Unit 3 Getting along with others Extended reading 课件-2023-2024学年牛津译林版（2020）高中英语必修第一册

OfFriendshipFrancisBaconUnit3Lead-invideoWhatdoyouthinkistruefriendship?Therealfriendissomeone_________________________;someone_______________________,evenwhentimesaretough.whobringsoutthebestinyouwhoisalwaysthereforyouPre-readingIntroduction：AnEnglishRenaissancestatesmanandphilosopher,knownforhispromotionofthescientificmethodandforhisessayswhichshowhissharpworldlywisdom.介绍：英国文艺复兴时期的政治家和哲学家，以推广科学方法和展示他敏锐智慧的文章而闻名。FrancisBacon(1561—1626)弗朗西斯·培根Pre-readingOfFriendshipTheValue？TheImportance？TheImpact？TheDefinition？predictionThebenefits？Thedevelopment？while-readinggistReadtheessaycarefullyandtellushowmanypartsyouthinkitcanbedividedinto,andalsotellusthemainideaofeachpart.

PartOne:

The

___________offriendship.

PartThree:________onmakingfriends.

PartTwo:______“fruits”offriendship.

ArgumentConclusion

EvidenceimportanceThree(Para.1)(Para.2~5)Advice(Para.6)WhatWhyHowpara5para2para4para6para3para1Genre:A.AnargumentationB.ApoemC.AnovelD.Anewsreportwhile-readinggist

Herearesomequestions:1.What’sthethemeoftheessay?2.What’sFrancisBacon’sviewonfriendship?3.Howmany“fruits”doclosefriendshipshave?4.Andwhatarethey?5.What’sBacon’sadviceonmakingfriends?

Friendship.Friendshipisveryimportanttous.Three.

Comforttheheart,advisethehead,andhelpusachievethegoals.Friendsshouldbecarefullychosenandrelationshipcarefullydeveloped.while-reading

para1Aswewalkthe“pathoflife”,wemaysometimeswishtobealonewithourownthoughts,forquietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.Sociallifeisalsoimportanttous.Moreoftenthannot,closefriendshipswillhelpsmoothoutthesometimesrockyroadthatweareallmeanttotravel.Thinking:what’sthefunctionoftheparagraph1?introducethetopic;...当我们走上人生之路时,我们有时可能希望独自思考，因为安静的反思会带来个人进步。Aswewalkthe“pathoflife”,wemaysometimeswishtobealonewithourownthoughts,forquietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.while-readingpara1for连接两并列句，呈因果关系As引导的时间状语从句giverisetocontributetocause/generateresultinreflection→reflect(v.)→reflective(adj.)反光的，沉思的→reflector(n.)反光面

n.

沉思；反射；映像；反映phrases：reflectonsth.

反思某事withoutreflection

不假思索1.Whenyoulookatyourselfinthemirror,youseeareflection.

2.Yourchoiceofcolourisareflectionofyourpersonality.

while-reading当你照镜子的时候，你会看到一个映像。你对颜色的选择反映了你的性格。para1Iacceptedtheplan

ontheconference.我在会上不假思索地接受了那个计划。Whenthesun’srayshittheearth，alotofheat

(reflect)backintospace.太阳光照射到地球时，大量的热反射回太空中。“Ireflect

howmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid.他说：“我反思了我的一天是如何过去的，并思考了一周余下的时间。”Themanwaslyingonthegrassandreflectedonwhathappenedthatday.=Themanwaslyingonthegrass，

__________________________________________.while-readingwithoutreflectionisreflectedon/uponreflectingonwhathappenedthatdaypara1然而，当我们试图独处时，我们必须要注意，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.while-readingwhen引导的时间状语从句that引导的宾语从句，做becareful的宾语para1seek-sought-sought→seeker寻找者

vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找phrases：seektodosth. 试图做某事；努力做某事seekout 找到；寻出 seekfor

找寻seekafter 追求seekone’sfortune 外出寻找发财的机会jobseeker 求职者

while-readingpara1Hewillseek___________(bring)outthebestinthisnaughtystudent.他会设法使这个调皮学生身上最好的一面显示出来。Theyouthhavedecidedtoseek_________thetruthoftheaccident.那些年轻人决定要找出这起事故的真相。Everyoneintheworldhastherighttoseek______happiness.世界上所有人都有追求幸福的权利。Manyfarmerswentdowntownto_______________________.许多农民到城里寻找发财的机会。while-readingtobringoutforseektheirfortunepara1escape

vi.&vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避免；被遗忘

n.逃离，逃脱phrases：escapefrom 从……逃脱/逃跑escape＋n./doingsth. 避开(做)某事escapeone’sattention 逃过某人的注意Thewordsescapeme.

无从开口anarrowescape 九死一生注意：下面两个短语的区别：escapefromprison 越狱 escapeprison 逃过牢狱之灾while-readingpara1Thehuntertriedtoescape_______theforest，buthelosthisway.猎人试图逃出森林，但是迷路了。Themanwhogatheredinsectshad____________________theotherday.不久前的一天收集昆虫的这个人九死一生。Afterhehadescapedfromprison，hecametoasmalltown.=After________________________，hecametoasmalltown.while-readingfromanarrowescapeescapingfromprisonpara1学习笔记p53.5while-reading社交生活对于我们来说也很重要。通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。=SociallifeisofequalimportancetousSociallifeisalsoimportanttous.Moreoftenthannot,closefriendshipswillhelpsmoothoutthesometimesrockyroadthatweareallmeanttotravel.that引导的定语从句，先行词是thesometimesrockyroad从句中的travel做及物动词用para1smooth→smoothlyadj.（表面）光滑平坦的，平整的；（动作等）流畅的；（人）圆滑的，八面玲珑的；v.抚平，弄平滑；解决问题，消除困难；缓和；使优雅smoothout/away

消除smooth/pavethewayfor

为...铺平道路

while-readingpara1mean→meaning→meaningful→meaningfullywell-meaning出于好心的，善意的v.意味着；表示……的意思；打算，意欲meantodo 打算做bemeanttodo 目的在于meandoing 意味着adj.吝啬小气的；刻薄的；平均的；简陋的，破旧的；微薄的n.平均数※means手段，方式；财富（单复数同形）byallmeans当然行 bynomeans绝不bymeansof 依靠...的手段

while-readingpara1Heisso

thateventhoughheisrich,heisunwillingtodonateapennytothevictimsoftheearthquake.

willwegiveupanychancetolearnEnglish

usinghightechnology,wecanimprovetheefficiencyofdoingthings.while-readingdetailsmeanBynomeans他是如此的吝啬，以至于即便他十分富有，他也不乐意给地震中的受害者捐一分钱。我们绝不会放弃任何学习英语的机会。Bythemeansof通过使用高科技，我们可以提高做事的效率。Asweliveinsocialgroups,therearemanybenefitsoffriendshipthatwecanenjoy.Generallyspeaking,closefriendshipshavethree“fruits”:theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.Throughfriendship,wecanbecomehappier,wiserandmoresatisfiedhumans.while-reading

para2Thinking:what’sthefunctionoftheparagraph2?givetheargument(thesisstatement)ofthepassage；identifythreetopicsentencesAsweliveinsocialgroups,therearemanybenefitsoffriendshipthatwecanenjoy.while-reading由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的许多好处。as引导的原因状语从句that引导的定语从句，先行词是benefitspara2while-readingpara2benefit→beneficialn.优势；益处；成效；利润，补助金vt.使受益 vi.得益于phrases：beofbenefitto...

对……有益的 bebeneficialto... 对……有益for

thebenefitof...

为了……的利益benefitfrom... 从……中受益benefitsb. 使某人获益while-readingpara2Thenewcourseisofbenefit____littlechildren.这门新课程对小孩子有好处。Thewarningsignwasputupthere_______

thebenefitofthepublic.那里设立了警告牌是为了公众的利益。Whodoyouthinkwillbenefit_______

thechange?你认为谁会从这个变化中获益Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveus____________(benefit)VitaminD.(2019·全国Ⅰ)虽然太阳紫外线老化和危害我们的皮肤，它们也给我们有益的维生素D。toforfrombeneficial学习笔记p54.6while-reading悬垂结构and连接三个并列动词comfort，advise，help，共用主语theypara2定语从句，先行词是goals，关系代词作宾语省略一般来说，亲密的友谊有三个“成果”：它可以抚慰心灵启迪思维，并且帮助我们实现我们为自己设立的目标。Generallyspeaking,closefriendshipshavethree“fruits”:theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.while-readingpara2comfort→comfortable(adj.)→uncomfortable(oppo.)→comfortably(adv.)vt.安慰；抚慰 n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服phrases:incomfort 舒适地 givecomforttosb. 安慰某人agreatcomforttosb. 对某人来讲是莫大的安慰Itis/wasacomforttodosth. 做...是件令人安慰的事。while-readingpara2Mrs.Smith____________(comfort)hersonwhenhefailedtocatchtheopportunity.Inmyopinion,thetriptoTibetwasratherlongand_________________(comfortable).Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbe_____comfortinthosehardtimes.Inmoderntimes,peoplehavetolearntolivewithallkindsofpressurealthoughtheyare________________________(过着一种舒服的生活).comforteduncomfortablealeading/living/havingacomfortablelifeThroughfriendship,wecanbecomehappier,wiserandmoresatisfiedhumans.while-reading通过友谊，我们可以变成更快乐、更明智、更满足的人。para2while-readingdetails________theheartWearefreeto______ourjoyandsadness_____truefriends,______makeshappiness________agreatermeaningand_________becomeshalved.Comfort

share

with

which

takeontroubleThefirstfruitoffriendshipisthepeacethatcomesfrom

sharingwithfriendsourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.Here,friendshiphasadoubleadvantage—happinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbecomesatroublehalved!Naturally,thiskindofopennessresultsfromaclosefriendship.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadnessinfullmeasure.Weknowthatourfriendswillbothrespectourfeelingsandtreasurethesemomentsofcloseness.Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.

while-readingpara3topicsentenceanalyze：doubleadvantageanalyze：causeandeffectwhile-reading友谊的第一个成果是和谐，和谐来自与朋友分享我们的喜悦、悲伤、失败与成功。para3that引导的定语从句Thefirstfruitoffriendshipisthepeacethatcomesfromsharingwithfriendsourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.while-readingpara3failure→fail(v.)n.失败；失败的人或事；未履行；故障phrases：afailure 一个失败的人或事failtodosth. 没做成某事failinsth. 失败，没通过Wordsfailme. 无法用语言表达。学习笔记p54.7Here,friendshiphasadoubleadvantage—happinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbecomesatroublehalved!Naturally,thiskindofopennessresultsfromaclosefriendship.while-reading在这里，友谊有双重优势——幸福具有更大的意义朋友，分担的烦恼减半。

当然，这种坦率来自亲密的友谊。para3过去分词做后置定语过去分词做后置定语保留了动词的动态感；如果做前置则完全是形容词。while-readingpara3takeon 聘用，雇用；呈现；承担或担任takeoff 脱下；起飞；打折扣；请假休息takeover 接替，接管，继承takein 收留，包括，理解，欺骗

takeup 开始(学习或从事等)；继续；占去；接纳；讨论。take短语while-readingpara3学习笔记p54.8他放弃学医，开始学物理。你愿意让我接替你开一会儿车吗?别被他的诺言所欺骗。你可以减价五美元吗?这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.Wouldyoulikemetotakeoverthedrivingforawhile？Don’tbetakeninbyhispromises.Canyoutakefivedollarsofftheprice?Thecompanydecidedtotakeonanewsecretary.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadnessinfullmeasure.Weknowthatourfriendswillbothrespectourfeelingsandtreasurethesemomentsofcloseness.Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforcomfortandprotection.while-reading有了真正的朋友，我们可以与之毫无顾忌地分享喜悦与悲伤。我们知道，好友既会尊重我们的情感，也会珍视这些亲密的时光。实际上，人的内心离不开这些机会来获取慰藉和庇护。para3that引导宾语从句，and连接并列动词respect和treasurerelyon/countonwhile-readingpara3measure→measurement(n.)vt.估量，判定；测量n.措施；衡量phrases：measure...by...

用……衡量……bemeasuredby/in...

用……来计算/衡量takemeasurestodosth

采取措施做某事make...toone’s

measure

根据某人的尺寸做※注意：measure表示“测量长、高或宽时”是连系动词，无被动语态。while-readingpara3学习笔记p53.1&4(1)Apersonshould

notappearance.衡量一个人的标准应该是品质而不是外表。(2)Itishightimethatweshould_________________________________________.是时候采取措施防止空气被污染了。(3)MrSmithaskedthetailorto_____________________________________.史密斯先生让裁缝按自己的尺寸做一些新衣服。bemeasuredbyqualitiestakemeasurestokeeptheairfrombeingpollutedmakesomenewclothestohisownmeasurewhile-readingpara3moment→momentary(adj.)→momentarily（adv.）n.时光；瞬间；某个时刻phrases：atthemomentatthatmomentinamomentwhile-readingdetails________theheartWearefreeto______ourjoyandsadness_____truefriends,______makeshappiness________agreatermeaningand_________becomeshalved.________thehead

Ourfriendsoftenofferus_________onourimportantdecisions.Talkingwithwisefriendsmakesourthoughts________andourunderstandingsmore_______.Comfort

share

with

which

takeontroubleAdvise

advice

clearerthoroughwhile-reading

para4Thesecondfruitoffriendshipisthebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatmaybeachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.Weoftenfinditeasiertorecognizeotherpeople’sweaknessesthanourown.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgementsmightbeone-sided.Ontheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.Also,whenwewanttotalkourproblemsoverwithafriend,wehavetoputourthoughtsintowordsfirst.Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsusamorethoroughunderstandingofourproblems.topicsentence第一点第二点，ontheotherhand第三点，alsoconclusionThesecondfruitoffriendshipisthebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatmaybeachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.while-readingand连接并列的名词that引导的定语从句，先行词是thebetterunderstandingandjudgementpara4友谊的第二个硕果是，通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈可以获得更好的理解力和判断力。Weoftenfinditeasiertorecognizeotherpeople’sweaknessesthanourown.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgementsmightbeone-sided.while-reading我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。因此，如果只跟着自己的感觉走，我们的判断可能就是片面的。it做形式宾语if引导条件状语从句para4学习笔记p55.10while-readingpara4recognize→recognition(n.)vt.承认；意识到；认出，辨别出recognizeone’svoice 辨别出某人的声音recognizesb.as/tobe... 承认某人是……berecognizedas 被认为是Itisrecognizedthat... 人们公认……recognition n.承认；认出inrecognitionof 承认beyondrecognition

无法辨认，面目全非while-readingpara4学习笔记p54.9_________________________LiuHuanisafamousmusician.刘欢是一位著名的音乐家，这是大家公认的。After25yearsthetowncenterhadchangedbeyond______________(recognize).25年过去了，市中心变得认不出来了。We_____________________ahard-workingandhonestperson.我们认为他是一个工作努力又诚实的人。Lincoln______________________________greatestpresidentsinAmerica.林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。ItisrecognizedthatrecognitionrecognizehimasisrecognizedasoneoftheOntheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.while-reading另一方面，在我们必须要做出的重大决定上，朋友往往能给出更好的建议。ononehand，ontheother(hand)that引导的定语从句，先行词是decisionpara4suggestionsonAlso,whenwewanttotalkourproblemsoverwithafriend,wehavetoputourthoughtsintowordsfirst.while-reading此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。when引导的时间状语从句para4Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsusamorethoroughunderstandingofourproblems.while-reading单是这点，就能让我们更好地厘清思路，并对自身的问题有更透彻的认识。and连接并列动词helps和bringspara4while-readingpara4thorough→thoroughly(adv.)adj.彻底的，全面的，深刻的.thoughtthoroughtaughtthroughthink的过去式；名词想法彻底的，全面的teach的过去式介词，通过while-readingdetails________theheartWearefreeto______ourjoyandsadness_____truefriends,______makeshappiness________agreatermeaningand_________becomeshalved.________thehead

Ourfriendsoftenofferus_________onourimportantdecisions.Talkingwithwisefriendsmakesourthoughts________andourunderstandingsmore_______._______usachievethegoals

Manythingsinlifecanonly_______________withthehelpoffriends,becausetheyhavedifferent_______and_______.Friendscanhelpusduringlifeandevenafter

.Comfort

share

with

which

takeontroubleAdvise

advice

clearerthoroughHelp

achieved

ideas

skills

death

beThethirdfruitoffriendshipisthehelpthatafriendmayofferinmanydifferentways.Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.Theycanhelpusachievewhatwewantduringlifeand,perhaps,evenafterdeath.while-reading

para5topicsentencecommon/samedifferentwhile-readingpara5death→die-died-died/dying(v.及其各时态)

→dead(adj.)→deadly(v.致死的)n.死，死亡phrases:deathrate 死亡率deathtoll 死亡总数bleedtodeath 流血而死Thethirdfruitoffriendshipisthehelpthatafriendmayofferinmanydifferentways.Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.while-reading由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的许多好处。that引导的定语从句，先行词thehelpbeknownaspara5Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.Theycanhelpusachievewhatwewantduringlifeand,perhaps,evenafterdeath.while-reading生活中有太多事，只有在朋友的帮助下才能成功。朋友也许拥有诸多不同的想法和技能。他们能帮助我们在生前，甚至是在我们故去之后，获得我们想要之物。that引导的定语从句，先行词是manythingswhat引导的名词性从句，主句缺宾语，从句缺宾语para5while-reading

para6Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.Friendsshouldbecarefullychosenandrelationshipscarefullydeveloped.Inthisway,wecanbetterwalkthe“pathoflife”withthecomfort,adviceandhelpfromourtrustedfriends.(Adaptedfrom“OfFriendship”,anessaywrittenbyFrancisBacon,agreatEnglishwriter,scientistandphilosopher)

conclusionecho（呼应）Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.Friendsshouldbecarefullychosenandrelationships(shouldbe)carefullydeveloped.while-reading最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。朋友要谨慎选择，友情需用心经营。that引导的主从句，it做形式主语para6两句结构一致，第二句省略了shouldbewhile-readingpara6company→companion(n.伴侣)n.陪伴(=accompany)，公司phrases:keepsb.company 作伴accompanysb.tosp. 陪某人去某地accompanysb.at/on 为某人伴奏beaccompaniedwith/by 伴随着