesthelevelofintelligenceC．intelligenceaccountsfortheconnectionbetweentrustandhealthD．intelligentindividualsspendlesstimeoninterpersonalrelationship2、Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph2probablymean?A．Makethebestofasituation.B．Sticktoone'spromiseasagreed.C．Figureoutthetruevalueofabargain.D．Makeanassessmentofadeal.3、Accordingtotheresearch,higherlevelofsocialtrustis.A．adecisivebasisforstablepoliticalsystemB．abasicsteptodealwithglobalwarmingC．acontributingfactortosuccessfulpublicinstitutionsD．acompletesolutiontointerpersonalconflicts4、Whenitcomestorebuildingtrust,Stephenismostlikelytoagreethat.A．actionsalwaysspeaklouderthanwordsB．behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimageC．behaviorislargelydeterminedbymindD．actionistheproperfruitofknowledgeText3fcarshadwings，theycouldflyandthatjustmighthappen,beginningin2011.ThecompanyTerrafugia,basedinWoburn,Massachusetts,saysitplanstodeliveritscar-plane,theTransition,tocustomersbytheendof2011.“It’sthenext‘wow’vehicle，”saidTerrafugiavicepresidentRichardGersh.“AnybodycanbuyaFerrari,butaswesay,Ferrarisdon’tfly.”Thecarplanehaswingsthatunfoldforflying—aprocessthecompanysaystakesoneminute—andfoldbackupfordriving.Arunwayisstillrequiredtotakeoffandland.TheTransitionisbeingmarketedmoreasaplanethatdrivesthanacarthatflies,althoughitisboth.ThecompanyhasbeenworkingwithFAAtomeetaircraftregulations,andwiththeNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationtomeetvehiclesafetyregulations.ThecompanyisaimingtoselltheTransitiontoprivatepilotsasamoreconvenientandcheaperwaytofly.Theysayitsavesyouthetroublefromtryingtofindanothermodeoftransportationtogettoandfromairports:Youdrivethecartotheairportandthenyou’regoodtogo.Whenyouland,youfoldupthewingsandhittheroad.Therearenoexpensiveparkingfeesbecauseyoudon’thavetostoreitatanairport—youparkitinthegarageathome.Thecar-planeisdesignedtoflyprimarilyunder10,000feet.Ithasamaximumtakeoffweightof1,430pounds,includingfuelandpassengers.TerrafugiasaystheTransitionreducesthepotentialforanaccidentbyallowingpilotstodriveunderbadweatherinsteadofflyingintomarginal(临界)conditions.TheTransition’spricetag:$194,000,Buttheremaybeadditionalchargesforoptionslikearadio,transponderorGPS.Anotheroptionisafull-planeparachute.“Ifyougetintoaveryawfulsituation,itisthenecessarysafetyoption,”Gershsaid.Sofar,thecompanyhasmorethan70orderswithdeposits.“We’reworkingverycloselywiththem,buttherearestillsomeremainingsteps,”Brownsaid.1、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.A．car-planeswillbepopularin2011B．peoplemightdriveacar-planein2011C．bothTransitionandFerraricantakeoffandlandD．RichardGershisthevicepresidentofMassachusetts2、lttakesthecar-planeoneminuteto.A．foldandunfolditswingsB．unfoldwingsforflyingC．landintheairportD．meetflyingsafetyregulations3、.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Thecar-planeneedsarunwaytotakeoffandland.B．Tomcetaircraftregulations,thecompanyhasbeenworkingwithFAA．C．Thecar-planemayflyashighasnormalplanes.D．Peoplecanparkthecar-planeinthegarageattheirhome.4、.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastbutoneparagraphrefersto.A．theradioB．thetransponderC．theGPSD．thefull-planeparachute5、What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．CarsWithWingsMayBeJustAroundTheCorner.B．WhichtoChoose:AFerrarisoraCarPlane?C．AmoreConvenientandCheaperWaytoFly.D．CarsWithWingsCanFlyasFastasPlanes.Text4LawrenceFerlinghetti,thepoet,publisher,painter,socialactivistandbookstoreowner,hasbeenSanFrancisco’shonoredpoet.Heturns100thismonth,andthecityismakingpreparationstocelebratehiminstyle.ReadingsandperformancesandanopenhousewilltakeplaceatCityLights,thesacredbookstoreheco-foundedin1953.OnMarch24,1919,LawrenceFerlinghettiwasborninYonkers,NewYork.AfterspendinghisearlychildhoodinFrance,hereceivedhisBAfromtheUniversityofNorthCarolina,anMAfromColumbiaUniversity,andaPhDfromtheSorbonne.Heistheauthorofmorethanthirtybooksofpoetry,includingPoetryasInsurgentArt;AConeyIslandoftheMind.Hehastranslatedtheworksofanumberofpoets,includingNicanorParra,JacquesPrevert,andPierPaoloPasolini.Inadditiontopoetry,heisalsotheauthorofmorethaneightplaysandthreenovels,includingLittleBoy:ANovel,LoveintheDaysofRageandHer.In1953,FerlinghettiandPeterMartinopenedtheCityLightsbookstoreinSanFrancisco,California.ItbecameanervecenterfortheBeatsandotherwriters.AllenGinsberg,JackKerouacandotherwritersfromthaterawereEasternerswhodroppedintoSanFranciscoforaspell.In2001itwasmadeanofficialhistoriclandmark.NowCityLightsisalmostcertainlythebestbookstoreintheUnitedStates.It’sfilledwithseriousworldliteratureofallkinds.IfCityLightsisaSanFranciscoinstitution,Ferlinghettihimselfisasmuchofone.Hehasloomedoverthecity’sliterarylife.Asapoet,he’sneverbeenacriticalfavorite.Buthisflexibleandplain-spokenandoftenpowerfulwork—hehaspublishedmorethan50volumes—hasfoundawideaudience.Hiscollection“AConeyIslandoftheMind”hassoldmorethan1millioncopies,makingitoneofthebest-sellingAmericanpoetrybookseverpublished.1、WhatcanwelearnaboutFerlinghettifromParagraph2?A．Hehadahappychildhood.B．Hereceivednormaleducation.C．Hehadagiftforwritingnovels.D．Hehadwrittenlotsofpoetry.2、WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesFerlinghettiaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Flexible. B．Optimistic. C．Outspoken. D．Productive.3、WhyisCityLightsfamous?A．Becauseitisanervecenterfortheyouth.B．Becauseitscollectionshavealonghistory.C．Becauseitisanofficialhistoriclandmark.D．Becauseithasmanymodernworldliterature.4、Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tospeakhighlyofagreatpoet.B．TointroducesomeEnglishpoetry.C．TopromotevaluesofCityLights.D．TocelebratethebirthdayofFerlinghetti.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Themovie,directedbyStephenChbosky1．(praise)byaudiencesforhittingthesoftspotasasaheartwarmingstorythatmanagestoavoid2．(turn)toosentimental3．(base)onthebest-sellingnovelofthesamename,Wondertellsthestoryofa10-year-oldboynamedAuggie4．wasbornwith5．(face)problem,andhebeginsfifthgradeafter6．(year)ofbeinghome-schooledby7．(he)motherNot8．(expect),Auggie’sunusualappearanceislaughedatbymanypeersButwiththestrongsupportofhisparentsandsister,Auggieeventuallyinspiresthepeople9．himwithcourage,kindnessandwisdomtoearntheir10．(friend),respectandloveAccordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears1．(long)thannon-runnersYoudon'thavetorunfastorforlong2．(see)thebenefitYoumaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof3．(die)earlybyrunningWhilerunningregularlycann'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit4．(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife5．walking,cyclingorswimmingTwooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin6．showedamerefiveto10minutesAdayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7．(cause)ThebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldoButotherwise…it'sprobablyrunningToavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto8．(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoesRunningischeap,easyandit'salways9．(energy)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive10．atrySectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)HowtonotbeaslavetotechnologySchwartz,CEOofTheEnergyProject,sharedfourofhismostimportanttoolsforapplyingtechnologymoreproductively,andbuildingaworklifethatsupports—ratherthanwastes—yourenergy.Builddailyrituals(习惯).1、Buildhighlyspecificbehaviorsthatyoudoatprecisetimesoverandoveragainuntilitbecomesasautomaticasbrushingyourteethatnight.Thebestwaytoprioritize(优先考虑)what’simportanttousandmakesureweactuallydothethingswecareaboutistocreatehighlyspecifichabits.Takea“firstthingsfirst”approachtoyourmornings.2、Ninety-fivepercentofpeoplehavemoreenergyearlyinthemorningthantheydoasthedaywearson,andtheyalsohavefewerdistractions(干扰).Soifthat’sthecase,whywouldn’tyoudothemostimportantthingwhenyouhavethemostenergy?Usetechnologiesselectively.Ifyouexposeyourselftodifferentformsoftechnologycontinuously,theywillpullyouinthewayadrugwould,evenwhenyouknowitisnotservingyouwell.Keeptechnologicaltemptations(诱惑)awaywhenyoufindyourselfgettingtoodistracted—orasSchwartzputsit:“3、”.4、Manyofusliveourlivesinagrayzone—werenotfullyfocusedonworkwhenwe’reworking,andduringourleisuretime,we’renotfullyrelaxed.Thisleavesusfeelingdistracted.Schwartz’sadvice?5、Applyinglessthanyourfullfocusdoesn’tjustmakeyoulessproductive;distractionkeepsyoufrombeingfulfilledbyandconnectedtoyourwork.Distractionistheenemytomeaning.A．Beintentionalwithyourenergy.B．Dothemostimportantthingfirsteveryday.C．Takingbreaksthroughouttheworkdayisanicethought.D．Ifyou’retryingtoloseweight,don’thavecup-cakesinthefridge.E.We’vecrossedthelineofbeingabletoeffectivelymanagealloftheinformationcomingatus.F.Whenyou’reworking,you’rereallyworking;andwhenyou’rerelaxing,you’rereallyrelaxing.G.Theonlywaytoensurethatthingsthataren’turgentbutareimportanthappenistodevelophabits.Aftereightmonths’delicatepreparations,aneveninggala(聚会)SailtotheFutureforleadersandrepresentativesattendingthe9thBRICSSummitwasheldattheBanlamGrandTheaterinXiam